Seongsoo Lee ¹, Seokbong Woo ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Counseling Psychology and Social Welfare, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221 Beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeong, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do - 31460, KP
2 Department of Industrial and Advertising Psychology, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon - 34520, KP

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study intended to explore the mediating role of worry about career in the influence of career indecision on career search behavior in South Korean college students. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Three hundred and twenty-five students attending Sun Moon University responded the questionnaire for this study. To measure Career indecision, KCII (Korean Career Indecision Inventory) was used. The researchers have made the Korean version of 11-items measures using ‘The Penn State Worry Questionnaire’ to measure Worry about Career and to measure Career search behavior, we used 16-items of Career Search Behavior Scale of Choi. Findings: We tested the relationships among the overall constructs and among the sub-factors using Mplus 7.0. Firstly, the result on the relationships among the overall constructs showed the positive direct influence of Career Indecision on Worry about career, the positive direct influence of Worry about Career on Career Search Behavior, the negative direct influence of Career Indecision on Career Search Behavior. Furthermore, the indirect effect (Career Indecision → Worry about Career → Career Search Behavior) was also significant. Next, the result on the relationships among the sub-factors showed as follows: Indecisiveness influenced Information-Seeking and Advice-Seeking with the mediation of Worry about Career. Lack of Necessity Recognition influenced all of three sub-factors of Career Search Behavior negatively with the mediation of Worry about Career. Lack of Self-Identity had a positive effect on Self-Seeking but a negative effect on Advice-Seeking with the mediation of Worry about Career. Finally, External Barrier had a positive effect on Information-Seeking and Advice-Seeking with the mediation of Worry about Career. Improvements/Applications: This study will contribute the theoretical and practical development of research, education, and counseling of career guidance.

Keywords

Career Indecision, Career Search Behavior, South Korea, Worry about Career, Worry Anxiety.

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Seokbong Woo ¹, Seongsoo Lee ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Industrial and Advertising Psychology, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, KR
2 Department of Counseling Psychology and Social Welfare, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221Beong-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, KR

Abstract

Objectives: This research is designed to extend our understanding of the effects of visual perspective on advertising by incorporating verbal element in an ad and consumer characteristic. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Visual perspective, message appeal, and regulatory focus were employed as independent variables. As an experimental material four black and white print ads which were differed in visual perspective of images in an ad (first-person, third-person) x message appeal (private use, public use) were created. Regulatory focus was manipulated by making participants complete life survey. Findings: Extant research has suggested that visual perspective plays a prominent role in consumer persuasion. However, not much research efforts have been given to the role of the perspective of visual image in an advertising context. Firstly, this research demonstrates that perspective of visual image interacts with message appeal. Results showed that when visual image in ad was shown from the third-person (vs. first-person) perspective, the verbal message appeal of public use (vs. private use) revealed more favorable attitudes toward ad and product evaluations. Further, it was found that the participants’ regulatory orientation significantly moderated the interaction effects of visual perspective and message appeal. Hence, the interaction effects of third-person (vs. first-person) perspective and message appeal of public use (vs. private use) were eliminated when the participants’ regulatory focus was promotion-focus (vs. prevention-focus). Improvements/Applications: Practitioners should be cautious when determining the camera angles of ad images and consider the type of message appeal of an ad and the target audiences’ regulatory focus.

Keywords

Attitude toward Ad, Message Appeal, Regulatory Focus, Stylistic Properties, Visual Perspective.

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Seongsoo Lee ¹, Youngjun Song ¹, Minwoo Jeong ¹, Chaewon Lee ¹, Gayoung Yun ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Counseling Psychology and Social Welfare, Sun Moon University,Sunmoon-ro 221Beon-gil 70, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do–31460, KR

Abstract

Objectives: We explored the moderating role of college ranking and sex differences in the influence of college students’ self-esteem for getting-a-job on job search behavior intensity in South Korea. Methods/Statistical analysis: To achieve the research purpose, we surveyed four hundred and two undergraduate students in four colleges in highest class colleges and four colleges in around 100th place in South Korea. The research participants were selected based on the result of the 2015 university assessment report released by an influential daily newspaper in South Korea. To measure Self-esteem for getting-a-job and Job search behavior, we used multidimensional scales for each. Findings: As results of factor analysis, we got different factor structures against initial expectations. Factor analysis on Self-esteem for getting-a-job produced six sub factors: Confidence in career decision, self-understanding, Confidence in preparing getting-a-job, Efficacy in utilizing personal relationship, Confidence in decision-making. Factor analysis on Job search behavior produced three sub factors: Job-searching, Self-searching, Advice-seeking. The results showed that while there were no obvious differences between college ranking groups in Self-esteem for getting-a-job, clear differences between the sexes in Self-esteem for getting-ajob. Our initial expectation was that there were large differences between groups of college ranking in Self-esteem for getting-a-job and Job search behavior. There was a difference between groups of college ranking in Self-understanding only. The interaction effect of the sexes and the college ranking groups was appeared Confidence in preparing gettinga- job only. As results of regression analysis, Confidence in career decision, Self-understanding, and Efficacy in utilizing personal relationship influenced Job-searching and Advice-seeking. Confidence in decision-making influenced Jobsearching only. And Confidence in preparing getting-a-job and Confidence in decision-making influenced Self-searching only. Improvements/Applications: Students need not to be discouraged or lose their confidence in getting-a-job by attending simply lower ranking college but not higher ranking college.

Keywords

College Ranking, Sex Differences, Self-Esteem for Getting-a-Job, Job Search Behavior, Korean Culture.

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Seongsoo Lee ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Counseling Psychology and Social Welfare, Sun Moon University, KR

Abstract

Inaction inertia occurs when bypassing an initial action opportunity has the effect of decreasing the likelihood that subsequent similar action opportunities will be taken. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of individual difference of regulatory focus on the inaction inertia effect. We conducted an experiment using a scenario in order to examine the proposed ideas: 2(regulatory focus: promotion vs. prevention) * 2(difference in attractiveness: large vs. small) subject-between design. Subjects experienced regret higher when a more attractive previous opportunity was forgone rather than a relatively less attractive one. For prevention-focused people, the changes in the levels of anticipated inaction regret, anticipated inaction and action satisfaction were not significant regardless of differences in the magnitude of attractiveness between a missed opportunity in the past and the current, new opportunity. However, changes in these three variables were quite significant for promotion-focused people based on differences in attractiveness. In other words, if the change in discount rates is large compared to when it is small, the level of anticipated inaction regret for promotion-focused people was reduced and that of anticipated inaction satisfaction increased while that of anticipated action satisfaction was also reduced. Further, anticipated inaction satisfaction functioned as a mediator between the interaction of difference in attractiveness and regulatory focus and the likelihood to act taking the current opportunity. Several theoretical and practical implications were discussed based on those results.

Keywords

Anticipated Regret, Anticipated Satisfaction, Counterfactual Thinking, Regulatory Focus, The Inaction Inertia Effect

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