Indraj Singh ¹, V. Sahni ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed University Funded by GOI), Longowal - 148106, Sangrur, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objective: In this research article performance and exhaust emission of compression ignition engine coupled with electric generator set was analysed by using fuel bakain methyl ester as a new renewable energy source. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Seeds of Bakain, Family- Meliaceae, English-Persian lilac, Hindi- bakain were collected from local area of longowal and oil was extracted. Oil collected from Bakain seeds was transesterificated into Biodiesel. Fuel properties viscosity, calorific value, flash point and fire point of Bakain methyl ester were tested and recorded as per ASTM D. Electric generator set operated by compression ignition engine used Bakain methyl ester as fuel under different loading condition. Findings: Performance and exhaust emission of electric generator set operated by compression ignition engine used bakain methyl ester and mineral diesel were compared under 0.1 kW ,1.5 kW, 3kW and 5 kW load condition. There was slightly drop in overall efficiency of electric generator set when used bakain methyl ester as compare to mineral diesel fuel under same load condition. 2.77% less of overall efficiency drop of electric generator set was observed when used Bakain methyl ester as compare to mineral diesel fuel at 5 kW load. Electric generator set coupled with compression ignition engine consumed more bakain methyl ester as compare to mineral diesel fuel at same load condition. There was 96 gm/kW quantity of fuel consumed more when used bakain methyl ester as compare to mineral diesel fuel. Exhaust emission of CO, CO₂, NO_x and flue gas temperature of electric generator set were also recorded for bakain methyl ester and mineral diesel fuel under different load condition. Electric power generator set emitted 4 % more NO_x when used bakain methyl ester as fuel in comparison to mineral diesel at 5 kW load.8 % less carbon dioxide CO₂ emitted from electric generator set when used bakain methyl ester as fuel in comparisons to mineral diesel operated at 5 kW load condition. Higher flue gas temperature of electric generator set was recorded when used bakain methyl ester as compare to mineral diesel as a fuel at same load condition. Application/Improvement: Biodiesel from bakain seeds new renewable energy source can be produced and use as a fuel in compression ignition engine to generate electric power with slightly compromising power and less impact on exhaust emission.

Keywords

Bakain methyl ester, Emission, Fuel Property, Overall Efficiency, Transesterification.

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Bhupinder Singh ¹, Kulwant Singh ², V. Sahni ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana – 141006, Punjab, IN
2 Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur – 148106, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To develop mathematical model for prediction of impact toughness of friction stir welded ZE-41 magnesium alloy joints. Methods/Analysis: Friction stir welded joints were fabricated using five different tool geometries. Total 31 experiments as dictated by central composite design technique with 4 factors, 5 levels were conducted. Model was developed using data obtained from this investigation. F-Test and Student’s t-test were conducted to investigate the adequacy of model. It was found that developed model is adequate. Findings: It can be concluded from the present research that taper cylindrical tool pin produced highest impact toughness as compared with other tool pins used. Threaded cylindrical pin yielded lowest impact toughness of the joint. It was further observed that welding speed have a profound effect on impact toughness. With increment in weld speed impact toughness increased to 4.5J then decreased with further increase in welding speed. Similar trend had been followed when tool rotational speed was varied. Micrographs of stir zone also support above results. Optimum parameters for obtaining maximum toughness had been presented. Application/Improvement: A novel mathematical model useful for prediction of impact toughness for improving the weld quality, commercially useful in aircraft, automotive and consumer electronic sectors.

Keywords

Friction Stir Welding, Impact Toughness, Rare Earth, Response Surface Methodology, ZE-41 Magnesium Alloy

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