Ji-Hye Ryu ¹, Won-Hwa Hong ², Ji-Ae Lee ¹, Wook-Jung Na ³

Affiliations
1 School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, KR
2 School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, KR
3 Department of Fire and Disaster Prevention Engineering, Changshin University, KR

Abstract

High air-tightness and high heat-insulation of buildings cause lack of fresh air inside the buildings. Operating the ventilation system in an apartment house may improve the indoor air quality, but may generate the problems, such as high airconditioning load and cold draft. In order to improve the indoor air quality while maintaining pleasant heat environment to a certain level, it is necessary to consume energy for cooling and heating. Energy Recovery Ventilation system (here in after “ERVs”) is the typical way to minimize the consumption of energy. To solve the problem, the installation of ERVs has been made mandatory for new apartment buildings that are constructed in the Republic of Korea. The interest in ERVs has increased recently in that the System is viewed as helping to: 1. Reduce energy costs of heating and cooling apartment buildings, which costs claim a significant portion of apartment building management budgets, and 2. Secure appropriate levels of ventilation in such buildings. Despite the enthusiasm, the lack of efficient implementation of ERVs persists. Based on the rationale, this study realized the optimal operating algorithm for ERVs. The study took actual data on temperature and humidity; operation status on air conditioners and ERVs; electricity consumptions; and PMV. The study analyzed airconditioning ventilation loads and energy-saving effects related thereto according to the optimal operating algorithm for ERVs. The results showed statistically significant figures that contribute to the reduction of loads and energy costs. Implications of the study include: 1. Introducing the optimal ERVs to apartment buildings will likely help the residents and building managers to better respond to changes occurring to the outside environment and to the inside loads being applied to indoor HVAC systems; and 2. Implementation of ERVs would likely help reduce the loads being imposed on the HVAC systems in apartment buildings.

Keywords

Apartment Houses, Energy Consumption, ERVs (Energy Recovery Ventilation System), Field Survey, Optional Operation, Resident

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Ji-Ae Lee ¹, Won-Hwa Hong ², Ji-Hye Ryu ¹, Gyu-Yeob Jeon ³

Affiliations
1 Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, KR
2 School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, KR
3 School of Architecture Engineering, Jeju National University, KR

Abstract

Electricity demand is surging every year in Korea owing to economic growth and a subsequent increase in energy demand. In particular, heavy cooling load during summer and high heating load during winter to fight heat wave and cold wave, respectively, which are allegedly caused by the unpredictable climate change, trigger electricity peak and unstable energy supply as a result. Integrated Energy Business (IEB), which is known as regional heating overseas, draws attention as a distributed energy that can address such structural issues as blackout in the central supply system. Yet, electricity charge lower than production cost, realistic challenges in direct sales of energy production facilities and energy loss incurred from transporting energy from supply facilities to receiving ends keep it from ischolar_maining down in Korea. This study compared number of households, number of buildings to which electricity is supplied, capacity of supply facilities, amount of fuel and production and sales volume of energy in order to determine appropriate supply capacity of heat and electricity in regional cooling/heating areas and industrial complexes based on Korea's IEB operation. Also, the study grouped IEB systems according to sizes of energy supply facilities and compared them so as to suggest an appropriate size of IEB and an effective supply system that can be considered for new housing site projects or re-developed regions.

Keywords

Combined Heat Power Plant, District Heating, Energy Supply System, Industrial Estate Heating, Integrated Energy Business.

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Hyuncheol Seo ¹, Jungwoo Kim ², Won-hwa Hong ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University,80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu − 41566, Korea
2 Department of Architecture, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Korea

Abstract

Objectives: Quantitative data are presented for the preparation of energy saving scenarios for university town singlehouseholds in South Korea estimated to be one million in number. Methods/Statistical Analysis: To extract the living activities of single-households around university towns and the periods of time spent by activity, a Time-use Survey was conducted with 31 subjects. Information on the home appliances retained by the subject households and the specifications were surveyed and the types of appliances used when the Time-use Diary was recorded and the amounts of time spent to use the appliances were recorded. Findings: The retention ratio and the specification of household appliances retained by the single households around universities were surveyed and presented. Even for the single households, although the basic household appliances necessary to conduct living activities tend to be retained in general, the specification aspect exhibited large differences compared to general households. In this study, the living activity characteristics of single households were classified by day of week as well as by period, the time required and energy consumption for each living activity were surveyed and analyzed, and quantitative data were presented for energy consumption. In the case of single households, the power consumption was shown to be higher for weekdays rather than for weekends, and during vacations rather than during semester. Improvements/Applications: The results of this study can be utilized when segmented energy consumption analyses are conducted utilizing national statistical data such as Time-Use Surveys.

Keywords

Household Appliances, Life Conduct Characteristics, Power Consumption, Single Household, University Town.

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Soo-Ho Lee ¹, Gyu-Yeob Jeon ², Jun-Ho Choi ³, Wook-Jung Na ⁴, Won-Hwa Hong ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, KR
2 Department of Architecture, Jeju National University, KR
3 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Pukyung National University, KR
4 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Changshin University, KR

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The walking speed is not steady and is influenced by corridor shapes. Most of evacuation simulations are using fixed walking speed, and it possible to cause an erroneous value. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In order to determine the changes and influence of walking speed depending on the shape of the pathway and the type of the crossroads, the maze-set experiment is conducted. Total 30 participants recruit as experimental subjects, and ratio of gender is same (male: 15, female: 15). The experimental site has 5 types of crossroad and all pathways of participants recorded that used experimental cameras. Findings: The average walking speed of participants is 1.08 m/s (male: 1.12 m/s, female: 1.04). The result of walking speed is lower than speed in general situation which is 1.40m/s and can form the hypothesis on walking speed affected by corridor shapes. The walking speed change by each shape corridor has meaningful difference. Based on this, the cause of different walking speed estimates that corridor shape has various effect sizes and through one-way ANOVA, it can compute by using eta squared. Application/Improvements: Corridor shapes used in paper is not representing as all of actual building. From the result, however, walking speed is not fixed value and interacts with corridor shapes.

Keywords

Corridor Shape, Effect Size, Maze-set Experiment, One-way ANOVA, Walking Speed.

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Wook-Jung Na ¹, Byeung-Hun Son ², Won-Hwa Hong ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Fire and Disaster Prevention Engineering, Changshin University, KR
2 Energy System Engineering Department, Daegu Technical University, KR
3 Department of Architectural Engineering, Jeju National University, KR

Abstract

In recent years, many nations around the world, including the Republic of Korea, have shown keen interest in the regeneration of cities as a viable solution to a host of environmental issues the world is facing today. As such, development of various regeneration methods is being undertaken. One integral part of the said initiatives is the recycling of existing buildings that are aging, though the focus is being placed on improving the internal and external aesthetics and structural performance rather than on enhancing fire safety performance of buildings. Reflecting such trends, relatively fewer studies have been conducted to address the ways to improve the safety performance during disasters such as fire which lead to fatality and massive property losses. Given the rationale, this study proposed a building owner/manager-friendly comprehensive and effective way to improve the safety performance of aging commercial buildings during fire/evacuation incidents so as to address the particular susceptibility exhibited by such buildings during disasters that result in large casualties and property damages. Statistical techniques were used to establish the buildings’ properties relating to fire and evacuation. Also AHP analysis was performed to calculate property-specific weightings. In consideration of the calculated weightings and condition of buildings, the study proposed a logic and decision-making tool for the owner/manager such that a comprehensive improvement can be made about the fire/evacuation performance.

Keywords

Commercial Building, Decision-Making, Fire Safety Attributes, Prioritization

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