Himanshu Anand ¹, Anil Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shepherd School of Engineering and Technology, Shiats-Du, Allahabad - 211007, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shepherd School of Engineering and Technology, Shiats-Du, Allahabad - 211007, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Background/Objectives: A frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented with operating frequency as 3.35 GHz. This antenna is capable of switching to six different frequencies. Methods/Analysis: A reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna has been designed with slots cut in the ground plane. Three p-i-n diode has been introduced between these slots on the ground plane. The antenna produced six different frequency bands between 4.1818 GHz to 7.2727 GHz at operating frequency 3.35 GHz. The projected antenna has been designed using Taconic35 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and thickness of 1.52 mm. Findings: The proposed antenna exhibits multi-frequency behavior. This antenna is capable of switching to six different frequencies viz. 4.1818 GHz, 4.2424 GHz, 7.3333 GHz, 4.3030 GHz, 7.2727 GHz and 7.2121 GHz. At these frequencies proposed antenna produces six Return loss viz.-19.6476 dBi, -20.8143 dBi, -23.8396 dBi, -22.8885 dBi, -21.5707 dBi and -25.6389 dBi and Gain of 2.5808 dBi, 2.0623 dBi, 2.5694 dBi, 2.2819 dBi, 3.2810 dBi and 3.1969 dBi. Novelty/Improvements: In this paper a compact frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna has been presented with less Return loss and high gain in compare with the conventional one.

Keywords

Microstrip Patch Antenna, Reconfigurable Frequency, p-i-n Diode.

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Jyotsna ¹, Himanshu Anand ², Preeti Verma ³, Harinder Sandhu ¹

Affiliations
1 AIET, Faridkot – 151203, Punjab, IN
2 EIED, Thapar University, Patiala – 147004, Punjab, IN
3 EED, MEFGI, MEFGI, Rajkot – 360003, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In this paper a comparative analysis is presented for Economic Environmental Dispatch. Methods/Statistical Analysis: An optimization problem Combined Heat and Power Economic Emission Dispatch (CHPEED) is the answer of minimizing the cost and emission while keeping the heat and power demand. Between Construction Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) with (RCGA), (NSGAII), (SPEA2), a comparative analysis is presented. Findings: CPSO algorithm provides a competitive effectiveness in terms of solution quality and as far as CPU time is concerned, it leads to top notch performance.

Keywords

Combined Heat and Power, CHPEED, CPSO.

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