Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Prasad, Ajit
- Strategy as "inferior" Choice
Abstract Views :298 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 S P Jain Institute of Management & Research Munshi Nagar, Dadabhai Road, Andheri (W) Mumbai, IN
1 S P Jain Institute of Management & Research Munshi Nagar, Dadabhai Road, Andheri (W) Mumbai, IN
Source
Journal of Management Research, Vol 10, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 15-24Abstract
The article develops on the seminal work of Porter (1996) and in its five sections looks at the meaning of strategy as divorced from operational efficiency. It dwells of the extension of Lionel Robbins work (1932) on the concept of trade-offs and choice. Subsequent sections look at the managerial obsession with growth, strategy as positioning and how wrong choices emerge when the focus is on OE rather than the risks associated with strategy. The article also discusses the approach of strategy as Nash Equilibrium and the understanding of strategy as inferior choice.Keywords
Strategy, Nash Equilibrium, Inferior Choice, Operational Efficiency, Sustainable Fit
References
- Andrew, Kenneth (1980), The Concept of Corporate Strategy, Irwin.
- Ansoff, H. I. (1965), Corporate Strategy, McGraw Hill, New York.
- Brandenburger, A. M. and Nalebuff, B. (1995), The Right Game: Using game Theory to Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review (July-Aug).
- Brian Arthur, W. (1996), Increasing Returns and the New World of Business, Harvard Business Review, (July-Aug).
- Dobb, Maurice, (1955), On Economic Theory and Socialism, Chapter IIIc, Rutledge & Kagan Paul Ltd, London.
- Drucker, P. (1994), The Theory of Business, Harvard Business Review, (Sept-Oct).
- Durkhiem, E. (1893), The Division of Labor in Society (Translated by W D Hall), Palgrave Macmillian (repriint, 1984).
- Hamel, G. (1996), Strategy as Revolution, Harvard Business Review, (July-Aug).
- Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1989), Strategic Intent, Harvard Business Review, (May-June).
- Hendrix, Jimi and Zimmerman, Robert (1968), All Along the Watch Tower, CBS.
- Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2010), Exploring Corporate Strategy, Pearson Education.
- Kant, Immanuel (1781), A Critique of Pure Reason, Cambridge University Press (reprint, 1999).
- Marshall, Alfred (1876), Principles of Economics, Prometheus Books (reprint, 1997).
- Mintzberg, H. and Quinn, J. B. (1996), The Strategy Process Concepts Context and Cases (3rd Ed), Prentice Hall.
- Nash, John (1950), Equilibrium Points in N-Person Games, Proceedings of NAS.
- Peters, T. and Waterman, R. H. (1982), In Search of Excellence, Harper & Row.
- Porter, M. E. (1996), What is Strategy?, Harvard Business Review, (Nov-Dec).
- Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, G. (1990), The Core Competence of the Corporation, Harvard Business Review, (May-June): 97-90
- Rawls, J. (1971), A Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press.
- Robbins, Lionel (1932), An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, Macmillan, London.
- Russel, Bertrand (1930), Power, Routledge (reprint 1995).
- Sen, A. (1993), Markets and Freedom: Achievements and Limitations of the Market Mechanism in Promoting Individual Freedoms,
- Oxford Economic Papers, 45(4): 519-541.
- Smith, Adam (1776), The Wealth of Nations, Penguin (reprint 1982).
- Smith, Craig (1994), The New Corporate Philanthropy, Harvard Business Review, (May-June).
- Walras, Leon (1874), Elements of Pure Economics (Translated by W. Jaffe), George Allen and Unwin, London (reprint, 1954).
- The Impact of Non-market Forces on Competitive Positioning
Abstract Views :390 |
PDF Views:5
Authors
Affiliations
1 SP Jain Institute of Management & Research DN Road, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400058, IN
1 SP Jain Institute of Management & Research DN Road, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400058, IN
Source
Journal of Management Research, Vol 11, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 131-137Abstract
In 1980 Michael E Porter gave us the 5 forces model for analyzing industry attractiveness. These forces have their own individual determinants, but being behaviorally determined, they are obviously subject to the history and culture of the social fabric in which they operate. The paper looks at each of the forces and isolates non market influences like history, religion and culture that have influenced the competitive positioning of firms in specific markets. The instances discussed are obviously not completely exhaustive in their determination of the competitive positioning, but suggest a methodology that may be adopted for looking at the international attractiveness of foreign markets. It may thus be used to support and verify market entry decisions for MNCs.Keywords
Competition, Industry Analysis, Culture, ReligionReferences
- Appiah, K. A. and Gates, H. L. (1999), A Dictionary of Global Culture, Penguin.
- Collins, Larry and Lapierre, Domonique (1978), Freedom at Midnight, Bell Books.
- Encyclopedia Britannica (1994), Relevant Sections.
- Holfstede, G. (1984), Culture’s Consequences, Sage.
- Lee, K. (1999), Corporate Governance and Growth in Korean Chaebols, SNU.
- Leitzel, Jim (1995), Russian Economic Reform, Routledge.
- Levitt, Theodore (1980), Marketing Success through Differentiation, Harvard Business Review.
- Orwell, George (1977), 1984, Signet Classic, Penguin.
- Porter, M. E. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Harvard Business Review.
- Porter, M. E. (1980), How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review.
- Rawls, J. (1973), A Theory of Justice, Oxford.
- Spear, Percival, (1995), The Oxford History of India, Oxford.
- Weber, Max (1992), The Protestant Ethic and the Sprit of Capitalism, Harper Collins.
- Market Entry Decisions
Abstract Views :264 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 International Management Institute New Delhi
1 International Management Institute New Delhi
Source
Journal of Management Research, Vol 6, No 3 (2006), Pagination: 137-144Abstract
Entry into international markets involves several levels of risks. These are political, economic and non- systemic (specific) risks of industry and positioning. Success in international business depends upon controlling and reducing these risks. The international experience of controlling these risks is not satisfactory. Companies, that have been very successful in the national market, stumble in the international markets. This paper first looks at the theory of risk management across different levels, and then looks at empirical validation across stylized facts by analyzing the success and failure of 12 MNCs operating in the post liberalization era of the Indian Economy.Keywords
Market Entry Decisions, International Strategy, Economic Risk AnalysisReferences
- Ansoff, H I (1965), Corporate Strategy, McGraw Hill, New York.
- Brandenburger, A.M., and Nalebuff, B. (1995), The Right Game: Using Game Theory to Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review (July-Aug).
- Brian Arthur, W. (1996), Increasing Returns and the New World of Business, Harvard Business Review (July-Aug).
- DeGues, Arie (1997), The Living Company, Harvard Business Review (Mar-Apr).
- Dobb, Maurice, (1955), On Economic Theory and Socialism, Chapter IIIc, Rutledge & Kagan Paul Ltd, London.
- Drucker, P. (1994), The Theory of Business, Harvard Business Review (Sept-Oct).
- Dyer, JH, Kale, P and Singh, H (2004), When to Ally and When to Acquire, Harvard Business Review (July-August).
- Gupta A K and Govindrajan , V (2000), Managing Global Expansion, Business Horizons (March-April).
- IMF (1992), Understanding the BOP Systems, IMF.
- Marshall, Alfred (1876); Principles of Economics, reprinted 1997, Prometheus Books.
- Nash, John (1950), Equilibrium Points in N-Person Games, Proceedings of NAS.
- Porter, M. E (1979), How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review (March-April).
- Porter, M E (1985), Competitive Advantage, Free Press.
- Porter, M E;( 1996), What is Strategy?, Harvard Business Review (Nov-Dec).
- Porter, M. E., (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Harvard Business Review (Mar-Apr).
- Prasad, A (2005), CSR as Nash Equilibrium, Journal of Management Research (January-April).
- Robbins, Lionel (1932), An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, Macmillan, London.
- CSR as Nash Equilibrium
Abstract Views :275 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 International Management Institute B-10, Qutub Institutional Area New Delhi 110016
1 International Management Institute B-10, Qutub Institutional Area New Delhi 110016
Source
Journal of Management Research, Vol 5, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 59-71Abstract
The concept of "strategy as choice" has been extended to the concept of "strategy as inferior choice" using the Nash Equilibrium framework. This entails the existence of an inter-temporal trade-off between investments today and returns tomorrow. It is with this approach that the activity of Corporate Social Responsibility is viewed. After first distinguishing between CS Accountability and CS Responsibility, it is argued that CSR is like any other investment decision, involving a trade-off between present cost and future benefits. This approach is expanded further to look at a model for evaluating and prioritizing the CSR activity at a corporate level, looking at the components of centrality, specificity, proactivity, voluntarism and visibility. This model has been applied for the Indian oil industry and specific recommendations have been made for firm level focus on CSR.Keywords
Strategy, CSR, Nash Equilibrium, Trade-offs, Indian Oil IndustryReferences
- Andrew, Kenneth (1980), The Concept of Corporate Strategy, Irwin.
- Ansoff, HI (1965), Corporate Strategy, McGraw Hill, New York.
- Bowie, Norman (1991), New Directions in Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Horizons (July-Aug).
- Burke, L. and Logsdon, J. M., (1996), How Corporate Social Responsibility Pays Off, Long Range Planning 29(4).
- Brandenburger, A.M. and Nalebuff, B. (1995), The Right Game: Using Game Theory to Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review (July-Aug).
- Brian Arthur,W., (1996), Increasing Returns and the New World of Business, Harvard Business Review (July-Aug).
- DeGues, Arie (1997), The Living Company, Harvard Business Review (Mar-Apr).
- Dobb, Maurice (1955), On Economic Theory and Socialism, Chapter IIIc, Rutledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, London.
- Drucker, P. (1994), The Theory of Business, Harvard Business Review (Sept-Oct).
- Durkhiem, E. (1893), The Division of Labour in Society, Palgrave Macmillian 1984 (Translated by W D Hall).
- Freeman, R E, and Liedtka, J. (1991), Corporate Social Responsibility: A Critical Approach, Business Horizons (July-Aug).
- Friedman, M. (1970), The Social Responsibility Of Business Is To Increase Profits, New York Times (12 Sept).
- Gandhi, M K (1939), Trusteeship, Navajeevan Trust, Ahmedabad, 1960.
- Kant, Immanuel (1781), A Critique of Pure Reason, reprint Cambridge University Press, 1999.
- L'Erang, J. (1994), Public Relations and Corporate Social Advertising, Journal of Business Ethics (13 Feb).
- L'Etang, J. (1995), Ethical Corporate Social Responsibility: A Framework for Managers, Journal of Business Ethics 14.
- Lynn, J. and Jay, A. (1986), The Complete Yes Prime Minister, BBC Books, London
- Marshall, Alfred (1876); Principles of Economics, reprint Prometheus Books, 1997.
- Mintzberg, H. and Quinn, J. B. (1996), The Strategy Process Concepts Context and Cases (3rd Edition), Prentice Hall.
- Nash, John (1950), Equilibrium Points in N-Person Games, Proceedings of NAS.
- Porter, M E ( 1996). What is Strategy?, Harvard Business Review (Nov-Dec).
- Porter, M. E. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Harvard Business Review (Mar-Apr).
- Prasad, A. (1998), CSR and the Indian Petroleum Industry, in Hazirika, Anjali (ed), CSR and the Oil Industry : Global Experiences, pp 126-148, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
- Rawls, J. (1971), A Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press.
- Robbins, Lionel (1932), An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, Macmillan, London.
- Russel, Bertrand (1930), Power, reprint Routledge, 1995.
- Smith, Adam (1776), The Wealth of Nations, reprint Penguin, 1982.
- Smith, Craig, (1994), The New Corporate Philanthropy, Harvard Business Review (May-June).
- Walras, Leon (1874), Elements of Pure Economics, reprinted George Allen and Unwin, London, 1954, (Translated by W Jaffe).
- The Oxymoron that is 'Business Ethics'
Abstract Views :416 |
PDF Views:11
Authors
Ajit Prasad
1,
Rajiv Agarwal
1
Affiliations
1 S P Jain Institute of Management & Research, Bhavan College Campus Andheri (West), Mumbai 400058, IN
1 S P Jain Institute of Management & Research, Bhavan College Campus Andheri (West), Mumbai 400058, IN
Source
Journal of Management Research, Vol 15, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 13-22Abstract
The process of capitalism has again come under scrutiny. Working under the basic assumption that the divergences between the "creators" of value in an industrial organization are different from the "appropriators" of value, certain factors come out in the moral and ethical framework of society. The paper argues in its seven propositions that perhaps the basic inequities in today's society are the result of fundamental flaws in the concept of capitalism as we understand it today. This would range from the choice of technology, separation of labor from the means of production, the problems of price and value, the application of CSR, and of course the use of strategy itself to gain market share and to increase profitability. Some suggestions are made on the way forward to resolve this imbroglio.Keywords
Capitalism, Ethics, Contradictions, Business Models.References
- Badaracco J. L. and Webb, A. P. (1995), Business Ethics: A View from the Trenches, California Management Review, 37(2): 8-28.
- Becker, G. (1992), An Economic Approach to Human Behavior, Nobel Prize Lecture, Published by Brookings, 1996.
- Burke, L. and Logsdon, J. M. (1996), How Corporate Social Responsibility Pays Off, Long Range Planning, 29(4): 495-502.
- Dobb, Maurice (1955), On Economic Theory and Socialism, Chapter IIIc, Rutledge & Kagan Paul Ltd, London.
- Drucker, P. (1954), The Practice of Management, Reissue Edition (October 3, 2006), pp. 37, Harper Business.
- Drucker, P. (1973), Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices, Reprint Edition (1993), pp. 39, Harper & Row Management Library, Harper Business.
- Drucker, P. (1994), The Theory of Business, Harvard Business Review, Sept-Oct: 95-104.
- Friedman, M. (1970), The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profits, The New York Times Magazine, September 12.
- Gandhi, M. K. (1960), Trusteeship, Navajeevan Trust, Ahmedabad.
- Hicks, J. R. (1963), The Theory of Wages (2nd Ed), Macmillan, London.
- Kaldor, N. (1934), A Classificatory Note on the Determination of Equilibrium, Review of Economic Studies, 1 (February): 122-36.
- Lange, O. (1935), Marxian Economics and Modern Theory, Review of Economic Studies, 2(3): 189-201.
- Levitt, T. (1958), The Danger of Social Responsibility, Harvard Business Review, Sept-Oct: 41-50.
- Levitt, T. (1980), Marketing Success through Differentiation…of anything, Harvard Business Review, Jan-Feb: 83-91.
- Little, I. M. D. and Mirlees, J. A. (1974) Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries, Basic Books, New York.
- Marshall, Alfred (1890), Principles of Economics (Revised Ed) Macmillan. Reprinted by Prometheus Books (1997).
- Marx, Karl (1867), Capital, Volume 1, Penguin Books, New York (1976).
- Piketty, T. (2014), Capital in the Twenty-First Century, The Bleknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, USA.
- Porter, M. E. (1979), How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, March-April: 137-145.
- Prasad, A. (2005), CSR as Nash Equilibrium, Journal of Management Research, 5(2), 59-71.
- Prasad, A. (2010), Strategy as “Inferior” Choice, Journal of Management Research, 10(1), 15-24.
- Robbins, L. (1932), The Subject Matter Of Economics: An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, Macmillan & Co.,London.
- Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1942), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Routledge, London.
- Sen, A. K. (1962), The Choice of Techniques, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
- Titmuss, R. (1971), The Gift Of Blood, Society, 8(3): 18-26.
- Toynbee, A. J. (1953), The World and the West, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Vieta, Marco (2010), The New Cooperativism, Affinities: A Journal of Radical Theory, Culture, and Action, 4(1): ??-??.
- Weber, Max (1905), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Merchant Books (2013).
- Weber, Max (1947), The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, The Free Press, New York.
- Mr. Porter and the New World of Increasing Returns to Scale
Abstract Views :774 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Ajit Prasad
1,
Lekha Warrier
2
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Management, Prabandh Nagar, Lucknow 226013, IN
2 S P Jain Institute of Management, Mumbai 400058, IN
1 Indian Institute of Management, Prabandh Nagar, Lucknow 226013, IN
2 S P Jain Institute of Management, Mumbai 400058, IN
Source
Journal of Management Research, Vol 16, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 3-15Abstract
This paper endeavours to espouse a nonconformist stance to the classic economic assumptions of Constant and Decreasing Returns to Scale, and explores the world of Increasing Returns to Scale, within the realms of Strategic Management. It seeks to study Michael Porter's Five Forces Model under the latter assumption which apparently embodies the contemporary internet age and global technological evolution, and juxtaposes it with traditional assumptions. Under refreshed circumstances, the paper attempts to establish how a technology supporting Increasing Returns favourably influences the five forces, providing fillip to a firm's competitive positioning, thereby offering it a substantial strategic advantage over peers.Keywords
5 Forces Model, Porter, IRS, Technology, Competitiveness.References
- Ajit Prasad is Director at Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow; the paper was written during his stay at SP Jain Institute of Management, Mumbai. The usual organizational disclaimer applies. The author is grateful to contributions made by the student community group in general, and Ms H Pavitra (PGP student at IIM Raipur) in particular, for an earlier draft.
- It may also be interesting to reflect on Houthakker (1955) work on the aggregation of the Leontief type production function with zero elasticities of substitution, results through a large sample aggregation into the Cobb Douglas type production function with built in non-zero elasticities.
- Grove, Andrew, Only the Paranoid Survive (New York: Crown Business, reprint edition 1999) has attempted to introduce a sixth force, that of the complementors, which are factors / institutions outside the industry, yet have the power to alter the forces within the industry; Government is one such factor.
- A production function (initially proposed by Knut Wicksell) statistically tested by Charles Cobb and Paul Douglas in 1928, widely used to represent the relationship between output and inputs. The model assumes a simple economy with only two factor inputs – labour and capital invested.
- The firm, while trying to reduce the per unit cost and utilize the efficiencies, would want to aim for higher output (not necessarily the same level or a level that fully utilizes the inputs required previously at a lower level) and thus require higher levels of inputs.
- One of the four growth strategies propounded by Igor Ansoff (1957), projected across a 2-by-2 matrix popularly known as the ‘Ansoff ’s Matrix’, which aids managers in deciding on avenues for growth through products and markets (both existing and new), by assessing the subjective risks and returns attributable to each approach. Other three strategies are Market Extension, Product Development, and Product Diversification.
- Schwartz, Ephraim, “Wal-Mart promises RFID will benefit suppliers,” Infoworld, June 17, 2004, http://www.infoworld.com/t/data-management/wal-mart-promises-rfid-will-benefit-suppliers-160, accessed May 2014.
- Malviya, Sagar, “Ghari moves out Wheel to be No 1 in laundry market,” The Economic Times, January 10, 2012, http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-10/news/30611850_1_bimal-kumar-gyanchandani-ghari-laundry-market, accessed May 2014.
- It is a popular notion that for improving their spoken/written English, people should be habitual of reading editorials of The Hindu.
- Prasad, Ajit, “The Technology Strategy Nexus,” Management Review, IIM Bangalore, 2006.
- Grove, Andrew, Only the Paranoid Survive (New York: Crown Business, reprint edition 1999)
- Ansoff, H. Igor (1975), Strategies for Diversification, Harvard Business Review, (Sept-Oct): 113–124.
- Arthur, W. Brian, (1996), Increasing Returns and the New World of Business, Harvard Business Review (July-August): 100–109.
- Deans, G. K., et al (2002), The Consolidation Curve, Harvard Business Review, (December): 20–21
- Dixit, Avinash K. and Barry, J. Nalebuff (1993), Thinking Strategically: The Competitive Edge in Business, Politics, and Everyday Life, W. W. Norton & Company, New York.
- Douglas, Paul and Cobb, Charles (1928), Theory of Production, American Economic Review, 18 (supplement): 139–165.
- Grove, Andrew (1999), Only the Paranoid Survive, Crown Business, New York.
- Hicks, John (1946), Value and Capital: An Inquiry into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
- Houthakker, H. S. (1955), The Pareto Distribution and the Cobb–Douglas Production Function in Activity Analysis, The Review of Economic Studies, 23(1): 27–31
- Intriligator, Michael D. (2002), Mathematical Optimization and Economic Theory, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA.
- Marshall, Alfred (1890), Principles of Economics (Revised Edition) Macmillan, reprinted by Prometheus Books in 1997.
- Piketty, Thomas (2014), Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Harvard University Press, Boston.
- Pindyck, Robert S. et al (2013), Microeconomics, Pearson Education.
- Porter, Michael, (2008), How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review (January): 78–93.
- Prasad, A. (2006), The Technology Strategy Nexus, Management Review, (December): 365–373.
- Robbins, L. (1932), The Subject Matter Of Economics. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, Macmillan & Co., London.
- Robertson, Dennis H. (1915), A Study of Industrial Fluctuations, P S King & Son, Westminister, London.
- Wicksell, Knut (1954), Value, Capital and Rent, George Allen & Unwin, reprint through A M Kelly, New York in 1970.