K. Vinoth Kumar ¹, S. Bhavani ²

Affiliations
1 Karpagam University, Coimbatore - 641021, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of ECE, Karpagam University, Coimbatore - 641021, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Secure Localization is a major issue in MANET which is mainly focusing on keeping confidential information about mobile nodes and data packets. Several approaches have been proposed to obtain location information and node authentication. However, it is some lagging in balancing energy consumption and location authentication. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this research, location based secure routing is proposed for location authenticity among mobile nodes. It contains three phases. In first phase, multipath route determination. In second phase, reliable nodes are chosen for packet forwarding towards destination node. In third phase, destination with secure location update is determined to secure nodes. Findings: For simulation, the network simulator tool (NS 2.34) is used. Based on the simulation result, the proposed work achieved that secured location authenticity and minimum energy consumption. Applications: This work can be suggested as real time approach in battlefield approach, disaster applications and earthquake issues.

Keywords

Energy consumption, Location Update, Location Authenticity and Balancing Energy Consumption, Secure localization

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R. Navaneethakrishnan ¹, S. Rekha ², S. Bhavani ³

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641049, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore - 641021, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of ECE, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore - 641021, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This Paper presents a novel low power design approach for multipliers to eliminate timing violations. There are two major issues which are concentrated in this paper are positive bias temperature instability and negative bias temperature instability. Both the things affect the speed of transistor and leads to timing violations, which intern leads to the failure of an entire system. Methods: In this work, bypassing multiplier is used with adaptive hold logic. The implementation is done in 180 nm deep submicron CMOS technology. Findings: power consumption and error rate is studied after employing the AHL. Improvements: The experimental result shows that the performance of multipliers with AHL improved 72.8% when compared to existing methods and consumes less power.

Keywords

AHL, Bypass Multipliers, Low Power Design, Instability, Timing Violations.

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E. Gopalakrishna Sarma ¹, K. R. Joy ², S. Bhavani ²

Affiliations
1 UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Parippally Kollam, Kerala – 691302, IN
2 Departmentof Electronics and Communication Engineering. Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore - 641 021,Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To propose a fast and efficient algorithm for Full Reference Image Quality Assessment (FR-IQA) that can evaluate the quality of a distorted image accurately. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed approach uses SSIM (Structural Similarity Index for Measuring Image) algorithm based on image gradients. SSIM algorithm has been widely accepted as an effective tool for estimating image quality. The quality estimation capability of SSIM has been enhanced by using image gradients. In this paper, the SSIM based on image gradients has been simplified and optimized to reduce the computational complexity, thereby to improve the execution speed and to improve the quality estimation capability. Findings: The proposed algorithm is computationally simple compared to SSIM and Gradient based SSIM. There has been significant improvement in the execution speed and quality prediction capability of the proposed algorithm compared to SSIM and Gradient based SSIM for various types of distortions. This simplified version of SSIM based on gradients has been extensively tested on popular image databases. The results confirm its effectiveness, efficiency and consistency in estimating the image quality. Applications/Improvements: The proposed algorithm is suitable in IQA applications where improved prediction accuracy and execution speed are important.

Keywords

Full Reference Image Quality (FR-IQA), Gradient based SSIM, Image Quality Assessment(IQA),(FR-IQA), Structural Similarity Index for Measuring Image (SSIM).

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