V. Jaime De La Ossa ¹, Donicer Montes-Vergara ¹, Maria Cecilia Monroy-Pineda ²

Affiliations
1 Universidad de Sucre, CO
2 Universidad de Sucre, Programa de Ingeniería Civil, CO

Abstract

Objective: Wildlife vehicle strikes were determined on a road that passes through the northwestern portion of Montes de María, a relictual area of a tropical dry forest in the Department of Sucre, Caribbean, and Colombia. Methods/statistical analysis: The study area was located between the Pechelín Bridge (9° 26’12’’ N - 75° 26’20’’ W) and Colosó (9° 29’10’’N - 75° 21’ 18’’O), Sucre, Colombia, an alternating tropical zonobioma. The study was carried out for 6 continuous months, from October, 2016 to March, 2017, with two routes/week, between 05:00 and 08:00, at an average speed of 15 km/hour. The samples were identified in situ. Duncan’s multiple range tests was applied for the analysis. Findings: Vehicle strikes of 66 amphibians (35.9%), 76 reptiles (41.3%), 12 birds (6.5%) and 30 mammals (16.3%) were recorded. There was no significant difference between the two analyzed seasons. The daily roadkill rate (TA) was 0.35 ind/day/km. According to the Duncan’s multiple range tests, the amphibian and reptile groups suffered significantly more roadkills; on the other hand, the species with the greater number of collisions were: Rhinella marina, Iguana iguana and Didelphis marsupialis. The roadkill rate in the present study was relatively high when compared with rates established in other studies. The proximity of the dry forest present with its relict landscape resulted in the high calculated value. Application: Wildlife vehicle strikes form a type of environmental deterioration that requires special attention. The results showed that preventive measures and corrective steps must be taken to avoid the negative impact of anthropic actions.

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Jaime De La Ossa-V ¹, Alexander Perez-Cordero ¹, Donicer Montes-Vergara ¹

Affiliations
1 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad de Sucre, CO

Abstract

Objective: We have evaluated aspects related with the subsistence hunting of Podocnemis Lewyana and Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, chelonians that inhabit the wetlands of the low San Jorge River in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods/statistical Analysis: During the first four months of 2018, representative sample of 83 resource extractivists and the information was collected through the survey method; the capture effort was calculated; for the population parameters, the number of individuals and the total length of the carapace were taken into account. The socioeconomic aspects linked to the use of the resource were characterized and also included descriptive statistic and the Kruskal Wallis test. Findings: It is determined that both the turtle hunt as well as its commercialization is significantly carried out by people of the male sex. The effort of capture has very high comparative values, which indicates for P. lewyana, that its populations are deteriorated, aspect that is corroborated, because the capture was minimal and composed only with juvenile animals. The methods of capture, in general, are harmful for the animal, even, as in the case of the burning of pastures, highly impacting. Evidence obtained indicates that the use of R. melanosterna, consumed exclusively in the diet of the hunters, because it is a species without commercial appreciation, is a new variant of the substitution effect, which occurs because the species of chelonians with Sale value is marketed and those that are not eaten. Application: Knowledge of the ecological and social aspects that are involved in the use of wildlife is a valuable input to advance conservation programs; especially when it comes to chelonians.

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Alexander Perez-Cordero ¹, Jaime de la Ossa-V ¹, Donicer Montes-Vergara ¹

Affiliations
1 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad de Sucre, CO

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the antagonistic activity of the essential oils of Cananga odorata flowers as a phytosanitary alternative against the phytopathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The essential oils were obtained from C. odorata yellow flowers in the municipalities of Sincelejo and La Union, Sucre, by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. The tests of antagonistic activity were carried out on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. The chemical profiles of the oils were made by GC/MS. With the results, the variance analysis and the Tukey test (p-value≤0.05) were performed for the significant differences. Findings: The results show that the flowers of C. odorata are a potential source of the raw material for the production of essential oils, due to their high yield, for which commercial exploitation is proposed. Presented the essential oil collected in Sincelejo the highest yields with 0.86% (v/w). In addition, the two essential oils presented antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides, being the one collected in Sincelejo the one that showed the highest averages of inhibition with 62.17%, followed by La Union with 57.38%. But at concentrations of 20,000 mg/L, 100% inhibition was found, similar to the positive control with benomyl. The MIC was 17,000 mg/L and 18,000 mg/L with 88.47% and 84.65% for Sincelejo and La Union, respectively. While the MFC was 100% at concentrations of 18,000 mg/L and 19,000 mg/L for Sincelejo and La Union, respectively. The analysis by GC/MS showed that the flowers of C. odorata collected in Sincelejo correspond to the Linalool chemotype and La Union al Bencil Benzoato. Improvements/Applications: Natural products represent a biotechnological alternative for phytosanitary problems, in this highly polluted planet, thanks to its high antagonistic capacity, zero environmental pollution and high biodegradability.

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