International Journal of Education and Management Studies

Subhash Chander ¹, AP ¹

Affiliations
1 MHD Collage of Education (W), Odhan, Sirsa, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The present study aims at fmding out the differences between the arts and science students as well as in boys and girls of Sr. Sec. School Students on learning habits. For this work, a sample of 160 students was taken on purposive basis. To collect the required data, the study habit inventory prepared by Palsane and Sharma was used. The data so collected was analyzed and interpreted by using means, SD's and'f ratios. The statistical analysis of data shown in tables helped in testing the various hypotheses formulated

Keywords

Learning Habits, Students

Full Text

   

Subhash Chander ¹, Satnam Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, IN

Abstract

The concept of Panchayati Raj was developed to ensure people's participation in the Community Development Programme. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of the Gram Panchayats through 69 formal leaders. Regarding socio-economic and cultural variables and Gram Panchayats activities study reveals that age of the leader is significantly associated with maintenance, forestry and agricultural development while caste variability influenced forestry. Gender variability affected works pertaining to status of panchayat leaders also promoted activities concerning sanitation, maintenance and construction.Regional variabilities found to have conditioned administrative and water supply actions. Chairman's background also influenced water supply, administrative, construction, sanitation, agricultural and maintenance works in the sampled villages.

Keywords

Gram Panchayat, Formal Leaders, Activities, Panchayat

Full Text

   

Sunita Singh ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Gender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all spheres of life. Democratic decentralization is best bet for good governance. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state having highest and lowest female literacy status i.e. Panchkula and Mewat, respectively. Majority of respondents were of middle age, illiterate and primary school educated. Majority of them had entered in PRI for the first time and overwhelming majority had attended training at village and block level. About 80% of them were interested to know more about PRI, their roles and responsibilities and preferred village as venue of training. Majority of respondents were having no knowledge about most of structural aspects ofpanchayat. Literacy advanced area had clear and positive effect on knowledge level of elected women representatives about structural and functional activities. Younger age respondents were having high knowledge level about most of panchayat activities, structural aspects and decision making. It is suggested that efforts are required for real empowerment of rural women by bringing about an attitudinal change in both men and women.

Keywords

PRI, Gram Panchayat, Women Leaders, Women Participation, Women Empowerment

Full Text

     

Subhash Chander ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The government of India launched a family welfare programme, whose main objective was to spread the knowledge of family planning methods and to develop among the people an attitude favourable for adoption of contraceptives. The present study was conducted in a multi-caste village and a total of 200 respondents were selected to assess the knowledge and attitude of scheduled castes families towards small family norms. The main objective of the study was to find the role of age in changing the mindset of people on adoption of small family norms in the scheduled castes families. It was found that all respondents had heard about small family norms and they wanted to adopt small family norms for the reason of having only two children. Age significantly enhanced the knowledge level of respondents about small family norms. Forty per cent of the respondents were in the age group of 25-35 years. Nearly half of the respondents (45.00%) belonging to 15-25 years of age group were having moderately low level of knowledge regarding small family norms. Near about three-fifth of the respondents (56.9%) of 35-45 years age category were having neutral attitude towards small family norms. On the other hand, half of the respondents (49.5%) in the age group of 15-25 year were having small size of family (0-4). It was observed that younger age respondents were having high level of knowledge as compared to elder age category. Similarly with increasing age the attitude towards small family norms were moving toward favourableness till 45 years. It was concluded that age favourably contribute to the knowledge and attitude towards small family norms.

Keywords

Knowledge and Attitude, Small Family Norm, Family Size.

Full Text

     

Subhash Chander ¹, Jatesh Kathpalia ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, V. P. Mehta ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Agriculture Economics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Rural indebtedness has deep ischolar_mains in the country. The mounting burden of rural debt has crippled the rural economy. Agricultural strategies are mainly related to farmers with large land holdings. The facilities are not accessible to small and marginal farmers. These conditions adversely affected the small and marginal farmers as they are vulnerable to crop losses and price fall. They take loan to fulfill their agricultural and non-agricultural needs. Therefore, the issue of farmers' indebtedness becomes a matter of intense debate for whole of the country and as well as for Haryana. In this background, the present study was conducted to assess the status of farmers' indebtedness in the Southern region of Haryana State in detail. The results of the study indicate that an average amount of loan of Rs. 162087.00 was taken by respondents from institutional sources and non-institutional (Rs. 67865.00) for the purpose of agricultural and non-agricultural needs. It was suggested that respondents should be motivated for taking loan from institutional sources of loan and encouraged to adopt crop insurance scheme.

Keywords

Nature, Extent, Source, Payment Pattern and Rate of Interest.

Full Text

     

Ashok Kumar ¹, Krishan Kumar ¹, Rajesh Kumar ², Subhash Chander ³

Affiliations
1 CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 University Press, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 COA, Kaul, IN

Abstract

Extension is one of the three major mandates of the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar along with research and teaching. Krishi melas are major extension tool in transferring latest technologies to farming community for their overall welfare. It is gaining momentum over the years. A large amount of money and manpower has been involved in organizing this extension activity by the University twice every year (Rabi & Kharif). The study was conducted during Krishi melas (Rabi & Kharif) organized by Directorate of Extension Education, CCSHAU, Hisar at university campus during the year 2015-16. Randomly selected farmers (200 farmers) from the Krishi Melas were interview with the help of a well-structured interview schedule. About 17.5 per cent and 33 per cent of the respondents were fully satisfied and satisfied, respectively. Majority of the respondents (57.5 per cent) were willing to attend the next Krishi Melas. Most of the farmers suggested that latest high yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds should be available (61.50 per cent) and buzz session should be well planned with more duration (51 per cent). Many valuable suggestions were suggested by the farmers to enhance the utility of these melas as extension tool.

Keywords

Farmers Fair, Agro-Industrial Exhibition, Crop-Competition, HYV Seeds, etc.

Full Text

     

Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The declaration of human rights by united National General Assembly in December 10,1948, which represents the first global expressions of rights to which all human beings are entitled. It consists of 30 articles which have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, regional human rights, national constitutions and laws. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights from the ancient days; India has been committed to the ideals and doctrines of human rights. No discrimination is allowed or imposed in exercise of these rights. Women represent about half of total population in India, but gender biasness and gender inequality are main features of Indian society Women have been denied equal rights for centuries. The plight of women is distressing and their conditions in society are deplorable various social evils lead to deprivation of women. Crime against women is increasing day by day. The Indian constitution has guaranteed various human rights for women. In accordance to these constitutional rights, a number of legislative measures were enacted to safeguard the rights of women of both rural and urban women. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in Karnal district of Haryana state on 200 women respondents from Nardak cultural zone to study the knowledge of rural women about legislative provisions regarding Human Rights and association of socio-economic factors with level of knowledge. It was observed that Knowledge of rural women about crimes under IPC was among 46% of respondents including partial knowledge. Knowledge of respondents was found associated with age, education, occupation and mass-media exposure.

Keywords

Rural Women, Crime, Knowledge About Laws.

Full Text

     

Vijay Kumar ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

This paper investigates how socio-economic factors in rural and urban families can affect the behaviour of boys after watching television. It also explores which health problem perceive after a long period of time to be affected by watching T.V. We collected data via survey questionnaire from 100 boys of Bhiwani district of Haryana state in which 50 boys from rural and 50 boys were urban. All boys were from primary school aged between 9 to 12 years old. The majority of boy s imitate the character of hero and heroine in rural area while in urban areas majority of boys imitate the character of hero and villain. About health problem after a long period of television viewing depicted that majority of the respondents in rural and urban were feeling health problems. Socio-economic factors had significant impact of imitation of character and health problems.

Keywords

Socio-Economic Factors, Imitation of Character, Health Problem.

Full Text

     

Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Human rights represent the right of all human beings of sexes, men and women. Women represent about half of total population and gender inequality and biasness are main features of rural society. Marriage is an auspicious ceremony which unites two bodies and soul into one. It is lifelong bonding of male and female. The demand of dowry or dowry system is a deep ischolar_mained problem in our society. The dowry system is a cultural system in India in which parents of bride pay a huge sumofmoney,jewellery, gift and other household items to the parents of groom before marriage, during and after marriage. The issue of dowry problem becomes a matter of great concern for whole country as well as for Haryana where male-female ratio is at the lowest level. There is an urgent need to study the dowry problem among rural women of Haryana. The present study was undertaken with the following specific objectives: To assess the nature and extent of dowry problem and to delineate the socio-economic and cultural factors affecting the problem of dowry. It was found that maximum numbers of the respondents (40.0%) were facing medium level of problems of dowry followed by low (35.0%) and high (25.0%). Factors like age, education and socio-economic status of the respondents were found significantly associated with dowry problem. Maximum number of women hailed from young age group, middle-senior secondary, medium to high socio-economic status were facing the problem related to dowry. Majority of women who had problem of dowry were harassed by motherin- law and husband for dowry. It was concluded that main social cause for increasing the problem of dowry was greediness and dowry system which is deep ischolar_mained in our tradition.

Keywords

Dowry, Social Factors, Nature and Extent, Women.

Full Text

     

Jatesh Kathpalia ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, COBS CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Eve teasing or sexual harassment of women in public places is one of the most challenging community problems in India which inhibits liberalization of women and deprives them of basic human rights. Women faced different types of psychological problems due to eve-teasing. The WHO defines health as a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. Whether victimization is due to the behavior of an individual or small group of men or the generalized threat to all women, eve teasing has serious effect on the safety, psycho-social well-being, and human rights of women. This research paper conducts to know the nature, extent, effect and consequences of eve-teasing against rural girls. The study was conducted among 200 respondents in rural area of Kurukshetra district of Haryana state through survey method. Out of 200 respondents, 110 respondents (55.0%) faced the evil practice of eve-teasing. Respondents who faced this problem, majority of them faced it promptly at bus stand (75.45%). Common form of eve-teasing was passing remarks got first rank. Regarding psychological well-being 41.81% women felt low in personal growth. More than one-fourth of the respondents (27.27%) showed their self- confidence by verbally threatened the accused, majority of respondents (46.87%) reported irritable bowel syndrome. Majority of respondents (46.87%) reported irritable bowel syndrome as physical consequence and had anxiety (32.29%) as psychological consequences.

Keywords

Eve-Teasing, Self-Confidence, Well-Being, Physical and Psychological Consequences.

Full Text

     

Ruchi ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Agricultural farmers in Hisar and Kaithal district are facing many challenges in accessing financial services as they have limited access to financial markets. Despite the numerous reforms undertaken by the Government including financial sector reforms, many rural farmers have remained in poverty with limited capacity to access safety nets like loans to fight against hunger and disease. This paper is aiming to find out nature and types of loan that affect farmer's decision to access agricultural finance. A survey was conducted in Hisar and Kaithal district on 160 debted respondents. Employing random sampling techniques, a pre-tested questionnaire was administered. The data was collected through interviews as most of them are reluctant to fill the form. Results indicated that nearly three-fifth of the respondents (58.75%) took the crop loan from institution sources and term loan (41.25%) respectively. Even 25.00% of the respondents took both types of loan (term & crop loans). Two-third of the respondents (67.50%) took the loan for crop expenses. On the other hand, 34.38% and 11.25% availed the loan for purchasing of machinery and equipment and for livestock, respectively.

Keywords

Financial Services, Institutional Loan, Agricultural Farmers.

Full Text

     

Subhash Chander ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Rashmi Tyagi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Crime against women has been a bane of India's development efforts. With arcane customs like sex being a taboo in India, Sati, and Dowry, and the overall lower status of women further exacerbates these crimes. The study was conducted on 200 rural women in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state. Data were collected from 12 villages with well structured interview schedule as per objectives of the study. It was found from the field of the study that maximum number of the respondents (43.0%) had low level ofknowledge about laws related to crime against women followed by medium level ofknowledge (31.0%) andhigh (26.0%). More than one-third of the respondents (38.0%) had maximum knowledge about Rape, Section 3 7 6 IPC followed by Kidnapping and Abduction, Sec. 359369 (35.5%) and Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (35.0%). Factors like age, caste, education, occupation, mass media exposure and socio-economic status of the respondents were found significantly associated with level ofknowledge about laws related to crime against women. It was also suggested that Efforts are needed to make rural women more aware about different laws related to crime against women and knowledge should be imparted to them through trainings.

Keywords

Knowledge, Crime Against Women, Indian Penal Code, Special Local Laws, Socio-Economic Variables.

Full Text

     

Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹, Karmal Malik ¹, Kushagra Prasad ¹

Affiliations
1 Cotton Section, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Cotton is one the most indispensable fiber crop in the country and it plays a pivotal role throughout the world in flourishing the industrial and agricultural economy. The extensive use of cotton for various activities and industries has accorded it the status of “King of the Fiber Crops” and “White Gold”. The objective of the present study is to assess the knowledge levels and adoption of using the Drip Irrigation System (DIS) along with the subsequent impact and constraints. The data for accessing the above mentioned aspects were collected by the authors through the personal interviews conducted with the respondents at their respective homes/farms as well as findings of other authors were incorporated. It was found that knowledge level was moderate to high whereas adoption level was found medium among the farmers. It was noticed that factors like income, landholding, mass media exposure, education and socio-economic status played an important rle in adoption of drip irrigation in cotton crop. The research takes a step ahead in examining many aspects connected with cotton production, taking into account the position of drip irrigation for sustainable agriculture.

Keywords

knowledge, adoption, impact, constraints, drip irrigation system.

Full Text

     

Subhash Chander ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department o f Sociology, Ch. Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Due to labour shortage and lack of farm mechanization, India’s agriculture has seen inadequate production and productivity in different regions of the nation. The study was undertaken in Karnal and Sirsa districts of Haryana in 2021, i.e., based on agro climatic zones namely wet and dry, to analyse the farmers’ knowledge and adoption of Custom Hiring Centres. Nilokheri block from Karnal and Sirsa block from Sirsa district were selected purposively by involving 60 respondents spread over villages using proportionate random sampling technique. Farmers actively engaged in agricultural operations with special reference to Custom Hiring Centres were selected randomly. It was observed from the field of the study that overwhelming majority of the respondents (86.67%) knew about staffs in custom hiring centres followed by documents needed for registration (80.00%) and specialties of custom hiring centres (71.67%). It was also suggested to ensure that all farmers can afford it, the government should take a great interest in setting fair hiring rates for various types of farm equipment in various parts of the nation.

Keywords

knowledge o f farmer, adoption of farmer, socio-economic factors and advantages.

Full Text

     

Kushagra Prasad ¹, Vinod Kumari ¹, Subhash Chander ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Family, the smallest and most basic unit of human organization has been the fundamental keystone across all the societies on the face of the earth. The importance of family can be conceived simply by the fact that it lays down the foundation for the growth of any individual. In India, the family was traditionally thought to be an encompassing unit serving all the social and economic functions collectively. Over the years various forces interplaying their roles have led to changes in our understanding of family. Indian family, per se, was characterized by “Jointness” with the patriarchal structure being an exception in certain pockets. The exposition of structural changes in the Indian family has been looked at in detail as the related impact that they have on women, children and other family members. The paper, therefore, is an attempt to gauge the intricacies of the traditional family structure and its related meaning.

Keywords

family, joint family, nuclear family, changes in family, impact on family members.

Full Text