Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Determination of Electron Mobility in Small Molecular 1,4-di(bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum-oxy)benzene by Transient Electroluminescence


Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 040, India., India
2 CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, India., India
 

Transient electroluminescence is an important tool to determine the charge carrier dynamics in light emitting organic semiconductors. We have used this method to determine the electron mobility in one of the important organic semiconductors 1,4-di(bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum-oxy)benzene (Alq(1)), used as emissivelayer in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). For transient electroluminescence studies, we prepared OLEDs using Alq(1) as the emitter. The OLEDs were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates using N, N’-diphenyl -N,N’- bis (3-methylphenyl)-(1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4- diamine (TPD) as hole transport layer (HTL) and lithium fluoride (LiF) as electron injecting buffer layer. The temporal evaluation of the electroluminescence (EL) was studies with respect to a voltage pulse of different amplitudes applied to the device at different temperatures. A delay was observed in the onset of EL from the device with respect to the applied voltage pulse. The EL exhibited a fast initial rise followed by tending to saturate. The EL decayed rapidly as the applied voltage became zero and the decay did not depend upon the amplitude of the applied voltage pulse. The delay time in the onset of EL with respect to the applied voltage pulse is correlated to the electron mobility in Alq(1). The electron mobility in Alq(1) calculated by transient EL method, showed strong dependency on the applied electric field and temperature at low electric fields however at quite high electric fields, the electron mobility in Alq(1) showed poor dependency on the applied electric field and temperature. This behavior of electron mobility in Alq(1) has been explained in terms of shallow charge carrier traps in Alq(1) film. The electron mobility in Alq(1) at 295 K and 2.7*10 6 V/cm, has been determined to be 5.410 -6 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , which is much higher than that in the well-studied Alq 3 .

Keywords

Organic Light Emitting Diodes, Hole Transport Layer, Transient Electroluminescence, Electron Mobility, 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivative, Soluble Small Molecule.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Kumar P, Organic solar cells: Device physics, Processing, Degradation and Prevention, CRC press, Taylor & Francis group, USA, (2016).

  • Liao X J, Zhu J J, Yuan L, Yan Z P, Tu Z L, Mao M X, Lu J J, Zhang W W & Zheng Y X, Mater Chem Front, 5 (2021) 6951.

  • Zou S J, Shen Y, Xie F M, Chen J D, Li Y Q & Tang J X, Mater Chem Front, 4 (2020) 788.

  • Kumar P & Chand S, Prog Photovolt: Res Appl, 20 (2012) 377.

  • Nagamine K & Tokito S, Sens Actuators B: Chem, 349 (2021) 130778.

  • Yoo H, Park H, Yoo S, On S, Seong H, Im S G & Kim J J, Nature Commun, 10 (2019) 2424.

  • https://www.oled-info.com/lg-oled.

  • Kumar P, Misra A, Kamalasanan M N, Jain S C, Srivastava R & Kumar V,Jpn J Appl Phys, 45 (2006) 7621.

  • Kapoor A K, Jain S C, Poortmans J, Kumar V & Mertens R, J Appl Phys, 92 (2002) 3835.

  • Jain A, Kumar P, Jain S C, Kumar V, Kaur R & Mehra R M, J Appl Phys, 102 (2007) 094505.

  • Kumar P, Jain S C, Kumar V, Chand S & Tandon R P, J Phys D: Appl Phys, 41 (2008) 155108.

  • Kumar P, Jain S C, Kumar V, Chand S & Tandon R P, Eur Phys J, 28 (2009) 361.

  • Kumar P, Chand S, DwivediS & Kamalasanan M N, Appl Phys Lett, 90 (2007) 023501.

  • Alam S, Fischer P, Kästner C,Singh C R, Schubert U S & Hoppe H , J Mater Res, 33 (2018) 1860.

  • Funahashi M, Organic semiconductors for optoelectronics, Ed by Naito H, Wiley (2021).

  • Qiao X, Xiao S, Yuan P, Yang D & Ma D, Front Optoelectron, 15 (2022) 11.

  • Xu Y, Benwadih M, Gwoziecki R, Coppard R, Minari T, Liu C, Tsukagoshi K, Chroboczek J, Balestra F & Ghibaudo G, J Appl Phys, 110 (2011) 104513.

  • Martens H C F, Huiberts J N & Blom P W M, Appl Phys Lett, 77 (2000) 1852.

  • Redecker M, Bradley D D C, Inbasekaran M & Woo E P, Appl Phys Lett, 73 (1998) 1565.

  • Nikitenko V R, Arkhipov V I, Tak Y H, Pommerehne J, Bassler H & Horhold H H, J Appl Phys, 81 (1997) 7514.

  • Wang J, Sun R G, Yu G & Heeger A J, J Appl Phys, 91 (2002) 2417.

  • Marai F, Romdhane S, Romdhane A, Bourguigua R, Loussaief N, Fave J L, Majdoub M & Bouchriha H, Synth Mater, 114 (2000) 255.

  • Kumar P, Misra A, Bhardwaj R,Kamalasanan M N, Jain S C, Chand S & Tandon R P, Displays J, 29 (2008) 351.

  • Chan J, Rakic A D, Kwong C Y, Liu Z T, Djurišic A B, Majewski M L, Chan W K & Chui P C, Smart Mater Struct, 15 (2005) S92.

  • Tse S C, Tsang S W & So S K, J Appl Phys, 100 (2006) 063708.

  • Hiramoto M, Koyama K, Nakayama K & Yokoyama M, Appl Phys Lett, 76 (2000) 1336.

  • Kumar A, Srivastava R, Tyagi P, Mehta D S & Kamalasanan M N, J Appl Phys, 109 (2011) 114511.


Abstract Views: 66

PDF Views: 55




  • Determination of Electron Mobility in Small Molecular 1,4-di(bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum-oxy)benzene by Transient Electroluminescence

Abstract Views: 66  |  PDF Views: 55

Authors

Aparna Tripathi
Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 040, India., India
Pankaj Kumar
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, India., India

Abstract


Transient electroluminescence is an important tool to determine the charge carrier dynamics in light emitting organic semiconductors. We have used this method to determine the electron mobility in one of the important organic semiconductors 1,4-di(bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum-oxy)benzene (Alq(1)), used as emissivelayer in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). For transient electroluminescence studies, we prepared OLEDs using Alq(1) as the emitter. The OLEDs were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates using N, N’-diphenyl -N,N’- bis (3-methylphenyl)-(1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4- diamine (TPD) as hole transport layer (HTL) and lithium fluoride (LiF) as electron injecting buffer layer. The temporal evaluation of the electroluminescence (EL) was studies with respect to a voltage pulse of different amplitudes applied to the device at different temperatures. A delay was observed in the onset of EL from the device with respect to the applied voltage pulse. The EL exhibited a fast initial rise followed by tending to saturate. The EL decayed rapidly as the applied voltage became zero and the decay did not depend upon the amplitude of the applied voltage pulse. The delay time in the onset of EL with respect to the applied voltage pulse is correlated to the electron mobility in Alq(1). The electron mobility in Alq(1) calculated by transient EL method, showed strong dependency on the applied electric field and temperature at low electric fields however at quite high electric fields, the electron mobility in Alq(1) showed poor dependency on the applied electric field and temperature. This behavior of electron mobility in Alq(1) has been explained in terms of shallow charge carrier traps in Alq(1) film. The electron mobility in Alq(1) at 295 K and 2.7*10 6 V/cm, has been determined to be 5.410 -6 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , which is much higher than that in the well-studied Alq 3 .

Keywords


Organic Light Emitting Diodes, Hole Transport Layer, Transient Electroluminescence, Electron Mobility, 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivative, Soluble Small Molecule.

References