Amritpal Singh ¹, Jashandeep Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, IN
2 Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been established as a vital index for diagnostics and prognosis of a number of pathological conditions. Moreover, HRV is a proven indicator of autonomic balance. As HRV is a result of multiple responses acting at various time scales, these interactions need to be quantified. In this paper, a complexity measure called ApEn is utilized to quantify the complexity of HRV. This method is tested on age stratified standard Fantasia database from Physionet. It is observed that young subjects show higher HRV complexity than the older ones. The effect of tolerance threshold ‘r’ is also evaluated on the HRV complexity estimation of young and old subjects. Further, for r≥0.10, the complexity of HRV is higher for young subjects but the trend is reverse for r<0.10. Therefore, it is concluded that the tolerance threshold ‘r’ should be carefully selected for the complexity analysis of HRV.

Keywords

Approximate Entropy, Autonomic Nervous System, Complexity, Heart Rate Variability.

Full Text

   

Divesh Kumar ¹, Amritpal Singh ¹, Satish Kansal ²

Affiliations
1 I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Kapurthala Highway, Ibban, Kapurthala – 144603, Punjab, IN
2 Baba Hira Singh Bhattal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lehragaga, Sangrur – 148031, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The demand of electricity is increasing very rapidly, with this increase in demand the burden on power system is increasing to meet this increasing demand, but it is very challenging because, the power system which we are using is aradial bus distribution system. The main problem while using redial system as a distribution network is the voltage drop which distorts the voltage profile of whole network. The primary cause of reduction of system voltage is, a huge amount of reactive power requirement of the load, because a large part of load is inductive. Around 13% of the generated power is wasted during transmission of power, so it is very necessary to improve voltage profile and to increase the efficiency of the network to prevent this loss of power. The PSO approach has been implemented to improve the voltage profile by optimizing the location of capacitor and to find its size. This test has been performed on the IEEE 33-bus and 66-bus radial distribution system which is designed with the use of MATLAB Software. The maximum number of capacitor units appropriate for the improvement for voltage profile is also checked in this work.

Keywords

Bibliography Review, Distribution System, Optimal Placement of Capacitor, Optimization Technique PSO, MATLAB

Full Text