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This paper deals with quantitative fault zone descriptions, qualitative fracture and fault rock properties, and engineering data in the study of the permeability structure of fault zones. Datasets include scan-lines, drill cores and cement grouting from Seyahoo dam in andesite and basalt rocks, from which systematic grouting volumes can be used to analyze the in-site relative permeability both in host rocks and fault zones. Dam-scale injection of cement reveals patterns that can be ascribed to the impact of faulting; there is an increase in cement injection in fault zones compared to areas with background fracturing away from faults. In detail, there is an innate division of the rock volume into subzones characterized by distinct structural style and permeability, with a background level and three fault related subzones (fault core, inner damage zone, and outer damage zone). Injection data shows that the background sub-zone commonly can be injected with less than 0.05 m³ cement per meter dam (commonly not injected), whereas the fault core has permeability characteristics nearly as low as the outer damage zone, represented by 0.1 m³ cement per meter dam, with occasional peaks towards 0.2 m³. The maximum of cement injection lies in the inner damage zone, the marginal to the fault core, with 0.3-0.5 m³ cement per meter dam, locally exceeding 0.7 m³. This gives a relative relationship for cement injection of approximately 1:3:1 between fault core, inner damage zone, and outer damage zone of extensional fault zones in crystalline rocks.

Keywords

Permeability, Fault Zones, Fracture Distribution, Cement Injection, Seyahoo Dam

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A Proposal for Geological Groutability Index (GGI) of Cement Grouting in Rock Foundations

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Authors

Hamid Reza Rostami Barani ¹, Gholamreza Lashkaripour ¹, Mohammad Ghafoori ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, IR

Source

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 7, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 95-103

Abstract

The groutability of fissured rock masses is strongly dependent on fracture characteristics: degree of joint spacing, joint aperture, continuity, and presence of weathering in fill. Survey of the drill core boxes permits for estimating the degree of jointing spacing and joint aperture. Nonetheless, weathering in-fill and continuity cannot be detected. In this concept, the rock fracture groutability quality is defined by the Geological Groutability Index (GGI). A Geological Groutability Index (GGI), denoted as FGGI, may thus be defined as a numerical function of the components: joint spacing (BS) and joint hydraulic (JH), i.e., F_GGI = f (BS, JH). The rock mass foundation with this index can be zoned according to different quality classes and each particularly improved zone. The proposed technique requires the interpretation of the results, from which the Lugeon (Lu) value effect in the section is certified, and the rock fracture classification criteria are applied. The GGI is an effective reference to foundation improvement design.

Keywords

Cement Grouting, Geological Groutability Index (GGI), Rock Mass Classification, Water Pressure Test

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