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Bhumannavar, B. S.

Classical Biological Control Initiatives for the Impending Invasive Pests of India

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Authors

A. N. Shylesha ¹, B. S. Bhumannavar ¹, N. K. Krishna Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (ICAR), H. A. Farm P.O. Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 7-30

Abstract

Invasive insect pests, diseases and weeds caused extensive damage to several crops in India. Recent insect invasives include Heteropsylla cubana Crawford, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink and Leptocybe invasa Fisher and La Salle. Classical biological control through the introduction of parasitoids from the native range of the invasives have shown tremendous control of P. marginatus and L. invasa. An assessment was made on the possibilities of invasion by several insect pests and the weeds. The Madeira mealy bug, Phenacoccus madirensis Green; cassava mealy bug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr.; coconut leaf beetle, Brontispa longissima Gestro; giant whitefly, Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell; tomato pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella (Walshingham); eucalyptus leaf gall, Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead); Quince borer Coryphodema tristis Drury; sunflower maggot, Strauzia longipennis and light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana are to name a few, who pose threat to Indian agriculture. The classical biological control options available for the management of these pests are discussed in case of the invasions.

Keywords

Classical Biological Control, Invasive Pests and Quarantine.

Full Text

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Field Release and Impact of Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera:Tephritidae) on Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson

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Authors

B. S. Bhumannavar ¹, S. Ramani ¹, S. K. Rajeshwari ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 59-64

Abstract

Field release of the gall fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) introduced from Indonesia into India in 2002 was made on naturally growing C. odorata (L.) King and Robinson at two locations in Bangalore during July-October, 2005 using different field release methods. Following establishment, the gall fly was observed lo spread to a distance of one kilometer at GKVK and two kilometer at Tataguni village in northeastern direction by the end of second year after release. The gall numbers encountered by an individual in ten minutes, search steadily increased from 2.5 to 98.3 at GKVK and from 1.6 to 156 at Tataguni village. There was 11.61 and 16.72 per cent reduction in plant height. 30 and 60 days after oviposition in galled plants over control. There was significant reduction in number of branches per plant (35.62%), number of panicles per plant (45.43%), number of capitula per panicle (12.07%) and number of seeds per head (10.89%) in galled plants over control in individual oviposition method. In mass cage method, 40.84, 36.48 and 55.42 per cent reduction in plant height, 30, 60 and 120 days after oviposition in galled plants over control was recorded. There was significant reduction in number of branches per plant (65.56%), number of panicles per plant (48.44%) and number of capitula per panicle (58.98%) in galled plants over control.

Keywords

Cecidochares connexa, Chromolaena odorata, Establishment, Field Release, Impact.

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Host-Specificity and Biology of Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera:Tephritidae) Introduced into India for the Biological Suppression of Chromolaena odorata (Linnaeus) King&Robinson

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Authors

B. S. Bhumannavar ¹, S. Ramani ¹, S. K. Rajeshwari ¹, B. K. Chaubey ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag no. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 2 (2004), Pagination: 111-120

Abstract

Chromolaena odorata (Linnaeus) King and Robinson is a native or tropical America and has become a serious invasive weed in the wet/dry tropics of Western India. Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera:Tephritidae) was introduced from Indonesia into India in 2002 for the biological suppression or the weed. A pure culture of the tephritid was established on C. odorata and the biology studied. Eggs were laid inside unopened new leaf buds. The egg incubation period was 5.65±0.67 days. The gall was visible 15 days after oviposition and in 43.95±4.7 days, formation of windows could be seen indicating complete larval development. One to eight larvae were found in each gall. The total developmental period from egg to adult was 64.85±5.12 days. The adults emerged through the windows and peak emergence (70.4%) was at 1000 hours. Adults were active from 0800 to 1400 hours and mated on the day of emergence. Each female on an average laid 81.12±34.03 eggs and the oviposition period varied from 7 to 12 days. Host'specificity tests carried out under quarantine conditions on 7S host plant species belonging to 29 families revealed that the gall fly is capable of feeding and reproducing only on C. odorata.

Keywords

Biology, Cecidochares collnexa, Chromolaena odorata, Host-Specificity Tests.

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Rearing Techniques for Three Species of Othreis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their Ectoparasitoid, Euplectrus maternus Bhatnagar (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Seasonal Incidence and Extent of Parasitization of Fruit Piercing Moths of the Genus Othreis(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Authors

B. S. Bhumannavar ¹, C. A. Viraktamath ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 31-38

Abstract

Four egg and three larval parasitoids were recorded on Othreis spp. Mean per cent parasitization of eggs of Othreis by Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Telenomus sp. during 1998 was 21.45±27.45 (range 0-80 %) and 6.57±11.56 (range 0-50 %) and during 1999 was 50.40±34.08 (range 0-100 %) and 4.93±8.99 (range 0-31.9 %), respectively. Parasitisation by egg parasitoids, Ooencyrius papilionis Ashmead and Anastatus sp., was negligible. In nature. Euplectrus indicus Ferriere parasitised the fifth instar larvae of O. materna whereas E. maternus Bhatnagar parasitised first to third instars of O. materna, O. fullonia and O. homaena. Mean per cent parasitization ofO. materna, O. fullonia and O. homaena larvae by E. maternus was 20.7±10.9 (range 0-30 per cent), 19.46±18.71 (range 0-50 per cent) and 1.66±3.33 (range 0-8.33 per cent), respectively in the field. In the laboratory, E. indicus parasitized fourth or fifth instar caterpillars of Othreis and laid 38-97 eggs on the dorsum in between posterior eye spots on the third abdominal segment of the host. The parasitoid paralysed the host before oviposition. Total development from egg to adult emergence took 15 -17 days. The tachinid, Winthemia sp. parasitized only the fifth instar of O. materna. Eggs were laid on the lateral side of prothorax. On hatching, the maggots directly entered the host body by cutting the skin just below the egg attachment. The maggot development continued until the host caterpillar pupated. Full grown larvae came out from the host pupa through a hole and pupated either in soil or in leaf debris. Both E. maternus and Winthemia sp. have the potential for the suppression of population of species of Othreis.

Keywords

Euplectrus indicus, Fruit Piercing Moth, Othreis Telenomus Sp. Trichogramma chilonis, Winthemia.

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Life Table of the Mexican Beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on Parthenium and Sunflower

Food Consumption and Utilization by the Mexican Beetle, Zygogramlna bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) on Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus

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Journal of Biological Control

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Bhumannavar, B. S.

Classical Biological Control Initiatives for the Impending Invasive Pests of India

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Field Release and Impact of Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera:Tephritidae) on Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson

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Host-Specificity and Biology of Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera:Tephritidae) Introduced into India for the Biological Suppression of Chromolaena odorata (Linnaeus) King&Robinson

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Rearing Techniques for Three Species of Othreis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their Ectoparasitoid, Euplectrus maternus Bhatnagar (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

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Seasonal Incidence and Extent of Parasitization of Fruit Piercing Moths of the Genus Othreis(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Life Table of the Mexican Beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on Parthenium and Sunflower

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Food Consumption and Utilization by the Mexican Beetle, Zygogramlna bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) on Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus

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A Semi-Synthetic Larval Diet for Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae)

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