Ramón Alvarez ¹, Jose Araque ¹, Javier E. Sierra ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Sucre, Cra 28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO

Abstract

Objective: To optimize energy consumption in a home, through a new architecture that incorporates a Home Energy Management System (HEMS) and a decision algorithm that takes into account a mathematical model that includes different automated electronic devices. Methods: We propose a new architecture for a Home Energy Management System (HEMS), which includes a WEB server, interconnection with the different electrical and electronic devices through the Wi- Fi network or Power Line Communications (PLC), and automated electronic devices employing arduinos. Additionally, a mathematical model is proposed to define the decision algorithm, as to which is the best profile or scenario that should be set in the home to minimize the cost of energy. The model takes into account the electricity service rate. Findings: We simulate the proposed model in architecture with 8 electronic devices, evaluating 4 scenarios or user profiles, which take into account the demand of each one, as well as the cost of electric energy in the course of the day. In the software CPLEX, we evaluated the mathematical model and this allowed determining the costs of each scenario, according to the demand in different time slots. The simulation results show that with the proposed architecture and the decision algorithm, fed by the results of the mathematical model, it is possible to minimize the cost of electric power in the home. Application: The proposed architecture can be implemented economically in the home, taking into account user profiles or the season of the year. The model allows minimizing the cost of electrical energy of a house, taking into account the electronic equipment that can be planned and those of continuous operation.

Keywords

Energy Demand, Optimization, Smart Grids, Smart Home, HEMS.

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Juan Carlos Vesga Ferreira ¹, Javier E. Sierra ², Jose Antonio Vesga Barrera ³

Affiliations
1 Escuela de Ciencias BasicasTecnologia e Ingenieria (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia; Carrera 27 Nro. 40-43. Bucaramanga, CO
2 Faculty ofEngineering, Universidad de Sucre, Cra 28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO
3 Facultad de Ingenieria, Corporacion Universitaria de Ciencia y Desarrollo - UNICIENCIA. Cra. 12 #37-14, Bucaramanga, CO

Abstract

Background/Objectives: HPAV uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) for the voice and video package transmission, in order to offer properQoS levels. The main goal of this paper is to propose a model M^m/M/1/B that allows assessing the performance of a Power Line Communication network (PLC) under TDMA, during the transmission of multimedia packages, using a AFR package (Aggregation with Fragment Retransmission). Methods/Statistic Analysis: In this paper, the throughput saturation concept for a finite Number N of stations. For that reason, it will be assumed that the package size is fixed of L bits to a rate of C Mbps. In order to analyze the performance of the network supported in TDMA, a model M^m/M/1/B is proposed; such model is based on a Round Robin Scheduler (RR) scheme, according to the MAC structure hybrid for HPAV. Subject Relevance: AFR is a scheme that was proposed to reach a high efficiency rate in the layer of Media Access Control (MAC) and that, to date, has only been considered in Wireless networks supported in 802.11n. Additionally, up to date, no models to assess the performance over TDMA applied to HPVA in different bibliographic sources have been found. Results: Based on the obtained results, it was possible to observe that the model permits to assess the probability of loss packages, the efficiency MAC over TDMA, the throughput and the levels of delay on a PLC network during a transmission of video and voice under a AFR scheme, according to the number of stations, the size of the containment window and the available bandwidth in the channel. Application/Improvements: The model proposed can be considered as a tool in future research papers, for the transmission of Voice and video over HPVA, to assess aspects related to QoS.

Keywords

Home Plug, Powerline, Performance, Throughput, AFR, CSMA/CA

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José Araque ¹, Ramón Alvarez ¹, Javier E. Sierra ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Sucre, Cra. 28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO

Abstract

Objectives: This paper focuses on the reduction of harmonic content in the voltage output waveform of a 31 level asymmetric monophasic cascaded multilevel inverter using the Simulated Annealing Optimization (SAO) algorithm. Method: The SAO algorithm was used to find the appropriate switching angles for the stages of the converter using MATLAB. First, the technique employed was simulated and evaluated; then, a prototype of the multilevel inverter was developed for validating the results obtained in simulation. Findings: The output waveform, the harmonic profile graphic, and THD evolution were obtained both the simulation and the prototype. The SAO algorithm allowed to calculate the appropriate switching angles for the asymmetric multilevel inverter, permitting to obtain a low THD (less than 5%), using a relatively low number of semiconductors compared with the symmetric topology. The SAO algorithm also allowed finding the solution of transcendental equations system through a heuristic approach, avoiding the local minima problem presented in traditional methods. Novelty /Improvement: The proposed method (SAO) avoids the potential issues with local minima present in traditional methods for the switching angles computation in cascaded multilevel inverters.

Keywords

Multilevel Inverter, Simulated Annealing, THD

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Juan Carlos Vesga Ferreira ¹, Javier E. Sierra ², Jose Antonio Vesga Barrera ³

Affiliations
1 Escuela de Ciencias Basicas Tecnologia e Ingenieria (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia; Carrera 27 Nro. 40-43. Bucaramanga, CO
2 Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Sucre, Cra 28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO
3 Facultad de Ingenieria, Corporacion Universitaria de Ciencia y Desarrollo - UNICIENCIA. Cra. 12 #37-14. Bucaramanga, CO

Abstract

Background/Objectives: HPAV uses a new retransmission model of lost packages called Aggregation with Fragment Retransmission (AFR), which utilizes CSMA/CA as a mechanism to accessing the media. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of a network supported in HPAV standard under the scheme AFR. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper, the concept of saturation of throughput will be used for a finite number of stations . For that matter, it is necessary to assume that the size of the package is fixed of bits to a rate of Mbps. Additionally, an adaptation to Bianchi’s model was carried out adjusted to the MAC structure of HPAV, which allows to represent CSMA/CA as a Markov’s chain in discrete time of two dimensions. All this is done in order to represent the back-off procedure under a scheme DCF with saturated stations. Relevance of the Subject: AFR is a scheme that was proposed in order to achieve a high efficiency in the control layer of media access (MAC), based on CSMA/CA, and that, to date, has only been considered in Wireless networks supported in 802.11n. To date, similar works have not yet been found applicable to HPAV in the vast bibliographic sources. Results: Based on the obtained results, it was possible to observe that the model allows to assess the probability of lost packages, the MAC efficiency, the throughput and the delay levels in a PLC network, under a scheme AFR, subject to the number of stations, the size of the containment window and bandwidth available in the channel. Application/ Improvements: It is recommended to carry out similar studies under the use of TDMA over HPAV for the voice and video broadcasting, having into account that HPAV uses a mechanism of accessing to the hybrid media in order to offer adequate levels of QoS.

Keywords

HomePlug, Performance, Powerline, Throughput, AFR, CSMA/CA

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Leonardo D. Bula ¹, Boris Medina ², Javier E. Sierra ²

Affiliations
1 Corporación Universitaria del Caribe, Sincelejo, Sucre, CO
2 Universidad de Sucre, Cra28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO

Abstract

Objectives: In the present work, the design of an Inventory Management Model is proposed, taking into account the Service Level, according to the criticality parameters in the scrap casting process in Steel Manufacturing. Methodology: The Inventory Management evaluation is carried out by measuring the Costs associated with this policy, making a comparison of the Inventory Management Models through a diagnosis to identify the products to be evaluated, the Level of Service required by the Client and the current Inventory Policy. Findings: The development of a Cost Analysis − which is based on the revision of current policies of the Company and an ABC classification of Inventories − generates a support tool to improve the Management of this System, providing support for the decisions that must be made at the tactical and operative levels, regarding opportunity in quantities and times of supply. Application/Improvements: The Inventory Management plays an important role in any organization, favoring the search of the balance between the costs, in order to make purchases required by the company and to control the Inventory Levels to reduce the costs of possession, associated with a Service Level that can be demanded by the Client or by the Process.

Keywords

Inventory Management, Inventory Policy, Steel Industry

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William S. Puche ¹, Juan C. Vesga ², Javier E. Sierra ³

Affiliations
1 Politecnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Carrera 48 # 7-151, Medellin, CO
2 Escuela de Ciencias Basic as Tecnologia e Ingenieria (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia; Carrera 27 Nro. 40-43. Bucaramanga, CO
3 Universidad de Sucre, Cra 28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO

Abstract

Objectives: The current technologies of wavelength routing and allocation of available for WDM networks are no longer applicable in Elastic Optical Networks (EON), since all their connections are allocated in a fixed manner, as provided for ITU. Therefore, the topic concerning routing and allocation of resources in EON is relevant given the growth projected in web traffic. This survey includes the evolution, main characteristics, and the process of routing and allocation of wavelengths required by EON. Methodology: The processes of allocation of sub-wavelengths and those of super-wavelengths are presented, as well as the multiple storage for different transmission rates and the principle of spectral contiguity. The process of routing and allocation taking OFMD into account is explained. Findings: In this study, we present a survey with routing and allocation techniques of wavelengths that improve the spectral efficiency of EON. Application/Improvements: This survey provides a wide knowledge on the methods to improve the spectral efficiency in EON. Such efficiency can promote an advance in new routing and allocation techniques for the optical transport networks.

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Juan Carlos Vesga Ferreira ¹, Jose Antonio Vesga Barrera ², Javier E. Sierra ³

Affiliations
1 Escuela de Ciencias Basicas Tecnologia e Ingenieria (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia; Carrera 27Nro. 40-43. Bucaramanga, CO
2 Corporacion Universitaria de Ciencia y Desarrollo UNICIENCIA. Cra. 12 #37-14, Bucaramanga, CO
3 Universidad de Sucre, Cra 28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO

Abstract

Objectives: This article describes the development of two prototypes supported in the e-Health Sensor Shield V2.0 Arduino low as processing architecture, in order to manage and monitor physiological parameters related to the prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) is presented. Methodology: The introduction of Information Technology and Communications (ICT) in the health sector have fostered the creation of new approaches that encompass related to prevention, care, management and health education, offering alternatives to address traditional problems activities. Findings: The ultimate purpose of the system is to encourage user self-care culture and healthy lifestyles as obesity, hypertension and diabetes are now considered as a focus of health programs. Application/Improvements: Prototypes allow the capture, analysis, processing and remote transmission via internet biometric data (glucose and blood pressure) that can be accessed from any device.

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Javier E. Sierra ¹, Juan Carlos Vesga ², Boris Medina ¹

Affiliations
1 Universidad de Sucre, Cra 28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO
2 Escuela de Ciencias Basicas Tecnologia e Ingenieria (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia; Carrera 27 No. 40-43. Bucaramanga, CO

Abstract

Objectives: In this paper, we propose a model of livestock innovation lab employs the concept of living in the context of smart cities, which will improve the productivity of livestock farms of Sucre - Colombia. Methodology: living lab concept is analyzed and defined as it applies to cattle farms taking into account the concept of co-creation, exploration, experimentation and evaluation. Findings: A model of innovation livestock incorporating information technology and communications, implements a living lab including an information system, smart irrigation system with adequate knowledge management and decision support through big data. Application/Improvements: The model will improve livestock productivity using intelligent decision making using the concept of big data.

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Juan Carlos Vesga Ferreira ¹, Martha Fabiola Contreras ¹, Javier E. Sierra ²

Affiliations
1 Escuela de Ciencias Basicas Tecnologia e Ingenieria (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia; Carrera 27 Nro. 40-43. Bucaramanga, CO
2 Universidad de Sucre, Cra 28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Telemedicine can be considered IoT evolution of the telecommunications-oriented provision of health services remotely sector. This development implies that it is necessary to have specialized with ability to articulate a consultation service, monitoring or acquisition of information related to the health sector, with ongoing communication processes via Internet devices. The aim of this paper is to design a device capable of consulting the medical history of a patient, which is hosted in the cloud under a scheme of IoT is present. Methods: The prototype is supported under the use of a client / server architecture, which uses an Arduino as processing element, MFRC522 cards MIFIRE operating in the 13.56MHz band respectively. Results: The results obtained allowed to demonstrate the possibility of developing such solutions at low cost, thereby facilitating its use and overcrowding in all places where this service is required. Application/Improvements: The prototype developed can be considered as a strategy of technological innovation in the field of telemedicine supported in IoT, because that will reveal a fairly quick and efficient medical history of the patient way for any eventuality or routine procedure in order optimize service processes and delivery of services by health agencies. In future related work it is recommended to establish alternative mechanisms of connectivity and storage of information, which allow reaching higher levels of system performance on a large scale.

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Javier E. Sierra ¹, Juan Carlos Vesga ², Maria F. Sierra ¹

Affiliations
1 Universidad de Sucre, Cra28 # 5-267, Sincelejo, CO
2 Escuela de Ciencias Basicas Tecnologia e Ingenieria (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia; Carrera 27 Nro. 40-43. Bucaramanga, CO

Abstract

Objectives: This article describes the development and implementation of a domotic system communication using as channel domiciliary mains (110 V/60 Hz) to control one or more devices used at home, from the study of the low-proposed stress as a means of data transport. Methodology: The control is performed by software developed in C++ Builder and installed on a PC, using a microcontroller for addressing and two cards PLC 101s-12A for coupling to the line and the FSK modulation for data transmission. Findings: By analyzing the behavior of the system, evaluating the relationship between the behavior of the channel (mains) and data transmitted as well as the cost/benefit ratio to establish the advantages of the prototype to other technologies offered by the current market, it is determined to be a viable proposal to be implemented in households. Applications/Improvements: The system can be used to control devices in residential and industrial environments using the electric network as a physical transmission medium, an aspect that can be considered of great importance when designing and implementing a home automation control solution. For future research work it is suggested the design of prototypes that allow establishing alternative communication processes and coexisting with PLC, in order to generate mechanisms of redundancy and efficiency during the periods of transmission and control of processes.

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