Prince Julius ¹, P. N. Ananthanarayanan ¹, M. Gopikrishnan ¹, M. Thirumavalavan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amet University, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Surfactants play an important role to alter wettability in any reservoir. Adsorption of surfactants onto reservoir surface will reduce the contact between water and oil which indeed has less impact on Interfacial tension. Oil wet reservoirs are specifically preferred than water wet due to high oil saturation. At the same time extracting oil from oil wet reservoir is difficult due to its wetting nature. The only way to extract oil is by altering wettability from oil wet. The aim of this work is to extract more oil with less adsorption by altering oil wet to surfactant wet. Wettability of sandstone has been chosen to alter from oil wet to surfactant wet. Surfactants of low concentration, which is less than CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) has been introduced before surfactant flooding during water flooding to make core surfactant wet. The recovery of oil during water flooding is 0.2 Pore Volume (PV). This has been increased to 0.5 pore volume by making it surfactant wet and adsorption has been reduced to 0.5 pore volumes.

Keywords

Adsorption, CMC, Surfactant Wet, Wettability

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P. K. Senthil Kumar ¹, R. Elavarasi ², Paul Braineard Eladi ¹, M. Gopikrishnan ³

Affiliations
1 SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, IN
2 AMET University, Chennai, 603112, IN
3 Bharath University, Chennai, 600073, IN

Abstract

The present work involves the study of pull-in voltage of MEMS electrostatic Cantilever beam, Fixed-Fixed beam and modified beam structures with perforations of square, rectangular and circular shapes. The analysis is done using COMSOL 4.3 software. The dimensions of the Cantilever beam, Fixed-Fixed beam and three various structured beams modeled in this paper are length = 300 μm, width = 50 μm, thickness = 3 μm and gap between top electrode and ground plane is 2.5 μm. The pull-in voltage obtained for Cantilever beam is 17.6 V and for Fixed-Fixed beam is 118.8 V. For the modified models with square, rectangular and circular perforations are 12.18 V, 15.45 V and 13.75 V respectively. The results of the work demonstrate an ability to achieve lower pull-in voltage levels for three various structured beams modeled in this paper when compared to cantilever and Fixed-fixed beams. The dependence of the pull-in voltage on geometrical parameters, thrusts on stringent design considerations even at the initial stages.

Keywords

Cantilever, COMSOL, Deflection, Fixed-Fixed, Perforated beams, Pull-in Voltage

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S. Rudhra ¹, M. Gopikrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jerusalem College of Engineering, Velachery Main Road, Narayanpuram, Pallikaranai, Chennai – 600100, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bharath University, Agharam Road, Selaiyur, Chennai – 600073, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

A Kalman filter - generalized regression neural network based technique for the classification of power quality disturbances is presented here. A two stage classifier is proposed in which feature extraction is performed using a Kalman filter. Amplitude of the waveforms is the feature extracted from the Kalman filter and given as input to generalized regression neural network which classifies power quality disturbances. Distored waveforms on the power system model were simulated using Matlab software. Five classes of PQ disturbances were classified and the performance evaluation has been done using 500 signals, with a sampling rate of 128 per cycle of each signal.

Keywords

Kalman Filter, Neural Network, Power Quality, Power Quality Disturbances

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