Poonam Singh ¹, Neeraj Sinha ¹, R. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Toxicology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow- 226001, IN

Abstract

Drugs and other chemicals must be evaluated for their teratatological potential before releasing them in the market. One of the model test system that is used in screening of embryotoxic chemicals in vitro, is the micromass culture test. The test involves exposing the rat embryo limb cells or cells of central nervous system (CNS) to various test agents for different time intervals and estimating the inhibition of cell differentiation in these cell cultures. The technique can be best used for identifying strong embryotoxic chemicals due to its sensitivity to a number of classes of potent teratogens and insensitivity to non-teratogens.

Keywords

Embryotoxic, in vitro, Micromass, Teratogen, Teratogenicity

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P. Gogoi ¹, R. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Itanagar–791112, Arunachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The potential for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to influence the host species depends on their affinities and effects. Twenty three different AMF strains from nearby localities were evaluated for their symbiotic response with Piper longum (long pepper). Saplings were raised in 10 cm thick sand-soil mix inoculated with isolates of different AM fungi. Almost all the studied AMF strains showed increase in plant growth, biomass and nutrient content (N&P) over the control, while retarded growth response was observed with the inoculation of 6 different AMF species. Considering the shoot length, total biomass, nutrient content, chlorophyll content and ischolar_main infection, pre-inoculation with 6 AMF species viz; Glomus fasciculatum, G. versiforme, G. clarum, Glomus sp. 2, G. mosseae and G. etunicatum appeared to be the most promising AM fungi for inoculating this medicinal plant.

Keywords

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Piper longum, Biomass, Glomus Spp., Root Infection

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R. Chaube ¹, R. K. Singh , K. P. Joy ²

Affiliations
1 Zoology Section, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. - 221005, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. - 221005, IN

Abstract

No Abstract

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R. K. Singh ¹, R. Chaube ¹, K. P. Joy ²

Affiliations
1 Zoology Department, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. – 221 005, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. – 221 005,, IN

Abstract

No Abstract

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Prabal Gupta ¹, R. K. Singh ², Maniraguha Fidele ³, Balpreet Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Dev Bhoomi Group of Institute, Dehradun - 248007, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of ECE, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana - 141006, Punjab, IN
3 School of ECE, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, IN

Abstract

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) introduces distortion in the information when MultiCarrierModulation (MCM) technique like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) is used. OFDM is generally preferred when higher data rates are required. So it has become a requirement for the system which is using OFDM to diminish PAPR problem. So, in this paper we are proposing a novel technique in which we are using Selected Mapping (SLM) with clipping technique under Hadamard matrix based phase sequence designed in frequency domain. In the conventional SLM technique which uses multiple phase sequence possessing same length as that of the data sequence in order to diminish PAPR. Therefore, it is highly demanded that we have to propose a technique by which we can design phase sequence in frequency domain easily and can optimized the results in time domain. So, we have implemented an algorithm which design phase sequence in frequency domain conveniently and after transformation through inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) optimize in time domain accordingly. Along with this, we have hybridized clipping technique in time domain so that if in any case PAPR problem is found to be greater than certain threshold then it can clip it in the time domain sequence domain itself. Simulation results clearly provide the justification and efficiency of proposed algorithm as compared with conventional OFDM, SLM and Clipping technique. Proposed novel algorithm attains a significant gain (dB) of 2.85,2.65,2.35,2.05,2.60 and 2.70 in comparison with conventional OFDM system considering several number of sub carriers (N)=32,64,128,256,512 and 1024 respectively.

Keywords

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Selected Mapping (SLM).

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R. K. Singh ¹, D. Elizabath Rani ², Syed Jalal Ahmad ¹

Affiliations
1 GNITC, Hyderabadad - 501506, Telangana, IN
2 GITAM University, Visakhapatnam - 530045, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To Design Doppler tolerant radar codes to enhance multiple moving targets. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper we present a novel mathematical approach to improve the target detection in Doppler tolerant radar. The presented approach in this paper is called Re-Sampling Binary Hex Code Windowing Technique (RSBHCWT). This approach not only increases the amplitude of main lobe, but also decreases the amplitude of side lobs to create multiple windows at desired Doppler. We use mat lab to validate our results through simulation. Findings: We developed a windowing approach that can detect multiple moving targets. Application/Improvements: The presented model is useful in military applications. Our approach is on top of oversampled PTM code by creating number of windows with respect to desired Doppler’s.

Keywords

Hex Codes, Mat Lab, Re Sampling, Windows.

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Prabal Gupta ¹, R. K. Singh ², R. K. Singh ², Balpreet Singh ³, Balpreet Singh ³, B. Arun Kumar ³, B. Arun Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 School of ECE Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, National Highway 1,Phagwara, Jalandhar – 144411, Punjab, IN
2 Department of ECE, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Gill Park, Ludhiana - 141006, Punjab,, IN
3 School of ECE Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, National Highway 1, Phagwara, Jalandhar – 144411, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) undergoes a problem known as peak to average power ratio (PAPR).Selected mapping (SLM) and clipping are the efficient techniques to diminish the PAPR. Hence, in this paper, a frequency domain cyclic shift sequence (FDCSS) based scheme combined with SLM and clipping technique is proposed for the reduction of PAPR. Careful selection of the shifting values, clipping level, and phase sequence reduces PAPR and improves the performance OFDM system. The results of this novel scheme are validated through Matlab simulations under various phase sequences, sub-carriers and shifting values.

Keywords

FDCSS (Frequency Domain Cyclic Shift Sequence), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Peak to Average power Ratio (PAPR)

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Ajay Kumar Maurya ¹, S. K. Sriwas ², Rajendra Kr. Srivas ³, R. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Kamla Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sultanpur – 228118, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi – 284001, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, HBTU, Kanpur – 208002, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Background/Objective: The performance of optical IDMA is evaluated qualitatively on various issues like processing gain, data length, coding technique along with distinct types of inter-leaver. Since we know that optical IDMA possess the optical channel having higher bandwidth with less interference, less distortion and minimum attenuation. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this article, low rate convolutional codes are taken for evaluation purpose. The intention of convolutional encoder is changed various permutation are considered. As we increase the shift registers of convolutional encoder which changes the number of delay elements, after the network topology, increases the error correction capability of code on the cost of some propagation delay and circuit complexity. The constraints length which depend on number of shift registers are changed and performance of O-IDMA is estimated on MATLAB. We have used distinct types of inter-leavers on analysis like random, tree and prime inter-leavers. Performance comparison of various inter-leavers are evaluated and optimum number of users for specific inter-leavers are checked. On the spreading section, the spreading length which resembles to processing gain is also varied and performance of encoder at dissimilar constraint length with variable inter-leavers are observed. Findings:During the simulation, the arrangement of role of spreader and coder are simultaneously observed and results clearly indicates the supremacy of O-IDMA among various other techniques used in recent communication technologies. Applications/Improements: The performance of the O-IDMA system is improved significantly and system support more number of users and high data rate transmission.

Keywords

Bit Error Rate, Convolutional Code, Constraint Length, Optical Inter-Leave Division Multiple Access (O-IDMA), Processing Gain, Random, Tree and Prime Inter-Leaver

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Abhishek Tripathi ¹, R. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Jankipuram Vistar, Lucknow – 226031, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur – 228118, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper presents a novel generalized PLC transceiver architecture (in IDMA system) and also compares the Channel frequency response based performance of PLC (in IDMA system) by varying the number of channels. Methods: The Matlab software is used for Simulation of Power Line Communication model. Multipath channel model for PLC is the model employed for considering the effect of multipath fading, frequency selective fading, physical signal propagation effects in main network and effect of impedance mismatching. The dispersive nature of channel is the base approach used for considering the effect of Intersymbol Interference. Single carrier modulation, FSK, QPSK, or other modulation methods are used as the modulation technique for narrowband applications on power lines. Power Line model Simulated Result for 4 and 15 number of channels concludes the relation between the parameters frequency, magnitude and phase. Findings: It shows the improvement in attenuation (frequency-dependent) and the frequency selective fading in Power Line Channel. The deep notches in the Frequency Response of the channel get reduced hence resulting in the attenuation improvement. By using IDMA with PLC, we can achieve a communication system which inherits the advantages of both schemes IDMA as well as power line channel. Wide variation in the Data rates can be achieved using power line communication. PLC major advantage is that its uses an existing infrastructure, so the cost of communication will get reduced. With PLC which can work over the various frequencies, communication becomes easier and maximum bandwidth can be utilized. Power Line (carrier) Communication system can be preferred choice over wireless or other Home Networking technology because of its easy installation and availability. With PLC which can work over the various frequencies, communication becomes easier and maximum bandwidth can be utilized. PLC technology promotes data communication of medium and low voltage power lines. Application: It involves the delivery of Communication signal with maximum efficiency over PLC applications. Frequency selective fading gets improved with increase in the number of channels when the PLC is used as the media of communication in IDMA system.

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