Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

L. Mythili ¹, G. N. K. Ganesh ¹, C. Monisha ¹, R. Kayalvizhi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund. (Affiliated to JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), IN

Abstract

Eye being a unique and complex organ the access of exogenous substances to the ocular tissues are restricted by its physiology and defense mechanism. Thus the delivery of therapeutic agents to the ocular tissues is not an easy assignment. Cornea an important component present in eye is protected by very effective protective mechanisms which provide the pharmaceutical scientists a challenge of designing a formulation and delivering it to the targeted sites in sufficient concentrations. Development of newer approaches and novel therapeutic agents continue to provide delivery system a high therapeutic efficacy. Due to the defects in the traditional treatment, and also the therapeutic drug levels in targeted site is not maintained for longer time, the search of new type of ophthalmic approaches and technologies has drawn more and more attentions. In past two decades research in ocular delivery system have been accelerated towards a novel, safe and patient compliance formulation and medical devices to surpass the barriers and maintain the therapeutic level in tissues. Recently various technologies with good efficacy and biocompatibility have also been developed to treat the ocular diseases at both the anterior and posterior portion of eye. Anterior segment approaches for ocular treatment, advances are witnessed through the modulation of conventional topical drops with permeation enhancers and it also includes the development as ointments, gels etc. Several nano-formulations are also introduced for treating the anterior portion of the eye. Furthermore for posterior delivery, research focused immensely towards the development of releasing devices and also nano-formulation. Therefore these novel approaches and devices are easy to formulate, possess negligible irritation, prolonged precorneal residence time, sustained drug release, and enhanced bioavailability. An update of research advancement in ocular drug delivery provides and helps the scientists to modulate and develop safe drug delivery strategies. This review article gives update information about various approaches for delivering the drug to ocular region.

Keywords

Eye, Ocular Drug Delivery, Barriers, Conventional Drug Delivery, Novel Dosage Form, Approaches.

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C. Monisha ¹, G. N. K. Ganesh ¹, L. Mythili ¹, Kayalvizhi Radhakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund. (Affiliated to JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), IN

Abstract

Skin is a constitutional and the most easily manageable organ of the body. The objective of transdermal drug delivery system is to cross the stratum corneum. Various methods have been used to escalate the penetration rate of drugs. Ethosomes are the most pioneering vesicular system with eminent level of ethanol present in it which ensures better penetration of drugs into deeper strata of skin. Ethosomes are mainly focused on the transdermal delivery of drugs. Transdermal delivery of drugs is a self-reliant, distinct dosage form which delivers the drug via skin at a meticulous rate to the blood when applied to the skin. These carriers are premeditated for their proficient conveyance of drugs or therapeutic agents. Even though ethosomal systems are theoretically sophisticated, they are much easier to prepare, safer and efficient when used in combination which has a high impact on their application. This article provides a detailed information about the ethosomal system, the types of ethosomes based on their components to classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes and transethosomes and their method of preparation. Evaluation parameters such as vesicle morphology, vesicle size and size distribution, zeta potential, percent entrapment efficiency, permeation distinctiveness, surface tension measurement, physical stability, transition temperature, vesicle-skin interaction study are deliberated. Numerous applications of ethosomes to treat various diseases were also discussed in this article. Ethosomes offers an enormous number of significant aids including improving the efficacy of drug, enhancing patient acquiescence and comfort and reducing the total cost of treatment. Ethosomes are innovative carriers for the delivery of therapeutic agents.

Keywords

Transdermal, Ethosomes, Skin, Vesicle, Ethanol.

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