Meera Alphy ¹, Ajay Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat –131029, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The main intention of this work is to propose dynamic recommended system which has a better understanding of navigation preferences of the online users and effectiveness of a website Methods: Our proposed method introduces an advance clustering architecture by introducing an improved cluster head selection mechanism with the effect of data elements similarity patterns. To distribute the similarity of data, two cluster head called primary and secondary cluster heads and both will be activated at the same time. The output patterns of each user profile are trained using Radical Basis Function (RBF) neural network Findings: The proposed method is compared with various traditional clustering approaches like an ant clustering, k-means clustering and spherical k-means clustering. Proposed system provides better quality when compared to the traditional clustering approaches. Improvements: The quality of the proposed system is evaluated in terms of precision, coverage and F1 measure. The proposed method is compared with various traditional clustering approaches like ant clustering, k-means clustering. The experiment results show that our proposed system provides better quality when compared to the traditional clustering approaches. Application: site improvement, site modification, business intelligence and usage characterization.

Keywords

Double Head Clustering, Neural Network, Page Cluster, Radical Basis Function Network, User Cluster, Web Mining, Web Usage Mining.

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Ajay Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Fundamental Physics Society, His Mercy Enclave, Post Box 107 GPO Shimla – 171001, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The origin of various equations involving variation of mass with velocity is discussed and new exponential equation is derived. At lower velocity this equation and Lorentz equation both give same results. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The various references right from inception of concept of variation of mass with velocity are discussed. The basic common point in various equations is that invalid operation division by zero is involved. Initially such equation was initiated by Thomson, and used by following scientists. Thus aspects are theoretically discussed. Findings: A newly derived equation is exponential in nature and is interpreted in view of existing experimental observations. It does not involve division by zero, hence never predicts that mass becomes infinite when velocity of body, v =c. Lorentz has given equation for transverse mass mT = ε 􀟛 mrest , where is undetermined factor or coefficient differing from unity by quantity of the order v2/c2. Lorentz’s equation (relativistic mass) is experimentally verified by with reasonable accuracy up to velocity 0.75c. Thus Lorentz’s equation is confirmed in limited region. In LHC the protons have energy 13TeV move with velocity at about 0.9999 99990c, at this velocity the relativistic mass of proton must be experimentally measured and compared. Then it must be confirmed up to which extent Lorentz’s equation is obeyed. New theory of variability of speed of light implies that speed of light was more in the early universe. It supports exponential equation which allows superluminal velocity. Applications/ Improvements: The exponential equation is the first equation which provides extension in the Lorentz equation in conceptual and mathematical way. It stresses superluminal velocities at some stages of formation of universe. The exponential equation can be checked in experiments in LHC which involve velocities tending to that of light and other experiments.

Keywords

Einstein, Exponential Equation, Lorentz, Relativistic Mass, Transverse Mass

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Ajay Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Fundamental Physics Society His Mercy Enclave, Post Box 107 GPO, Shimla – 171001, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objective: Third law is critically analysed in view of definition and elaboration given by Newton at page 20 of the Principia. It is evident that law is incompletely studied. Methods/Analysis: Newton did not give any mathematical equation for the law. The definition and explanation of the law is completely analyzed theoretically and discussed in view of the experimental data. Newton’s explanation is simply qualitative, not quantitative which is required for scientific analysis. The law is universally applicable to all cases and all bodies without any constraint. However Newton elaborated the same in terms of just three qualitative examples which is not scientific. Findings: The terms action and reaction neither possess units nor dimensions, even expressed in terms of equations the explanation is qualitative only. The law is understood in terms of force only. However Newton expressed law in terms of both force and velocity in three examples. If law is expressed in terms of force and velocity analogous to action and reaction, then its limitations are evident. For example it does not account for the significant factors e.g. inherent characteristics, nature, compositions, flexibility, rigidity, magnitude, size, elasticity, shape, distinctiveness of interacting bodies, mode of interactions, point of impact etc. The law is universally applicable for all bodies e.g. bodies may be of steel, wood, rubber, cloth, wool, sponge, spring, typical plastic, porous material, air/fluid filled artifact, mud or kneaded flour or chewing gum specifically fabricated material etc. For all such bodies if the action is same, then the reaction must be the same. But it is not found true in all cases, as interaction between rubber and steel are different from rubber and cotton. Application/Improvements: Thus law is generalized; reaction is proportional to action depending upon characteristics of system. Mathematically, Reaction = -K action, the value of K may be equal to, less than, or greater than unity depending upon experimental parameters.

Keywords

Coefficient, Generalized, Newton, Third Law

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