Journal of Biological Control

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Factors influencing the incidence of basal stem rot and blight disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in vegetable cowpea and its management using botanicals


Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram – 695522, Kerala, India
2 Integrated Farming System Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram – 695002, Kerala, India
 

Basal stem rot and blight disease incited by Sclerotium rolfsii resulted in significant crop loss in vegetable cowpea. Among the different levels of pH tested under in vitro conditions, pH 6.0 was revealed to be optimum for the mycelial growth, whereas pH 7.0 supported maximum sclerotia formation. Soil moisture of 35 to 50 per cent was ideal for early disease expression and establishment. A minimum level of two per cent fungal inoculum multiplied in sand oats medium resulted in complete disease incidence. Among the botanicals tested in vitro, garlic bulb extract (1%) and garlic creeper leaf extract (5%) revealed cent per cent inhibition of mycelial growth and sclerotia formation of the fungus. Both the extracts also inhibited the mycelial regeneration from sclerotia. Thus, garlic bulb and garlic creeper were revealed to be potent botanicals which can be used as effective alternatives to soil fumigants for the management of S. rolfsii.

Keywords

Basal stem rot and blight, garlic bulb, garlic creeper, Sclerotium rolfsii
User
Notifications

  • Aswini D, Prabakar K, Rajendran L, Karthikeyan G, Raguchander T. 2010. Efficacy of new EC formulation derived from garlic creeper (Adenocalymma alliaceum Miers.) against anthracnose and stem end rot diseases of mango. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Dec 19; 26: 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0277-y

  • Beut MK, Rodriguez-Kabana R. 1981. Effects of soil moisture, temperature and field environment on survival of Sclerotium rolfsii in Alabama and North Carolina. Phytopathol. 71(12): 1293–1296.

  • Billah MK, Billai Md H, Mahamud HP, Parvez SM. 2017. Pathogenicity test of Sclerotium rolfsii on different host and its over wintering survival. Int. Gen. Adv. Agric. Sci. 2(7): 1–6.

  • Charron C, Sams CE. 1999. Inhibition of Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani by shredded leaves of Brassica species. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 124(5): 462–467. https:// doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.124.5.462

  • Chaturvedi R, Dikshit A, Dixit SN. 1987. Adenocalymma alliacea, a new source of a natural fungitoxicant. Trop. Agric. 64: 150–155.

  • Chaurasia AK, Chaurasia S, Chaurasia S, Chaurasia S. 2014. In vitro efficacy of fungicides against the growth of footrot pathogen (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of brinjal. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 3(12): 477–485. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12200

  • Girijashankar V, Thayumanavan B. 2005. Evaluation of Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts for their in vitro fungitoxicity against certain soilborne pathogens. Indian J. Plant Prot. 33(1):111–114.

  • Gisi U, Binder H, Rimbach E. 1985. Synergistic interactions of fungicides with different modes of action. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 85(2): 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0007-1536(85)80192-3

  • Jadesha G, Haller H, Noorulla H, Mondhe MK, Hubballi M, Prakasam V. 2013. Antifungal activity of zimmu and garlic creeper against Colletotrichum musae causing banana anthracnose disease. J. Plant Dis. Sci. 8(1): 43–46.

  • Kwon JH, Park CS. 2002. Stem rot of tomato caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea. Mycobiol. 30(4): 244–246. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2002.30.4.244

  • Mahato A, Mondal B, Dhakre DS, Khatua DC. 2011. In vitro sensitivity of Sclerotium rolfsii towards some fungicides and botanicals. Scholars Acad. J. Biosci. 2(7):467–471.

  • Maiti S, Sen C. 1988. Effect of moisture and temperature on the survival of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii in soil. J. Phytopathol. 121: 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1988.tb00969.x

  • Muthukumar A, Venkatesh A. 2013. Occurrence, virulence, inoculum density and plant age of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing collar rot of peppermint. J. Plant Pathol. Microbiol. 4: 211. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7471.1000211

  • Nene YL, Thapliyal PN. 1993. Fungicides in plant disease control. New York: International Science Publisher.

  • Ohazurike NC. 1996. Effect of some fungicides on extracellular enzymes of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Food 40(3):150– 153. https://doi.org/10.1002/food.19960400312

  • Okabe I, Arakawa M, Matsumoto N. 2001. ITS polymorphism within a single strain of Sclerotium rolfsii. Mycoscience 42(1): 107–113. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/BF02463983

  • Pande S, Rao JN, Reddy MV, Mc Donald D. 1994. Development of a greenhouse screening technique for stem rot resistance in groundnut. Int. Arachis Newsl. 14: 23–24.

  • Prasad P, Kumar J, Pandey S. 2018. Investigating disease controlling ability of brassica volatiles and their compatibility with Trichoderma harzianum. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 88(3): 887–896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0829-5

  • Punja ZK. 1985. The biology, ecology, and control of Sclerotium rolfsii. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 23(1): 97–127. https:// doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.23.090185.000525

  • Rangaswami G. 1958. An agar block technique for isolating soil microorganisms with special reference to Pythiaceous fungi. Sci. Cult. 24: 85.

  • Roy A, Bordoloi DK, Paul SR. 2013. Reaction of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes to fruit rot under field condition. MPKV. Res. J. 22: 475–478

  • Sharma BK, Singh UP, Singh KP. 2002. Variability of Indian isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii. Mycologia 946:1051– 1058. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.118331 60

  • Slusarenko AJ, Patel A, Portz D. 2008. Control of plant diseases by natural products: Allicin from garlic as a case study. In Sustainable disease management in a European context. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 121: 313–322.

  • https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9232-7

  • Sravani B, Chandra R. 2020. Influence of media, pH and temperature on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing collar rot of chickpea. J. Pharmacogn Phytochem. 9(1): 174–178.

  • Sugha SK, Sharma BK, Tyagi, PD. 1993. Factors affecting development of collar rot of gram (Cicer arietinum) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Indian J. Agri. Sci. 63: 382–385.

  • Tanimu MU, Mohammed IU, Muhammad A, Kwaifa NM. 2018. Response of Cowpea Varieties to Basal Stem Rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) Disease in southern guinea savanna, Nigeria. Equity J. Sci. Technol. 5(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.19080/ARTOAJ.2018.15.555963

  • Tarafdar A, Rani TS, Chandran US, Ghosh R, Chobe DR, Sharma M. 2018. Exploring combined effect of abiotic (soil moisture) and biotic (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) stress on collar rot development in chickpea. Frontiers plant sci. 9: 1154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01154

  • Thiribhuvanamala G, Rajeshwari E, Doraiswamy S, Doraiswamy S. 2000. Inoculum levels of Sclerotium rolfsii on the stem rot in tomato. Madras Agri. J. 86: 334.

  • Vincent JM. 1947. Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature. 159(4051): 850– 850. https://doi.org/10.1038/159850b0

  • Yaqub F, Shahzad S. 2005. Pathogencity of Sclerotium rolfsii on different crops and effect of inoculum density on colonization of mungbean and sunflower ischolar_mains. Pakist. J. Bot. 37(1):175–180.

  • Yaqub F, Shahzad, S. 2006. Effect of fungicides on in vitro growth of Sclerotium rolfsii. Pakist. J. Bot. 38(3): 881.

  • Zape AS, Gade RM, Singh R. 2013. Physiological studies on different media, pH and temperature on Sclerotium rolfsii isolates of soybean. Scholarly J. Agric. Sci. 2(6): 238–241.

  • Zoghbi MDGB, Ramos LS, Maia JGS, Da Silva ML, Luz AIR. 1984. Volatile sulfides of the Amazonian garlic bush. J. Agric. food chem. 32(5): 1009–1010. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00125a014


Abstract Views: 239

PDF Views: 138




  • Factors influencing the incidence of basal stem rot and blight disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in vegetable cowpea and its management using botanicals

Abstract Views: 239  |  PDF Views: 138

Authors

Sri P. T.
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram – 695522, Kerala, India
Sajeena A.
Integrated Farming System Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram – 695002, Kerala, India
Johnson J. M.
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram – 695522, Kerala, India
John J.
Integrated Farming System Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram – 695002, Kerala, India
Radhika N. S.
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram – 695522, Kerala, India

Abstract


Basal stem rot and blight disease incited by Sclerotium rolfsii resulted in significant crop loss in vegetable cowpea. Among the different levels of pH tested under in vitro conditions, pH 6.0 was revealed to be optimum for the mycelial growth, whereas pH 7.0 supported maximum sclerotia formation. Soil moisture of 35 to 50 per cent was ideal for early disease expression and establishment. A minimum level of two per cent fungal inoculum multiplied in sand oats medium resulted in complete disease incidence. Among the botanicals tested in vitro, garlic bulb extract (1%) and garlic creeper leaf extract (5%) revealed cent per cent inhibition of mycelial growth and sclerotia formation of the fungus. Both the extracts also inhibited the mycelial regeneration from sclerotia. Thus, garlic bulb and garlic creeper were revealed to be potent botanicals which can be used as effective alternatives to soil fumigants for the management of S. rolfsii.

Keywords


Basal stem rot and blight, garlic bulb, garlic creeper, Sclerotium rolfsii

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc%2F2020%2F25599