Sudha Gupta ¹, Aninda Mandal ¹, Debadrito Das ², Animesh Kumar Datta ²

Affiliations
1 Departments of Botany, Pteridology-Palaeobotany Section, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, IN
2 Departments of Botany, Cytogenetics, Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Ancient DNA (a-DNA) studies in past three decades has been uplifted from short stretch archaeological mtDNA retrieval to reconstruction of complete mitochondrial genome sequence using next generation sequencing. Study of a-DNA acts as validating tool to test the assumed hypothesis used in origin, evolution, diversification, distribution, domestication and extinction of species; although, scientific progression in the field is frequently hindered by erroneous reports due to contamination and other technical bottlenecks. With the advent of appropriate methodologies such as 3’-C3 spacer tagged oligonucleotide blocking, shotgun sequencing, amplicon sequencing Polymerase Chain Reaction, single primer extension methodology, development of broad spectrum ancient sequence primer, slippage proof amplification methods, use of multiplexing strategy in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification, etc. in a-DNA research try to minimize the difficulties associated with it. Present review highlighted the pitfalls as well as prospects of a-DNA study and tries to assess the significance and acceptability of a-DNA research for its future application in understanding of evolutionary biology.

Keywords

a-DNA, Extraction Difficulties, Modern Technologies, Retrospect of a-DNA

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Divya Vishambhar Kumbhakar ¹, Animesh Kumar Datta ¹, Debadrito Das ¹, Venu Prabha Sahu ², Sukhdeo B. Barbuddhe ², Suraj Sharma ², Bapi Ghosh ¹, Ankita Pramanik ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Cytogenetics, Genetics and Plant breeding Section, Kalyani University, Kalyani, Nadia - 741235, West Bengal, IN
2 Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda, Raipur - 493225, Chattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Use of nanoparticles (Cu- and CdS-NPs) in mineralization of azo dyes (methyl red and malachite green) for waste water management and effectivity against serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. Methods: To study azo-dyes mineralization potentiality, dye-NPs reaction mixtures are analyzed using UV-vis near infra-red spectroscopy, HPLC and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Antimicrobial effectivity of NPs is studied following quantification of inhibition zone from disc diffusion assay. NPs mediated bacterial cell cycle inhibition is analyzed following flow cytometry. Findings: The proposed MG degradation pathways using Cu- and CdS- NPs are pioneering reports. Dye mineralization efficiency of Cu-NPs is found to be higher than CdS-NPs. On the basis of analysis of reaction intermediates (using HPLC, ESI-QTOF-MS), separate dye degradation pathways are proposed. Disc diffusion assay reveals antimicrobial effectivity of NPs for controlling human pathogenic bacteria. Flow cytometry can be used as efficient tool for ascertaining NPs mediated microbial growth inhibition. Application: Photocatalytic potentiality of the prepared NPs can be effectively used for removal of azo-dyes contaminants from waste water. NPs can also be effectively used against studied human pathogenic bacteria for drug designing.

Keywords

Azo-dyes; Antimicrobial Potentiality, Cu- and CdS-NPs, FACs, Photocatalysis

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