A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Sreedevi, B.
- Induction of Defense Enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum Treated Groundnut Plants against Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors
1 Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 33–39Abstract
Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum isolated from the rhizosphere of groundnut was determined in vitro. T. harzianum decreased the ischolar_main rot incidence in vivo. Potential of T. harzianum to induce systemic resistance was tested in groundnut against Macrophomina phaseolina. Biochemical changes in T. harzianum treated plants, M. phaseolina inoculated plants and healthy plants were assayed at different stages of infection. Treatment with T. harzianum and challenge inoculation of M. phaseolina enhanced induction of defense enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and defense compounds like total phenol and ortho-dihydric phenol. Total phenols, ortho-dihydric phenols, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities increased at different stages of infection. T. harizanum treatment along with challenge inoculation of the pathogen significantly increased the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase by about 28.2 % and 95.5%, respectively, in ischolar_mains at stage 2 compared to untreated plants. Increased levels of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were induced in ischolar_main and shoot of treated plants indicating the systemic protection offered to groundnut by T. harzianum. The observations revealed that T. harzianum was capable of inducing systemic resistance against M. phaseolina by eliciting the production of defense enzymes.Keywords
Trichoderma harzianum, Macrophomina phaseolina,Total Phenols, Ortho-Dihydric Phenols, Peroxidase, Polyphenol Oxidase, Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR).References
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- Effect of Herbicides on Feeding, Survival and Development of Haltica cyanea, a Biocontrol Agent of Dicot Weed, Ammania baccifera L. in Rice Ecosystem
Authors
1 ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 117-121Abstract
Ammania baccifera L. (Fam: Lathyraceae) is one of the predominant weeds in paddy fields. In nature, the adults and grubs of Haltica cyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) feed varaciously on the leaves of this weed leading to drying of the plants. In recent times with the gradual change in cultivation practices and increase in labour shortage the use of weedicides in rice ecosystem has increased tremendously. In an endeavour to explore the possibility of the use of these beetles as biocontrol agents, laboratory studies were carried out at ICAR-IIRR to compare the efficacy of H. cyanea as a biocontrol agent in comparison with the two recommended herbicides and also study the effect of these herbicides on the biology of the beetle. The two recommended herbicides, 2,4-D Na salt 80% (for broadleaved weeds) @800g a.i/ha and Metsulfuron methyl 10% + chlorimuron ethyl 10% WP (for broadleaved and sedges) @4ga.i/ha were tested against A. baccifera and the larval stages of H. cyanea. The effect of these herbicides on survival, feeding, longevity and biology of the bioagent was studied through leaf dip and pot spray method. It was observed that there was 21.67% reduction in shoot weight in beetle released plants as compared to herbicide treatment wherein 38.5-49.3% reduction in shoot weight was observed within 48h. Both the herbicides affected the biology of the insect and between the two herbicides, 2,4-D Na salt was more toxic to the grubs as compared to Metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl.
Keywords
Ammania baccifera, Biocontrol Agent, Haltica cyanea (=Alticacyanea), Herbicides, Weed Control Efficiency.References
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