Vishnu Agarwal ¹, Preetam Verma ², Anil Kumar Mathur ¹, Ankur Singh ³, Dhirendra Kumar ³, Varun Kumar Yadav ³

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, IN
2 Jacob School of Biotechnology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (Deemed to be University) Allahabad, 211007, IN
3 Dept. of Applied Mechanics (Biotechnology) Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, IN

Abstract

Energy need has been increasing worldwide exponentially. At present global energy requirements are mostly dependent on the fossil fuels, which eventually lead to foreseeable depletion of limited fossil energy sources. More recently, generation of electricity using microbial fuel cells (MFC) is seemingly gaining importance in the research. MFC is a biochemical-catalyzed system which generates electrical energy through the oxidation of biodegradable organic matter in the presence of either fermentative bacteria or enzyme under mild reaction conditions (ambient temperature and pressure) and bacterial energy is directly converted to electrical energy and to close the cycle, protons migrate through a proton exchange membrane (PEM) from anode to cathode. The present work deals with the designing and fabrication of two-chambered salt bridge microbial fuel cell with specific dimension. The efficiency of fabricated MFCs was checked by variation in current produced on different days of operation of MFC and effect of using dextrose in anodic chamber of MFC. The MFC was operated for 7 days with or without dextrose as carbon source. It was observed that while running MFC without dextrose the maximum current obtained was 13.6 μA and maximum voltage obtained was 146.8 mV. However while using 5% dextrose solution in the anodic-chamber the maximum current and voltage obtained was 170 μA and 216 mV respectively.

Keywords

Anode, Salt Bridge, Dextrose, Current

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Sandeep Singh ¹, Vivek Kumar Pandey ¹, Ravi Prakash Tewari ¹, Vishnu Agarwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Applied Mechanics (Biotechnology), Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, 211004, IN

Abstract

There has been a considerable research interest in the area of drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. Nanostructured biomaterials have unique physicochemical properties such as ultra small and controllable size, large surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity and functionalizable structure. It alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules that are capable of targeted delivery of both imaging agents and anticancer drugs and early detection of cancer lesions, determination of molecular signatures of the tumor by noninvasive imaging and, most importantly, molecular targeted cancer therapy. These properties can be applied on drug to overcoming some of the limitations in traditional therapeutics. They have been used in vivo to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, restrict access of the drug to the chosen sites and to deliver the drug at a controlled and sustained rate to the site of action, minimizes undesirable side effects of the drugs and allow for more efficient use of the drug. It should be present at appropriate concentrations at the target site, and it should not lose its activity or therapeutic efficacy while in circulation. Here, we review various aspects of nanoparticle formulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics and their applications in delivery of drug molecules, improving the targated delivery of therapeutic agents, the potential of nanomedicine, development of novel and more effective diagnostic and screening techniques to extend the limits of molecular diagnostics and challenges in synthesizing nanoparticle platforms for delivering various drugs.

Keywords

Drug Delivery, Microbes, Liposomes, Polymeric Nanoparticles, Ceramic Nanoparticles, Dendrimers

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