V. Keral Shalini ¹, S. Keerthika Devi ¹, P. Monisha ¹, M. Madhumitha ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur - 639113, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper is aimed to find a multiplier to provide a physically compact high speed and low power consumption unit. Being a core part of arithmetic processing unit multipliers are in extremely high demand on its speed and low power consumption. Multiplier plays an important role in today’s digital image processing and various other applications. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In modern embedded electronics devices, power consumption is a first-class design concern. Hardware-level approximation mainly targets arithmetic units, such as adders and multipliers, widely used in portable devices to implement multimedia algorithms, e.g., image and video processing. Findings: Compressor has 5 inputs A, B, C, D and C_in to create 3 outputs Sum, Carry and C_out. The 4 inputs A, B, C and D and the output Sum has identical weight. The input C_in is output from a preceding lower widespread compressor and the C_out output is for the compressor inside the next significant level. Application/Improvements: The approximation multiplier is used to improve the speed and efficiency. It is used to reduce the area and time consumption. It is widely used in the digital image processing, FIR filters, reduce the multiplication procedure.

Keywords

Approximation Multiplier, Adder, Model Sim, Shifter, Multiplexer

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V. Keral Shalini ¹, M. Annakamatchi ¹, S. Arthireena ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur –639113, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: In digital world, the X band or Super High Frequency is widely used by military forces in Satellite Communication for beyond line of sight communications. X band is most preferable band for military users as antenna able to operate at frequency bands which is suitable for military user’s needs. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A Compact triple seven shaped microstrip patch antenna is considered. By employing two rectangular slots that can change the conventional rectangular slot into seven shaped patch, the antenna able to operate in single band in the X band satellite communication. However, in order to meet military radio spectrum the frequency range is specified at 8 to 12 GHz and wavelength range is about 3.75 to 2.5 cm. Findings: The proposed antenna consists of Rogers RT/duriod 5880 substrate material with the dimension of 50mm X 50mm and triple seven shaped radiating patch with microstrip feed line having the length and width of 0.8mm X 5mm. The compact triple seven shaped microstrip patch antenna resonates at the frequency of 11.4 GHz with -29.03dB return loss. The proposed antenna gain is 2.24dBi. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna operates with stable gain, good return loss, VSWR and consistent radiation efficiency. The good agreement is achieved and it is more suitable for X band applications. Application/Improvements: The applications of the X band are Radar communication, satellite Communication, wireless computer networks and military forces.

Keywords

Entangled States, Separable States, Quantum Channels, Quantum Teleportation

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