R. Ramya ¹, G. Saravanakumar ², S. Ravi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Dr. M. G. R. Educational and Research Institute University, Chennai - 600095, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of ECE, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai - 600062, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Wireless sensor network are the collection of individual nodes which are able to interact with physical environment statically or dynamically by sensing or controlling physical parameter. The design of an energyefficient Medium Access efficient Control (MAC) protocol is one of the major issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Most of these protocols take into account the energy efficiency as a main objective. There is much more innovative work should be done at the MAC layer to address the hard unsolved problems. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Wireless sensor network become a prominent in many applications like habitat, infrastructure and industrial automation. In this paper, we first outline and discuss the specific requirements and design trade-offs of a typical wireless sensor MAC protocol by describing the properties of WSN that affect the design of MAC layer protocols. Then, a typical collection of wireless sensor MAC protocols presented in the literature are surveyed, classified, and described emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages whenever possible. Findings: In this paper we study some characteristics of WSN that are important for the design of MAC layer protocols and give a brief introduction of some MAC protocols with reference to energy efficiency for WSN. In accordance with channel access policies, MAC protocols are classified into four types, which are cross layer protocols, TDMA-based, contention-based and hybrid. For the collection of recent wireless sensor real-time MAC protocols emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages whenever possible. One of the major constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is power consumption. In recent years, a lot of efforts have been put into the design of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for WSN, in order to reduce energy consumption and enhance the network’s lifetime. Application/ Improvement: MAC protocol plays an important role in WSN energy performance and give result that there is no standard protocol which give better energy efficiency and enhances further research to design and develop application dependent and for usages.

Keywords

Energy Efficiency, Medium Access Control Protocol, Wireless Sensor Networks

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Chinnusamy Sujitha ¹, A. Ananthi Christy ¹, S. Rajasomashekar ², S. Ravi ³, R. Brindha ¹, P. U. Poornima ¹, Siddharth Pachpor ²

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai – 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram – Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, BW

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The objective of this research owes to propose a fixed voltage controller for wind energy based individual Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). The ideology is that simple as to exploit the use of a voltage source inverter, employing with the fundamental principle of PWM technique that in corporate an individual battery source for the smooth operation. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The incidence of depressed voltage regulation because of the unexpected alteration in the speed and the load is one of the main demerits of the SEIG. In order to overcome this complicated situation, a modification of phase shift in the sinusoidal PWM is introduced, which standardizes the voltage of SEIG, when it is subjected to unexpected alteration in the load. Findings: It is likely to attain a fixed value of voltage when the load is altered from empty load to the complete load. The simulation of the presented scheme has been carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK modeling. The consistency of the proposed model is determined by the outcomes of the prototype testing. Application/Improvements: By varying the modulating index of the voltage source inverter, the stabilization of output voltage for SEIG has been achieved. One of its major advantages is that by simply checking the dc link voltage, the characteristics of the current state can be predictable.

Keywords

Alteration in Load, Induction Generator, PWM, Self-Excited, Voltage Controller, Voltage Source Inverter.

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S. Ravi ¹, Subhajit Sinha ¹, R. Adithyan ¹, Harish M. Kittur ¹

Affiliations
1 VLSI Division, SENSE, VIT University, Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: As the complexity of system on chip increases the timing sign-off becomes a challenging task for STA (Static Timing Analysis) engineer. Methods/Statistical analysis: Due to the wide usage of IP’s, change in power and skew may occur among different regions of chip. To address this issue clock gating and zero skew algorithms are mainly used. It is good design idea to turn off the clock when it is not needed. Findings: This paper proposes  a new  NOR/OR  cells with different driving strengths and a new tunable delay elememt . These designed cells can be  used in automatic clock gating which is supported by modern EDA tools. The proposed method of clock buffers with different sizes are designed and compared with ISCAS89 Benchmark circuits (s35932, s38417, and  s38584).These components are designed and tested using Cadence ICFB and SOC encounter P&R tool. Applications/Improvements: This clock gating elements can be used in any System-on-a-Chip (SoC) application where minimum skew is required.

Keywords

Clock Gating, Delay Matching, Skew, Tunable Delay, Type Matching

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S. Ravi ¹, C. Sujitha ², Bakary Diarra ¹, P Sukumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, BW
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University, Chennai - 603203,Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Erode - 638052, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The proposed system used to design a Fuzzy logiccontroller system based intelligent power quality conditioner is consist both the series and shunt active filter using a common DC link capacitors. The proposed system used to eliminate the harmonics, voltage which is developed because of fault which causes failure of the power system. Intelligent controllers are used in nonlinear control system mostly. The proposed fuzzy controller is not in the need of a mathematical model and the produce a good dynamic response. The simulations carried out using the MATLAB software. The real time implementation of the proposed system is carried out with the use of power electronic components. The proposed system simulation and hardware results are similar to each other. The power quality conditioner is able to improve the power quality on power systems in industrial and in the distribution area.

Keywords

Dynamic Response, Filter, Fuzzy Logic, Intelligent Controller, Power Quality.

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Tribhuvan Singh ¹, Harvinder Singh Saini ², S. V. Ranganayakulu ², S. Ravi ³, K. Sudhakar ³

Affiliations
1 Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus - School of Pharmacy Ibrahimpatnam, Telangana - 501506, IN
2 Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus - School of Engineering and Technology Ibrahimpatnam, Telangana - 501506, IN
3 Rural Development Society, R&D Center, Punjagutta, Hyderabad - 500082, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To isolate Azadirachtin-A, from Seeds of Azadirachta indica and to perform molecular docking studies for antiproliferative activity against cervical cancer. Methods: The Current studies on Azadirachtin-A, a potent cervical anticancer agent, was designed for the isolation of Azadirachtin-A, from neem fruits collected from local area (Ibrahimpatnam), the seeds were first separated, dried and made in to coarse powder. The seed kernels was defatted and extracted with methanol using soxhlet apparatus. Methanolic extract of seeds were subjected to direct reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for separation of Azadirachtin-A, by molecular docking of Azadirachtin-A, using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2008 software Findings: This revealed that Azadirachtin-A, has an affinity of 59.2% and 72% towards amino acids like Glycine 131 and Lysine 89 with polar intractions. Azadirachtin-A, found to interact with Cyclin E, was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB code: 1W98). The Azadirachtin-A, showed excellent, Increase Life Span (63.44 and 82.56), reduced the viable cells (30.4 ± 1.5 and 24.5 ± 1.6), and tumor volume (1.2 ± 0.05 and 1.0 ± 0.05) when compared to standard drug 5-Fluorouracil. Application: Azadirachtin-A, showed significant docking interaction with Cyclin E, active site using windows 2002, MOE 2008 software. Result showed that Azadirachtin-A, may lead to potent cervical anticancer agent.

Keywords

Azadirachtin-A, Azadirachta indica, Cervical Cancer, 5-Fluorouracil, (HeLa) Henrietta Lacks Cell Line, Molecular Docking.

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