J. Y. Sharma , Grace Lhouvum , Suresh Chauhan , Banwari Lal , T. P. Singh , Varghese Paul

Abstract

Bauxite residue, also known as red mud, is a by-product of the Bayer Process. Bauxite is composed principally of the monohydrate and trihydrate forms of alumina in varying proportions. The research study was conducted to rehabilitate used red mud ponds of INDAL (Indian Aluminium Company Ltd.), Belgaum, Karnataka, India, by identifying suitable trees, grasses, and legume species as well as amenders, including bacteria and mycorrhizae, to improve the physico-chemical condition of red mud deposits and convert it to a substrate. Amenders such as gypsum, FYM (farmyard manure), fly ash/vegetative dust in different proportions, forming three basic combinations, A, B, and C, were developed. These three combinations were then treated with the bacteria and mycorrhizae both alone, and in combination, to form twelve treatments and one control. The research study showed that there is remarkable change in the physical and chemical properties of red muod after amendment, which provides the platform for plantation growth. The best combination found for treating red mud ponds was: Red mud + 20% FYM + 10% Gypsum + 15% Fly ash + Bacteria + Mycorrhizae for four tree species, Prosopis julijlora, Acacia nilotica, Pangamia pinnata and Melia azedarach, and three grass/legume species Brachiaria mutica, Chloris gayana, and Sesbania sesban.

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T. P. Singh

Abstract

The Kyoto Protocol allows assistance being given for sustainable development as a contribution to carry out the ultimate objective, ie. Reduction of GHG emissions. Forests act as carbon sinks, therefore, farm forestry can be immensely useful for CO₂ sequestration. The article presents a case study in this context from Pilibhit District (Uttar Pradesh). The land holders, divided into three categories - small, medium and large holdings, the majority ofland being with medium landholders. Medium farmers grow more trees on their lands as compared to other categories. Usually, Eucalypts, Poplar, Teak, Kadam are being planted. It is estimated that total biomass production is likely to be 32,800 tonnes/year and the stored carbon 16,400 tonnes/year. Thus farm forestry holds tremendous potential for sequestering and storing carbon.

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T. P. Singh , Suman Datta , V. Varalakshmi

Abstract

Joint Forest Management (JFM) experiences in India have revealed the crucial role that social and economic incentives play in sustaining these efforts. JFM was conceived as a sustainable management system based on active participation of forest fringe dwellers whose opportunity cost was compensated by giving some rights and privileges on forest products. However, the definition and scope of the JFM programme is being expanded from rehabilitation of degraded forest lands to socio-economic development of resource-dependent communities; from managing resources for meeting peoples' demand for forest products to managing pressures through alternatives. The purpose of this paper is two fold: (i) to assess the extent to which the sustainability of JFM programme is dependent on rural development and (ii) to evaluate the extent of effects of already taken rural development efforts in four States under JFM namely Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. It is seen that from a forest resource management programme, States have adopted an integrated approach of rural development to supplement forest protection measures. The emphasis is now on meeting the social, economic and human development needs of communities. The village-level institutions created for natural resource management are also emerging as the focal point for rural development and each of these functions is mutually enriching and supportive. The paper traces this paradigm shift, ably supported by examples from across the country to present the crucial role for socio-economic development of communities for sustaining join forest management initiatives. It emphasises that a self-reliant community is a prerequisite for sustaining forests and should be the basic philosophy for community Forestry Programme.

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Pia Sethi , T. P. Singh

Abstract

Case studies from India indicate that village resource development activities may provide an important incentive for sustaining interest in the Joint Forest Management Programme apart from leading to improvements in people's livelihood status. Ensuring sustain ability of such activities , however , requires several innovative measures including the development of village funds and enhancing of inter-sectoral linkages.

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T. P. Singh , V. Varalakshmi , Sudhir K. Ahluwalia

Abstract

Forests constitute both a sink and a source of atmospheric CO₂, In developing countries like India, the potential land area available for the implementation of forest management options for carbon conservation and sequestration is constrained by socio-economic circumstances. Farm Forestry involves the growth and management of trees on private lands and this provides an excellent opportunity for carbon sequestration while supplying wood and non-wood products to meet both domestic and market requirements. Under the Farm Forestry programme in the State of Uttar Pradesh in India, nearly 1906.8 million trees have been planted during the period 1979-94 of 1525.44 million are estimated to be surviving. In terms of land coverage, this works out to over one million hectares. This is significant and adds up to nearly 30% of the entire good natural forest cover in U.P. State. It is estimated that nearly 20 million tonnes of Carbon has been sequestered by these Farm Forestry plantations. Government policies and programmes that are supportive of Farm Forestry, could be the major instruments for increasing carbon sequestration from Farm Forestry, thus contributing to the implementation of the Climate Change Policy.

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M. Kamat , T. P. Singh

Abstract

No abstract

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T. P. Singh , G. S. Paliwal

Abstract

Analysis of growth responses of seven broad-leaved tree species under various fertiliser treatments in the nursery conditions indicate that fertiliser applications lead to a marked improvement in growth response as determined by parameters like seedling height, stem girth, as well as the widlh and length of the leaves.

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T. P. Singh , G. S. Paliwal

Abstract

The present work has been aimed at analysing the growth response of seven indigenous tree species under the various fertiliser treatments in the field conditions. The results obtained have revealed that a marked improvement in growth responses takes place by fertiliser application. However, any recommendation as to the fertiliser and its dosage for a particular species will have to take into consideration soil characteristics of the plantation site. Keeping in view the above limitation, specific recommendations of fertiliser doses have been made for the seven species investigated.

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V. R. S. Rawat ¹, T. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Forests and Climate Change Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) P.O. New Forest, Dehradun
2 Forests and Climate Change Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) P.O. New Forest, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

no abstract

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T. P. Singh ¹, R. S. Rawat ¹, V. R. S. Rawat ¹, M. K. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Biodiversity and Climate Change Division, Directorate of Research Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, P.O. New Forest, Dehradun - Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

India has stabilized its forest and tree cover which is about 24.01 per cent of its total geographical area. Forests store significant amounts of carbon in its biomass, litter, dead woods and soil; and it has a major role in climate change adaptation and mitigation. Soil carbon is the largest terrestrial carbon pool and it holds a very important role in the carbon cycle. Soil samples were collected from all major forest types in different parts of the country as well as from adjoining non-forest areas for estimating the loss of soil organic carbon due to land conversion. The results of this study indicated that maximum soil organic carbon stock was under tropical moist deciduous forests (1665.65 million tonnes) followed by tropical dry deciduous forests (1572.38 million tonnes) and least under Himalayan dry temperate forests (3.85 million tonnes). The total soil organic carbon stocks i.e., 4327.36 million tonnes and 4680.25 million tonnes were estimated under the forests in the year 1995 and 2007 respectively. The estimate showed that due to increase in forest cover during the assessment period, soil in Indian forests acted as a net sink of 352.89 million tonnes of soil organic carbon. The maximum increase in soil organic carbon stock during this period was under tropical moist deciduous forests (125.91 million tonnes) and the least increase was under Himalayan dry temperate forests (0.23 million tonnes).

Keywords

Soil Organic Carbon Stock, Forests, Forest Types, India.

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V. R. S. Rawat ¹, T. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 BCC Division, ICFRE Hqs, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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V. R. S. Rawat ¹, T. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Biodiversity and Climate Change Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun (Uttrakhand), IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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