Journal of Natural Remedies

Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy ¹, Mohamed H. Shiboob ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Eco-Physiology, Plant Ecology and Range Management, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EG
2 Department of Environment, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, SA

Abstract

Genus Artemisia are desert plants spread in the Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The methanol extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia herba alba and Artemisia judaica grown in the arid zones in the Northern regions of Saudi Arabia and North Sinai, in Egypt were subjected to the primary phytochemical analysis which, showed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and sterols. The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract exhibited numerous compounds, 11 compounds were identified as phenolic compounds, ferulic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and derivatives of cinnamic acid (ethyl cinnamate). The highest phenolics content in A.herba alba grown in Saudi Arabia was observed for methyl cinnamate, (8.2 %) and the lowest methyl ferulate (0.02 %) for A. judica grown in Egypt. The quantization analysis of GC-MS revealed high amount of phenolic acid in the plant grow in Saudi Arabia than the plant collected from Egypt. The radical scavenging activities of two plant were studied by 1,1-diphenyl -2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), EC (50) values were determined for A.herba alba and A. judaica (0.122, and 0.56 mg/ml) growing in Saudi Arabia and A.herba alba and A. judaica (1.7 and 0. 67 mg/ml ) growing in Egypt. Total alkaloid content was analysed and some alkaloid compounds was identified by GC-MS, viz. dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate, pseudosolasodine diacetate and morphinan4,5epoxy3,6-diol. Certain compounds were rich in Saudi plant but not detected in plants grown in Egypt, which reflect the role of environment adaptation of plant by accumulation of only certain compounds.

Keywords

Artemisia judaica, Artemisia herba alba, Alkaloid Compounds, Antioxidant, Phenolic.

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Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy ¹, Ed-Dra Abdelaziz ², Suliman Alghanem ³, Emad Mohamed Abdallah ⁴

Affiliations
1 Ecophysiology Department, Desert Research Center, 15753, Cairo, EG
2 Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Department of Biology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, MA
3 Biology Department, Tabouk University, SA
4 Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Sciences and Arts, Qassim University, Al-Rass, SA

Abstract

Background and Objective: Some species from genus Artemisia were used in ancient medicine since Pharaonic civilization, most species of this genus are grown in arid or desert zones in Egypt. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the essential oils of three species of Artemisia (Artemisia sieberi, Artemisia judaica and Artemisia monosperma) grown in Egypt. Materials and Methods: Chemical constituent of the essential oils of these species were analysed by GC-MS, antibacterial activities were carried out using disc-diffusion test and antioxidant properties were investigated with Iron, Fe (III) to Fe (II) reduction and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Results: The results of chemical analysis revealed similarity between the three species in 20 compounds, the major compounds identified in essential oils were verbenol, (7.5 % and 11.51%) in A. sieberi and A. monosperma, β-caryophyllene oxide (1.25 % – 0.78%) and Methyl jasmonate (0.9 % and 1.21 %) in A. sieberi and A. judaica, respectively. While the major compound in A. judaica was Lilac alcohol C (9.6%) and camphor (4.5%). The antibacterial investigation exhibited significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy of A. monosperma and A. judaica against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Whereas, A. sieberi showed higher antibacterial efficacy against the gram-positive bacteria but weak or no effect against the Gram-negative bacteria. The results of the antioxidant investigation showed that A. sieberi present the higher reduction capacity with an IC₅₀ of 0.17 ± 0.03g/L, followed by A. judaica with an IC₅₀ of 0.58 ± 0.04g/L and A. monosperma with an IC₅₀ of 6.35 ± 0.41g/L. However, the reducing capacity of ascorbic acid and quercetin were 0.091 ± 0.002g/L and 0.026 ± 0.002g/L respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the essential oils of A. sieberi, A. judaica and A. monosperma possesses significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity, which attributed to the plenty of varied chemical compounds in these medicinal plants.

Keywords

Artemisia judaica, Artemisia monosperma, Artemisia sieberi, Disc Diffusion, Essential Oils, Radical Scavenging.

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