Asha Masohan ¹, Mamshad Ahmed ¹, Sushil Kumar Nirmal ¹, Ajay Kumar ², Madhukar Onkarnath Garg ³

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005, IN
2 Chemical Metrology Section, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012
3 Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005

Abstract

CO₂ is recognized as a major contributor of global warming. We report a facile, sensitive and accurate method for estimating CO₂ content in the alkanolamine solvents. It can be applied to a host of alkanolamine solvents as well as solvent mixtures for screening for prospective absorbent for CO₂ capture. In this method, pH of the CO₂-loaded absorbent sample is measured and referred to a "reference pH graph" of corresponding amine with sulphuric acid that is constructed under specific conditions. The authenticity of the method was validated from known amounts of CO₂ added in the form of CO₂-saturated water to three different types of alkanolamines i.e. the primary (monoethanolamine, MEA), secondary (diethanolamine, DEA) and tertiary (triethanolamine, TEA) alkanolamines. The method was compared with known methods and found to be better in terms of accuracy.

Keywords

CO₂ Estimation, pH, Pk_a, Alkanolamines, Gas Absorption

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Sandeep Dhariwal ¹, Vijay Kumar Lamba ², Ajay Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, IN
2 Global College of Engineering and Technology, KahnPur Khui - 140117, Punjab, IN
3 Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar - 125001, Haryana, IN

Abstract

In this paper, rectangular and circular shape antennas are designed for analyzing the performance characteristics of an antenna. Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube (CNT), Metallic Carbon Nanotube (MCNT), Copper and Graphene are considered as the patch materials. There are different parameters but conductivity has been taken to differentiate between these patch materials. Each patch material has its own conductivity through which a comparative analysis has been implemented in this paper. Different types of parameters like Return loss, Gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and Radiation pattern are obtained and discussed to analyze the results. Resonant frequency for the metallic CNT rectangular patch antenna has been noticed at 2.85 GHz. Resonant frequencies of 2.87 GHz and 2.88 GHz has been obtained for Copper and Graphene patch antenna in rectangular shape. Comparison of simulated results has been obtained in the same manner for circular shape antenna. A resonant frequency of 18.74 GHz has been noticed for patch antennas in circular shape. On comparing the simulated results, Graphene patch antennas has been observed to deliver best performance.

Keywords

Conductivity, Graphene, Metallic CNT, Patch Antenna, Semiconducting CNT, VSWR

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Pankaj Kalra ¹, Rajeev Garg ², Ajay Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 IKG PTU, Kapurthala – 144603, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, SBSSTC, Ferozepur – 152004, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Applied Science and Humanities, SBSSTC, Ferozepur – 152004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In this paper, modeling and simulation of an anode supported axially symmetric tubular SOFC was performed. The nodal and current density variation of properties of SOFC were analyzed. The tubular SOFC was fed with 89% H2-11% water as fuel and high temperature air as the oxidant. The molar flow rates were adjusted so as to obtain the specified 85% fuel utilization&25% O2 utilization of air. The SOFC was operated at a reference of 1 std. atm. pressure and 1000ºC temperature. Also, electrochemical analysis and computational fluid dynamics study of various components was done. Methods: The model developed was in congruence with experimental data available for commercial prototypic 2.2 cm diameter Siemens Westinghouse tubular SOFC 1.5 m axial length located at Pittsburgh. Findings: The nodal variation graphs depicted a decreasing concentration of reactants and increasing one for the products along the length of the Tubular SOFC. The losses encountered due to polarizations are found to decrease along the SOFC. The Nernst potential and polarization losses as expected increase with an increasing current density. The graph for variation of Voltage with a change in current density showed a decrease in voltage developed with increasing current density and was found to very closely approach the plot developed for Siemens Westinghouse tubular SOFC experimental data. The results although closely matches the experimental results are also helpful in designing of a practical Tubular SOFC. Applications: The modeled tubular SOFC can be further improved by variation of properties along the radial direction; any angular variation in properties for homogenous system can still be ignored.

Keywords

Electrochemical Analysis, Nodal Variation, Polarization, Power Density, Voltage.

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