M. P. Vijayakumar ¹, V. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai–600 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The supplementation of mineral in nano form increases bioavailability and efficiency of utilisation. In this context an experiment was carried out to study the effect of calcium phosphate nanoparticles supplementation on the growth performance of broilers with the objective to reduce the quantity of mineral supplementation that would intern reduce the feed cost. Since phosphorus is expensive among the mineral sources, its requirement as dicalcium phosphate was replaced by nano form of calcium phosphate as low as 50% requirement to 100 % at 10 % increment range. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were synthesised in laboratory by wet chemical method and the particle size and morphology were determined using transmission electron microscope. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles ranged between 20 and 90 nm. Feeding trail was conducted using mash feed. Feeding trial in 70 male broiler chicks (Cobb 400) from day 1 to 28 indicated that the cumulative feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher (1487.30 ± 19.99, 1510.80 ± 13.82, 1549.30 ± 5.75, 1550.00 ± 3.52, 1562.50 ± 3.85 and 1572.80 ± 1.50 g ) in birds fed with calcium phosphate nanoparticles at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 % respectively in the diet than control diet containing coarse particles of dicalcium phosphate (1466.60 ± 4.73 g). By the end of fourth week, birds fed with 50 % and 60 % calcium phosphate nanoparticles had significantly (p<0.05) higher bodyweight gain (1069.90 ± 9.31 and 1068.50 ± 36.51) respectively than control (891.60 ± 48.1 g). Birds fed with 50 % calcium phosphate nanoparticles recorded best feed conversion ratio (1.39 ± 0.02) and it differed significantly (p<0.05) from control (1.64 ± 0.08) group. It is concluded that supplementation of 50 % of calcium phosphate nanoparticles can be practiced instead of the conventional practice of dicalcium phosphate incorporation in broilers diet. Thus, it is postulated that the usefulness of nano form in reducing the mineral quantity to half in the diet will reduce the cost of feeding when the actual production of calcium phosphate nanoparticles is up scaled to an industrial level.

Keywords

Broiler Chicken, Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles, Performance

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M. P. Vijayakumar ¹, V. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai – 600 007, IN

Abstract

An experiment was carried out with the objective of determining the bioavailability of calcium phosphate nanoparticles by supplementing calcium phosphate nanoparticles at graded levels from 50 to 100% of phosphorus content to the standard source (Dicalcium phosphate - coarse particle) at 10 per cent increment. Tibial bone morphometry, bone and serum mineral profile and carcass characters in broiler chicken were studied with mash form of feed in 70 male broiler chicks (Cobb 400) from day 1 to 28 indicated that the there was no significant variation in the parameters studied. The tibial bone ash, calcium and phosphorus content are unison for both the control and 50% calcium phosphate nanoparticles supplemented groups. The results indicated that the bioavailability of phosphorus in calcium phosphate nanoparticles was 200 per cent when compared to dicalcium phosphate. This finding may help the poultry managers to minimize the feed transport cost and also minimize the mineral wastages.

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M. P. Vijayakumar ¹, V. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai – 600 007, IN

Abstract

An experiment was carried out with the objective with assessment on the safety of calcium phosphate nanoparticles as mineral supplement to broiler chicken. With the help of an indigenous laboratory equipment calcium phosphate nanoparticles were prepared by wet chemical method. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were analyzed for its size and shape using TEM. It was ranged from 20 to 90 nm with spherical shape. The calcium and phosphorous content was estimated. Results show that 30.81 per cent calcium and 15.48 per cent phosphorus. Using the Vero cell line in vitro cytotoxicity study carried out that indicated 10 mg/ml of calcium phosphate nanoparticles did not provoke observable cellular insult. The in vivo assessment was also done using hematological and serum biochemistry parameters in birds fed with calcium phosphate nanoparticles at graded concentration at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% of the phosphorus content of coarse particles of dicalcium phosphate in the diet from day old to 28 days. The results indicated that Calcium phosphate nanoparticles did not exert any significant (P<0.05) influence on haemoglobin, Packed cell volume, total erythrocytes count, total leucocytes count, and differential count of WBC compared to control (fed with dicalcium phosphate). The inclusion of calcium phosphate nanoparticles from 50 to 100% did not have any significant negative influence on the serum glucose, total protein, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, serum urea, creatinine, serum Aspartate amino Transferase (AST), Alanine amino Transferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). Hence, it was concluded that calcium phosphate nanoparticles are safe to use since an adult bird would consume at a concentration not more than 6.4 mg/ml which is well within the safe level of 10mg/mlas identified by in vitro cytotoxicity test on vero cell line.

Keywords

Biochemistry, Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles, Hematology, In Vitro cytotoxicity, Serum, TEM, Vero Cell Line.

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