Rupesh Gupta ¹, Param Gupta ¹, Anachal Sharma ¹, Jatin Bhalla ¹, Gaurav Garg ²

Affiliations
1 Chitkara University, Chandigarh - 140401, Punjab, IN
2 Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra - 136119, Haryana, IN

Abstract

This Paper gives an overview about the latest camless engine designed using laser LDR circuit. Engines that are being used in today’s automobile consist of a cam shaft which lifts up and closes the fuel inlet and outlet valves of the engine. Due to the inefficiency of the cam shaft to open up and close the engine fuel valves on time, it does not follow the ideal valve timing diagram and gives less output power and fuel economy then the calculated one. Lack of efficiency to open up and close the engine valves on time also result in presence of hydrocarbon and unburnt fumes in the engine exhaust. In order to overcome all these inefficiencies, a camless engine is developed in which the valves of the engine are actuated hydraulically with the help of a laser LDR Circuit. In the proposed system a laser LDR circuit is fitted over the crank shaft of the engine which senses the exact time of opening and closing of engine valve. The developed engine gives better power output and fuel economy by making the engine to follow the ideal valve timing diagram and hence eliminates all the inefficiencies of the engine by making today’s automotive engines more environment friendly by producing less hydrocarbons and unburnt fumes. The newly developed camless engine can be used in any type of automobile which uses IC engine as a power unit.

Keywords

Camless Engine, Engine using Laser-LDR Circuit, Hybrid Engine, Laser Interferometer, Valve Actuation System.

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Gaurav Garg ¹, Mamta Juneja ¹

Affiliations
1 UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second utmost diagnosed cancer among aged men all over the world. CaP contributes as a main health issue for men, posing a challenge to oncologists, urologists, and radiologists for diagnosis purpose. Methods: There are several ways to delineate the prostate capsule using different imaging modalities, which act as one of the vital step for development of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system. Findings: In order to assist novice researchers for CaP diagnosis, this paper presents the general working theme of CAD system and highlights the different classes of existing prostate segmentation techniques. In order to study different cancerous or non-cancerous anatomical views of CaP in different modalities, the key role of this paper is to fill the gap between the actual CaP view and beginner perception about CaP Region of Interest (ROI). Application/Improvement: Various research gaps that are current open challenges for competent and effective development of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for CaP are also a part of this paper.

Keywords

Cancer, CAD, Diagnosis, Modality, Prostate.

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