Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Year
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Kiaei, Majid
- Fiber Dimensions, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Five Important Hardwood Plants
Abstract Views :417 |
PDF Views:110
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), IR
2 Department of Wood and Paper, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR
1 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), IR
2 Department of Wood and Paper, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 11 (2011), Pagination: 1460-1463Abstract
The wood fiber dimensions (fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter), physical (oven-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain) of five hardwood plants such as oak (Quercus castaneaefolia), beech (Fagus orientalis), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), alder (Alnus glutinosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) were investigated. These trees are important plant species for wood production in Iran. Five normal trees of each plant species were selected in north part of Iran and log samples were cut between 2-4 m of stem height to determine the mentioned properties. The relationship between physical properties (wood density) and anatomical characteristics with mechanical strength traits were determined by Pearson correlation. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the types of plant species had significant effect on the different wood properties. The highest of wood density, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression parallel to the grain values were found in hornbeam, beech, ash, and oak, respectively. The lowest of mechanical strength properties was found in alder wood.Keywords
Fiber, Hardwood, Log, Plant, Hornbeam, Beech, Ash, Oak, IranFull Text
References
- Baradan B (2003) Materials for civil engineering. DEU Engg. Faculty Press, Izmir in Turkish.
- Bektas I, Guler C and Basturk MA (2002) Principal mechanical properties of eastern beech wood (Fagus orientalis) naturally grown in Andirin northeastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.Turkish Agri. & Forestry. 26, 147-154.
- Bisset IJ, Dadswell HE and Wardrop B (1951) Factors influencing tracheid length in conifer stems. Aust. For. 15, 17-30.
- Brazier JD and Howell RS (1979) The use of a breast height core for estimating selected whole tree properties of Sitka spruce. Forestry. 52(2), 177-185.
- Cave ID and Walker JCF (1994) Stiffness of wood in fastgrown plantation softwoods: the influence of microfibril angle. Forest Prod. J. 44(5), 43-48.
- Clark J (1962) Effects of fiber coarseness and length, I. Bulk, burst, tears, fold and tensile tests. Tappi. J. 45, 628-634.
- Clark A and Saucier JR (1989) Influence of initial planting density, geographic location and species on juvenile wood formation in southern pine. Forest Prod.J.39, 42-48.
- Cown DJ (1992) Corewood (Juvenile Wood) in Pinusradiata- should we be concerned? New Zealand J. Forestry Sci. 22(1), 87-95.
- De Guth EB (1980) Relationship between wood density and tree diameter in Pinus elliottii of Missiones Argentina. IUFRO Conf. Div. 5 Oxford, England. 1p (Summary).
- Dinwoodie JM (2000) Timber - Its Nature and Behavior. E & FN Spon, Taylor & Francis Group, London and NY.
- Guler B and Ay N (2001) Some mechanical properties of alder (Alnus glutinosa) wood obtained from Artvin REGION. Tubitak Turkish J.Agri. & Forestry. 25, 129-138.
- Harvald C and Olesen PO (1987) The variation of the basic density within the juvenile wood of Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis). Scand. J. Forest Res. 2, 525-537.
- Keyser CA (1986) Materials science in engineering. Charles E. Merrill Publ. Co., Columbus, USA.
- Philips EWJ (1941) The inclination of the fibrils in the cell wall and its relation to the compression strength of timber. Empire Forestry J. 20, 74-78.
- Panshin AJ and de Zeeuw C (1980) Textbook of wood technology. 4ed. NY: McGraw-Hill. pp: 722.
- Parsapajouh D (1998) Wood technology. 4th ed. Tehran University, No: 1851, Iran.
- Schniewind AP (1989) Concise encyclopaedia of wood and wood-based materials. Pergamon Press. pp: 248.
- Shepard RK and Shottafer JE (1992) Specific gravity and mechanical property-age relationships in Red Pine. Forest Prod. J. 42(7/8), 60-66.
- Taylor GD (2002) Materials in construction principles. Practice & Performance, Pearson Edu. Ltd., Malaysia.
- Widehammar S (2004) Stress-strain relationships for spruce wood: Influence of strain rate. Moisture content and loading direction. Soc. Expt. Mechanics. 44(1),44-48.
- Zhang SY (1995) Effect of growth rate on wood specific gravity and selected mechanical properties in individual species from distinct wood categories. Wood Sci. & Technol. 29(6), 451-465.
- Zhang SY (1997) Wood Specific gravity-mechanical property relationship at species level. Wood Sci. & Technol. 31(3), 181-191.
- A Dendrochronological Study on Acer velutinum in Northern Iran
Abstract Views :615 |
PDF Views:125
Authors
Majid Kiaei
1,
Reza Bakhshi
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Chalous, Mazandaran, IR
1 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Chalous, Mazandaran, IR
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 11 (2011), Pagination: 1547-1550Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between climate condition (temperature and precipitation) and tree-ring widths of Acer velutinum in north of Iran. A total of 13 cores from 4 trees in same site were selected to measure tree-ring. To determine the response to the climate, correlation coefficients between tree-ring widths and climate data were calculated using biological years from October of the previous year to September of the current year (by Pearson's correlation and forward stepwise). Pearson's results showed that the temperature (mean, maximum and minimum) hadn't significant effect on tree ring widths, while there is a positive relationship between monthly precipitation of August and tree-ring widths. Forward stepwise results indicated that the tree-ring width values were related to precipitation of August (57.2%) and minimum monthly temperature of March (10.8%).Keywords
Acer velutinum, Dedrochronology, Tree Ring, Temperature, Precipitation, IranFull Text
References
- Carlquist S (1988) Comparative wood anatomy, systematic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of dycotyledon wood. Springer, NY.
- Fritts HC (1976) Tree rings and climate. Acad. Press. NY.
- Grissino-Mayer HD, Holmes RL and Fritts HC (1996) The international tree-ring data bank program library version 2.0, user’s manual. Laboratory of Tree-ring Res., Tucson.
- Panshin A and de Zeeuw C (1980) Textbook of wood technology. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, NY.
- Leal S, Pereira H, Grabner M and Wimmer R (2004) Treering structure and climatic effects in young Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Grown at two portuguese sites: preliminary results. Dendrochronologia. 21(3), 139–146.
- Pourtahmasi K, Parsapjouh D, Brauning A, Esper J and Schweingruber FH (2007) Climate analysis of pointer years in tree-ring chronologies from northern iran and neighbouring high mountain areas. Geookodynamik. 28, 27-42.
- Sevgi O and Akkemik U (2007) A dendroecological study on Pinus nigra Arn. At different altitudes of northern slopes of Kazdaglari, Turkey. J. Environ. Biol. 28, 73-75.
- Touchan R and Hughes MK (1999) Dendrochronology in Jordan. J. Arid Environ. 42, 291-303.
- Anatomical Structural Differences between Branch and Trunk in Ailanthus altissima Wood
Abstract Views :398 |
PDF Views:153
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Wood and Paper, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran
1 Department of Wood and Paper, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 12 (2011), Pagination: 1676-1678Abstract
Wood fiber dimensions such as length, diameter, lumen width, cell wall thickness, Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio of Ailanthus altissima were investigated from wood of trunk and branches. In trunk wood, the length, diameter, lumen width, cell wall thickness, Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio were 940±167, 22.8±4.63, 16.16±4.69, 3.34±1.18, 0.46±0.21, 42.97±11.57, 70.12±9.97 μm respectively, whereas for branch wood the corresponding values were 594±134, 17.81±3.53, 12.78±3.71, 2.49±0.6, 0.38±0.26, 35.31±11.03, 70.70±9.81 μm respectively. Fiber dimensions of A. altissima are in the normal range for hardwoods. The morphology of fibers and its fiber indices from the A. altissima wood is reasonably good for the purpose of paper manufacturing. The short length and thin walled fibers may be expected to give relatively dense papers which are weak in tearing strength, but are superior in burst and tensile properties.Keywords
Ailanthus altissima , Wood Anatomy, Runkel RatioFull Text
References
- Alexander SD and Marton R (1968) Effect of beating and wet pressing on fiber and sheet properties. II. Sheet properties. Tappi. 51(6), 283-288.
- Annergren G, Rydholm S and Vardhelm S (1963) Influence of raw material and pulping process on the chemical composition and physical properties of paper pulps. Svensk Papperstidning. 66(6), 196-210.
- Arlov AP (1959) Load-elongation properties of paper sheets made from Bauer-McNett fractions of beaten sulfite pulp. Nor. Skogind. 13(10), 342-351.
- As N, Koc H, Dogu D, Atik C, Aksu B and Erdinler S (2002) The chemical mechanical, physical and anatomical properties of economically important wood in Turkey. IU Istanbul. J. For. pp: 70-88.
- Ashori A (2006a) Non-wood fibers – A potential source of raw material in papermaking. Polym-Plast Technol. Engg. J. 45(10), 1133–1136.
- Ashori A (2006b) Pulp and paper from kenaf bast fibers. Fibers Polym. J. 7(1), 26–29.
- Barefoot AC Hitchings RG and Ellwood EL (1964) Wood characteristics and kraft paper properties of four selected loblolly pines. Tappi. 47(6), 343,356.
- Bektas I, Tutus A and Eroglu H (1999) A study of the suitability of Calabrian pine (Pinus Brutiaten.) for pulp and paper manufacture. Turk. J. Agri. 23, 589-599.
- Copur Y, Guler C, Akgul M and Tascıoglu C (2007) some chemical properties of hazelnut husk and its suitability for particleboard production. Build Environ. 42(7), 2568–2572.
- Dadswell HE and Wardrop AB (1954) Growing trees with wood properties desirable for paper manufacture. Appita. 12(1), 129-136.
- Deniz I, Kirci H and Ates S (2004) Optimization of wheat straw triticum drums kraft pulping. Industrial Crops and Production. 19, 237-243.
- Enayati AA, Hamzeh Y, Mirshokraie A and Molaii M (2009) Papermaking potential of Canola stalks. Bioresources. 245-256.
- Franklin GL (1954) A rapid method for softening wood for anatomical analysis. Tropical Woods. 88, 35-36.
- Horn RA (1974) Morphology of wood pulp fiber from softwoods and Influence on paper strength. In: USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. FPL 242. For. Prod. Lab, Madison, Wis.
- Kayama T (1979) Pulping and paper making properties and wood properties of tropical hardwoods. Forpride Dig. 8, 48-59.
- Khattak TM and Ghazi J (2001) Suitability of some non-commerical fast growing wood yielding trees growing in azad kashmir for the production of pulp and paper. Pak. J Bot. 33 (special issue).
- Law KN and Jiang X (2001) Comparative papermaking properties of oil-palm empty fruit bunch. TAPPI J. 84(1), 1-13.
- Stockmann VE (1971a) Effect of pulping on cellulose structure: Part I. A hypothesis of transformation fibrils. Tappi. 54(12), 2033-2037.
- Stockmann VE (1971b) Effect of pulping on cellulose structure: Part II. Fibrils contract longitudinally. Tappi. 54(12), 2038-2045.
- Talaeipour M, Hemmasi AH, Ebrahimpour Kasmani J, Mirshokraie A and Khademieslam H (2010) Effects of fungal treatment on structural and chemical features of Hornbeam chips. Bio Resources. 5(1), 477-487.
- Tutus A, Alma HM and Bektas I (2004) the effect of service age on various chemical properties of scots pine and crimean juniper wood used indoor constructions. Wood Res. 49(4), 25-31.
- Ververis C, Georghiou K, Christodoulakis N, Santas P and Santas R (2004) Fiber dimensions lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production. Industrial Crops Production. 19, 245-254.
- Watson AJ and Dadswell HE (1964) Influence of fiber morphology on paper properties: 3. Length: diameter ratio. Appita. 17(8), 146-150.
- Xu F, Zhong XC, Sun RC and Lu Q (2006) Anatomy, ultra structure, and lignin distribution in cell wall of caragana korshinskii. Industrial Crops & Products. 24, 186-193.
- Studying the Effect of the Age of a Tree on Chemical Composition and Degree of Polymerization Cellulose
Abstract Views :348 |
PDF Views:125
Authors
Nima Seyedmohammadi
1,
Mohammad Nemati
1,
Ahmad Samariha
1,
Asghar Tabei
2,
Foad Ravanbakhsh
1,
Majid Kiaei
3
Affiliations
1 Department of Wood and Paper, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Wood and Paper, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran
3 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran
1 Department of Wood and Paper, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Wood and Paper, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran
3 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 12 (2011), Pagination: 1679-1680Abstract
In this study, the effect of the age (6, 8 and 10 years) of Eucalyptus camledulnnesis on chemical composition, gravity and degree of polymerization of cellulose, was determined. Wooden samples were provided from plantation forests. In chemical analysis for each age, the percent of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, extractive, and ash were determined. Results show that by increasing of the age of tree, the amount of cellulose, extractives and lignin increased, but the amount of hemicellulose and ash decreased. Gravity of cellulose liquid also determined and then degree of polymerization (DP) was calculated. The obtained gravity for ages of 6, 8 and 10 relatively are 360, 570, and 620 ml g-1 and DP was relatively 320, 540 and 666 units. At the end, by studying the obtained results in every step, the differences among each three ages were significant, but the difference between the age 6 with other two ages was more. The tree with 10 years older had the highest degree of polymerization but with consideration of the age factor, because of reduction in Forestry cost, the age 8 is suggested for productivity.Keywords
Cellulose, Eucalyptus camledulnnesis, Lignin, Tree AgeFull Text
References
- Atalla RH (1987) The structures of cellulose— characterization of solid state. In: ACS Symposium Series No 340. Am Chem. Soc. Washington.
- Bouchard J, Ovezend RP, Chornet E and Calsteren V (1992) Mechanism of dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose accounting for its degradation in the solid state. Wood Chem. & Technol. 12 (3), 335-354.
- Fengel D and Wegener G (1987) Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reaction. Walta de Gruyter. pp: 73.
- Grace TM and Malcolm EW (1993) Pulp and paper manufacture. Published by the joint text book committee of the paper industry. 5, 631.
- Gumuskaya E, Mustafa U and Huseyin K (2003) The effect of various pulping conditions on crystalline structure of cellulose in cotton linters. Polymer Degradation & Stability. 81, 559–564.
- Ingrubr OV and Kocuresk MJA (1983) Wong. pulp and paper manufacture. Published by the joint text book committee of the paper industry. 4, 347.
- Jahan MS and Mun SP (2005) Effect of tree age on the cellulose structure of Nalita wood (Trema orientalis). Wood Sci. Technol. 39, 367-373.
- Ohshima J, Yokota Sh Yoshizawa N and Ona T (2005) Representative heights for assessing whole-tree values and within-three variations of derived wood properties in Eucalyptus Camaldulensis and E. globules. J. Wood & Fiber Sci. 37(1), 51-65.
- Ona T, Sonada T, Ito K and Shibata K (1997a) Relationship between various extracted basic densities and wood chemical components in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Wood Sci. & Technol. 31, 205-216.
- Ona T, Sonada T, Ito K and Shibata K (1997b) Relationship of lignin content lignin monomeric composition and hemicellulose composition in the same trunk sought by their within tree variations in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globules.J.Holzforshung.51,394-404
- Rymond AC (2005) Genetic of eucalyptus wood properties. J. Ann. For. Sci. (2002) 59, 525-531.
- Sjostrom E (1993) Wood chemistry- fundamentals and applications. 2nd. Acad. Press. NW.
- TAPPI Test Methods T 207 om-97 (2007) Technical association of the pulp and paper industry. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
- TAPPI Test Methods T 222 om-97 (2007) Technical association of the pulp and paper industry. Tappi Press, Atlanta. GA.
- TAPPI Test methods T 267 om-85 (2007) Technical association of the pulp and paper industry. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
- Ucar G and Balaban J (2004) Accurate determination of the limiting viscosity number of pulps. Wood Sci. & Technol. 38, 139-148.
- Wise LE and Karl HL (1962) Cellulose and hemicellulose in pulp and paper science and technology. McGraw Hill Book Co. NY.
- Regional Variation of Cotton Linter Fibers
Abstract Views :333 |
PDF Views:91
Authors
Reza Bakhshi
1,
Majid Kiaei
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity (IAU), Mazandaran, Iran
1 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chalous Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity (IAU), Mazandaran, Iran
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 12 (2011), Pagination: 1691-1692Abstract
This work presents the effect of regional variation (Varamin-Tehran, Klibar-Azarbayjan&Nishabor-Khorasan) on the biometry properties of cotton linter fibers in Iran. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the region had significant effect on the biometry properties of cotton linter fibers. The highest and lowest of fiber length and slenderness ratio were found in Tehran and Khorasan site, respectively. The values of fiber width, cell wall thickness and Runkel ratio in Azarbayjan region and fiber lumen diameter and flexibility ratio in the Khorasan site is more than other regions. The mean of fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter were determined 2860, 19.96, 9.28 and 10.68 μm for combined regions in Iran.Keywords
Cotton Linter, Fiber Properties, Region, IranFull Text
References
- Liese M Perrin (2001) Resisting reproduction: reconsidering slave contraception in the Old South. J. Am. Studies (Cambridge University Press). 35, 255-274.
- Akgul M and Tozluoglu A (2009) Juvenile woods from beech (Fagus orientalis L) and pine (Pinus nigra A) plantations. Trends in Appl. Sci. Res. 4(2), 116-125.