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Gopalakrishnan, K.
- Biosorption of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from Textile Dye Effluent Using Activated Coconut Fiber
Abstract Views :430 |
PDF Views:92
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SRC Campus, SASTRA University, Kumbakonam, Tamil nadu, IN
2 Department of Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur. Tamil nadu, IN
1 Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SRC Campus, SASTRA University, Kumbakonam, Tamil nadu, IN
2 Department of Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur. Tamil nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 2, No 8 (2009), Pagination: 1-4Abstract
This paper presents the performance of the low cost adsorbent coconut fiber in removing the heavy metals such as Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from textile dye effluent. Biosorption studies were carried out for various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time. The maximum removal of heavy metal ions from the textile dye effluent using activated coconut fiber was evaluated successfully through the percentage of seed germination of Vigna mungo L. with the treated adsorbents.Keywords
Biosorption, Zn(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI), Activated Coconut Fiber, Textile Dye Effluent, Seed Germination, Vigna Mungo L.References
- Ahalya N, Kanamadi RD and Ramachandra TV (2005) Biosorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using the husk of Bengal gram (Cicer arientinum). Elec. J. Biotech. 8, 258-264.
- Ahalya N, Kanamadi RD and Ramachandra TV (2006) Biosorption of Iron(III) from aqueous solutions using the husk of Bengal gram(Cicer arientinum). Indian. J. Chem. Technol. 13, 122-127.
- Ash B, Satapathy D, Mukherjee PS, Nanda B, Gumanste JL and Mishra BK (2006) Characterization and application of activated carbon prepared from waste coir pith. J. Sci. Indus. Res. 65, 1008-1012.
- Chuah TG, Jumasiah A, Azni I, Kattayon S and Thomas Choong SY (2005) Rice husk as a potentially low-cost biosorbent for heavy metal and dye removal: an overview. Desalin. 175, 305-316.
- Habib-ur-Rahman, Mohammad shakirullah, Imtiaz Ahmad Sher Shah and Hameedullah (2006) Sorption studies of Nickel ions onto Sawdust of Dalbergia sissoo. J. Chinese Chem. Soc. 53, 1045-1052.
- Kratochvil D, Pimentel P and Volesky B (1998) Removal of trivalent and hexavalent chromium by seaweed biosorbent. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 2693-2698.
- MacCarthy P, Klusman RW, Cowling SW and Rice JA (1995) Water analysis. J. Anal. Chem. 67, 525-582.
- Mckay G (1982) Adsorbtion of dyestuffs from aqueous solutions with activated carbon, part I, equilibrium and batch contact time studies. J. Chem. Tech. Biotech. 32, 759-772.
- Meyer GA and Keliher PN (1992) An overview of analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 2, 473-516.
- Ramana S, Biswas AK, Kundu S, Saha JK and Yadava RBR (2002) Effect of textile dye effluent on seed germination in some vegetable crops. Bioresou. Technol. 82, 273-275.
- Volesky B and Holan ZR (1995) Biosorption of heavy metal. Biotechnol. Program. 11, 235-250.
- Wilde EW and Benemann JR (1993) Bioremoval of heavy metals by the use of micro algae. Biotech. Adv. 11, 781-812.
- In vitro Propagation and Cell Suspension Culture of Callistemon citrinus L.
Abstract Views :850 |
PDF Views:164
Authors
Affiliations
1 Center for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, IN
1 Center for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 3, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 67-69Abstract
The bottle brush tree, Callistemon citrinus is a shrub that is nearing extinction. An attempt to revive this plant and propagate it in vitro has been performed for large scale production. Calli cultured on MS medium with different combinations of cytokinins and auxins viz. 1.0 mg/l Kinetin along with 1.0 mg/l IAA; 1.5 mg/l Kinetin along with 1.0 mg/l IAA; 1.0 mg/l Kinetin along with 1.0 mg/l IBA, and 2.0 mg/l Kinetin along with 1.5 mg/l IBA. All combinations were very effective in inducing callus. 0.5 mg/l kinetin along with 0.5 mg/l IAA was very effective for shoot regeneration and shoot elongation. The developed shoots when transferred to MS medium, supplemented with 1.5mg/l IBA, shows ischolar_main development within a week. Axillary bud proliferation is also observed in the explants inoculated in MS medium supplemented with combinations of kinetin and IAA.Keywords
Callistemon citrinus, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole Butyric Acid ((IBA), Benzyl Amino Purine(BAP)References
- Brophy JJ, Goldsack RJ, Forster PI, Craven LA and Lepschi BJ (1998) The leaf essential oils of the Australian members of the genus Callistemon (Myrtaceae). J. Essen. Oil Res. 10(6), 595- 606.
- Chistokhodova N, Nguyen C, Calvino T, Kachirskia I and Cunningham G (2002) Antithrombin activity of medicinal plants from central Florida. J. Ethnopharma. 81(2), 277-280.
- Dutta BK, Karmakar S, Naglot A, Aich JC and Begam M (2007) Anticandidial activity of some essential oils of a mega biodiversity hotspot in India. Mycoses. 50 (2), 121-124.
- Mahmoud II, Moharram FA, Marzouk MS, Linscheid MW and Salch MI (2002) Polyphenolic constituents of Callistemon lanceolatus leaves. Pharmazie. 57(7), 494-496.
- Lin Che, Pei FU, Wu Lin-sen and Shen Pei-fu (2005) Micropropagation of Callistemon viminalis. J. Fuji Fore. Sci. Technol. 32(1), 52-54.
- Sharma RK, Kotoky R and Bhattacharya PR (2006) Volatile oil from the leaves of Callistemon lanceolatus D.C. grown in northeastern India. Flav. Frag. J. 21(2), 239-240.
- Stanaland BF, Gennaro RN, Sweeney MJ and White RS (1986) Isolation and characterization of cross-reactive allergenic components in Callistemon citrinis and Melaleuca quinquenervia pollen by trans-blot enzymelinked crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Arch Allergy Appl. Immunol. 80(3), 278-284.
- Sudhakar M, Rao CHV, Rao AL and Raju DB (2004) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the standardized oil of Indian Callistemon lanceolatus leaves in experimental animals. Acta Pharmaceutica. Turcica 46(2), 131-139.
- Vogler B, Klaiber I, Roos G, Walter CU, Hiller W, Sandor P and Kraus W (1998) Combination of LC-MS and C-NMR as a tool for the structure determination of natural products. J. Natural Products. 61, 175–178.
- Cheng hou Wu, Feng Yi-min, Ye Zhen-hua, Zhu Chun and Long Li-ping (2007) Callus induction and plant regeneration in Callistemon rigidus (J). Nonwood Forest Res. 27(6),
- Ying Wang (2008) Needs for new plant-derived pharmaceuticals in the post-genome era: an industrial view in drug research and development. Phytochem. Rev. 7, 395–406.
- Computer Modelling of a Vehicle System
Abstract Views :466 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Bharath University, Chennai-73
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Bharath University, Chennai-73
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 6, No S5 (2013), Pagination: 4620-4628Abstract
The purpose of computer modeling of a vehicle system is to develop basic methods for computer formulation and solution of the equations of motion. This requires systematic techniques for formulating the equations and numerical methods for solving them. The computer program developed here for the analysis of vehicle system dynamics is a special purpose program. It deals with only a specific type of application say lateral stability or dynamic response. The equations of motion for that particular application are derived a priori and then formulated into the program. As input to the program, the various data's like, mass of the entire vehicle, sprung mass, unstrung mass etc., the initial values of parameters of a vehicle system have been provided. Such a special purpose program can be made computationally efficient and its storage requirement can be minimized with the result that it will be suitable for implementation on small personal computers.Keywords
Dynamics, Linear Modeling, Sprung Mass, Unstrung Mass, Subroutine Mod, StiffnessReferences
- Allen R W and Azostak H T (1991). Characteristics influencing ground vehicle lateral/directional dynamic stability, SAE paper 910234, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.
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- Besinger F H, Cebon D et al. (1995). Damper models for heavy vehicle ride dynamics, Vehicle System Dynamics,vol 1(1), 35–64.
- Blundell M V (2000). The modelling and simulation of vehicle handling part 4: handling simulation, Journal of Multi-body Dynamics, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K, vol 214 (2), 1–32.
- Choromanski W (1988). Simulation researches of mathematical models of non conventional railway bogies, Engineering Archives of Transport Quarterly, New Delhi, India, 435–441.
- Hallum C (2002). Dynamic traction characteristics of tires, SAE International, 295–2302.
- Clark S K (1981). Mechanics of pneumatic tires, Washington D.C.
- Clover C L and Bernard J E (1993). The influence of lateral load transfer distribution on directional response, SAE Paper 930763.
- Dhar S D, Hohnstadt W E et al. (2002). Integrated modular methodology—philosophy and strategy to build full vehicle finite element model, GM Technical Report, 1–67.
- Dixon J C (1996). Tyres suspension and handling, SAE Inc., Warrendale.
- Ono E, Asano K et al. (2003). Estimation of automotive tire force characteristics using wheel velocity, Control Engineering Practice, 1361–1370.
- Lowndes E M (1998). Development of an intermediate dof vehicle dynamics model for optimal design studies, Ph.D Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the North Carolina State University,
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- Pacejka H B (1993). The magic formula tyre model, Vehicle System Dynamics, vol 21(Supplement 1), 1–18.
- Peng- Xi’an X, and Xie-Xi’an Y, A tire traction modeling for use in ice mobile, SAE Journal Number: 1999-01-0478.
- Renner T E and Barber A J (2000). Accurate tire models for vehicle handling uses the empirical dynamics method, MTS systems Corp., 2000 International ADAMS Users Conference.
- Sakai H (1981). Theoretical and experimental studies on the dynamic properties of tyres, International Journal of Vehicle Design., vol 3(3), 333–375.
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- Kimbrough S S (1999). Rule-based wheel slip assignment for vehicle stability enhancement, SAE Journal No: 1999-01-0476.
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- Verros G, Georgiou G et al. (2005). Multi-objective optimization of quarter-car models with linear or piecewise linear suspension dampers, ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, DETC2005-85232.
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- Kang X and Deng W (2007). Vehicle-trailer handling dynamics and stability control - an engineering review, SAE 2007-01-0822.
- Zhang Y, Palmer T J et al. (1998). Vehicle chassis/suspension dynamics analysis—finite element model versus rigid body mode, SAE Journal No - 980900.
- Zardecki D (1998). Mathematical model of car steering system dynamics with regard to gear backlash and friction, Proceedings of VI International Conference Autoprogres’98, 43–52.
- PC Modeling and Simulation of Car Suspension System
Abstract Views :560 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of Electronics, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of Electronics, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 6, No S5 (2013), Pagination: 4629-4632Abstract
The car suspension system of this model contains two parts. The first part deals with the formulation of a mathematical model for a conventional full car passive suspension system. Typically, the mathematical modeling is done on the basis of mechanical network analysis. The second part deals with simulation of the mathematical model of the suspension system. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB. Program was carried out for MATLAB and the simulation results were obtained in the form of graphical plots.Keywords
Passive Suspension Sprung Mass, Unsprung Mass, Dampers, SpringReferences
- Ogata K (2001). Modern control engineering, 3rd Edn., Prentice-Hall of India.
- Cebon D (1993). Interaction between heavy vehicles and roads, 39th Buckendale Lecture, 1st Edn., SAE Interenational.
- Smith M C, and Wang F (2002). Controller parameterization for disturbance response decoupling: application to vehicle active suspension control, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol 10(3), 393–407.
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- Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Modern Cars in the Role of Stability Analysis
Abstract Views :453 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of ECE, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Department of ECE, Bharath University, Chennai-73
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of ECE, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Department of ECE, Bharath University, Chennai-73
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 6, No S5 (2013), Pagination: 4633-4641Abstract
In India Automobiles provide a vital infrastructure for the growth of industry and agriculture. Human civilization has inevitably relied on substantial movement of passengers and goods in a speedy manner and the volume of this has gone up enormously with massive rise in population and economic activity. The demand of higher operating speeds, greater axle loads, better riding comfort and more running safety has attracted the attention of professional talents to give a serious thought to the problem of vehicle system dynamics and to devise ways and means to achieve the above requirements through effective methods. At present, the researchers are trying to develop mathematical and computer models, which not only provide a more exact simulation but enable studies to be carried out on stability or response, comfort and optimization of the design characteristics of various components of the vehicle system. Vehicle dynamics, stability deals with the study of vehicle in motion under the action of various forces. Any vehicle comprises of linear as well as angular movements along and about the three mutually perpendicular coordinate directions x, y, z. The linear movements are longitudinal, lateral and vertical displacements and the angular movements are rolling, pitching and yawing respectively for x, y, z directions.Keywords
Vehicle Stability, Linear Movements, Simulation, Optimization, Vehicle DynamicsReferences
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- Bastow, and Donald (1990). Car Suspension and Handling, London, England: Pentech Press Limited.
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- Woods D E, and Jawad B A (1999). Numerical Design of Racecar Suspension Parameter, SAE Journal No. - 1999-01-2257.
- Dhar S D, Hohnstadt W E et al. (2002). Integrated modular methodology – philosophy and strategy to build full vehicle finite element model, GM Technical Report, 1–67.
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- Svendenius J, and Wittenmark B (2003). Brush tire model with increased flexibility, European Control Conference.
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- Renner T E, and Barber A J (2000). Accurate tire models for vehicle handling uses the Empirical Dynamics Method, by MTS systems Corp., presented at 2000 International ADAMS Users Conference.
- Sakai H (1981). Theoretical and experimental studies on the dynamic properties of tyres, International Journal of Vehicle Design, vol 3, No. 3, 333–375.
- Samuel K, and Clark U S (1971). Mechanics of pneumatic tires, Department of Transportation, U.S. Government Printing Office.
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- Thermal Properties of Doped Azopolyester and its Application
Abstract Views :443 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Electronics Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-600073, IN
2 Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, IN
3 Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, IN
4 Information Technology, Bharath University, Chennai, IN
1 Electronics Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-600073, IN
2 Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, IN
3 Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, IN
4 Information Technology, Bharath University, Chennai, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 6, No S6 (2013), Pagination: 4722-4725Abstract
The thermal properties of doped Azopolyester were obtained by solution casting technique. Many theories have been suggested by various thermal stability mechanisms in organic solids. Since the polymers of the present study behave like semiconductors, these theories may be extended to explain thermal stability. In this section, the thermal stability theories proposed by O'Dwyer, TGA analysis, and measurements were discussed. The thermal stability properties reveal that the conductivity is appreciable in the temperature ranging from 30°C to 70°C (303 to 343K) and when it is more than 70°C (343 K) the conductivity is drastically reduced and polymeric blends undergo a gradual weight loss in the temperature ranging from 400-800°C due to attributed loss of volatile solvents trapped in the polymer. These studies are done with the help of O'Dwyer basic theory of thermal stability.Keywords
TGA, Thermal Properties, Azopolyester, Conductivity, TGA AnalysisReferences
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- Optical Performance of Doped Azopolyester and its Application
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Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 6, No S6 (2013), Pagination: 4783-4788Abstract
Theoretical and experimental investigations on the optical behavior of thin films mainly deal with band gap, optical reflection, transmission, absorption and their relation to the optical constants. The optical transmittance spectra are recorded from 100 to 1000nm wavelength using a Hitachi UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Model-JASCO V-570) using a doped Azopolyester thin films were observed. Unpolarized radiation at room temperature with a resolution of 2nm was used in this study. Unpolarized radiation at room temperature with a resolution of 2nm was used in this study. The measurements were made on films of typical uniform thickness of 5μm deposited on glass substrate. The substrate absorption was corrected by introducing an uncoated cleaned glass substrate in the reference beam. The study of optical absorption / transmittance is a useful method for the investigation of optically induced transitions which provide information on the band structure and energy gap in both crystalline and non-crystalline materials. Finally optical applications of doped Azopolyester in fiber optic cable were used in telecommunication is discussed.Keywords
Optical Parameters, Doped Azopolyester, Band Gap, Lattice Bonding, Band Structure- Spin Coated Cadmium Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films: Preparation, Structural, Optical and Electrical Characterization
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1 Department of Electronics, SNR Sons College, Coimbatore - 641044, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics, Bharth University, Chennai –600073, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Physics, PSGCAS, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Electronics, SNR Sons College, Coimbatore - 641044, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics, Bharth University, Chennai –600073, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Physics, PSGCAS, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, IN
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Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 35 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Pure and cadmium (Cd2+) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by programmable microcontroller assisted spin coating unit using organometallic precursor. The pure and doped ZnO thin films were deposited on well glass substrate at 1500 rpm under alkaline condition. 400ºC sintered films were characterized for their structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties using X-ray diffraction method, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible absorption method and DC measurements respectively. Hexagonal wurtzite phase with multiple faceted growths was witnessed for pristine film. Without alteration in the phase but dopant induced small variation in the position of prominent peaks were shown by Cd doped ZnO thinfilms. The dopant induced island growth and increasing roughness were clearly unveiled via SEM analysis. Variation in the structure and shape of the optical absorption peak reveal the varying crystallite size in accordance with dopant concentration. The electrical measurements showed that the doping process enhance the conducting property of the films. On comparison 6% Cd doped ZnO films exhibit good conductivity than other films.Keywords
Cd Doped ZnO Thin Films, Electrical Analysis, Optical Properties, Spin Coating, Structural Analysis.- A Smart Automated Embedded Based PCB–Bare Board Testing Machine Design and Development using Flexible Flying Probe
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1 SNR Sons College, Nava India Bus Stop, Between Fun Mall and Lakshmi Mills, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore - 641 006, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Bharath University,173, Agharam Road, Selaiyur, Chennai - 600 073, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 SNR Sons College, Nava India Bus Stop, Between Fun Mall and Lakshmi Mills, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore - 641 006, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Bharath University,173, Agharam Road, Selaiyur, Chennai - 600 073, Tamil Nadu, IN