International Journal of Education and Management Studies

Avneet Kaur ¹, Sandeep Kapur ¹, Mohit Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Although there exist many empirical studies on forward contracts to hedge the currency risk, the evidence for other types of derivatives like currency options are in minority. The literature regarding option payoffs especially in context of Indian foreign exchange contracts is very less. The present study fills this gap and has tried to assess the profitability of payoffs from adopting bearish option strategies on USD-INR. The study was done for a period of 68 months from October 2010 to June 2016. Strategies namely long put, short call and bear call spread were employed on USD-INR. Amongst all the strategies, 2% OTM short call performed better with least coefficient of variance. It was found that returns from option strategy for each of moneyness applied is not significantly different from zero. The returns from all the three bearish option strategies was further compared with the help of one-way ANOVA. It was found that there was no significant difference at 5% level of significance.

Keywords

Long Put, Short Call, Bear Call Spread, Bearish, USD-INR.

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Sarishma Sharma ¹, Avneet Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, IN
2 Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, IN

Abstract

This research was carried out to study the perception of customers towards online banking services. There are several dynamics affecting the perception of customers towards online banking services. In this study, those factors as well as hurdles faced while using online banking services were studied in detail. The data was collected from 100 respondents with the help of a structured questionnaire. Statistical techniques such as correlation analysis and factor analysis were used for analysing the data. Clustering was done to identify the respondents belonging to various clusters. The results point out that educational qualification and income does not significantly affect online banking intensity. It was also observed that the main purpose of using online banking services was for viewing transaction details, transferring money and checking account balance. The main hurdles while banking online includes the absence of touch and feel, fear of cybercrimes and anticipated fear of impairing with the important information. Factor analysis revealed that there are five factors which are recognised by customers while using online banking services. These are accessibility from home, website related issues, time and cost related issues, lack of personal touch and feel and quality of service. Out of these factors, accessibility from home, website related issues and quality of service significantly affects the satisfaction level of customers towards internet banking services.

Keywords

e-banking, perception, intensity.

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