Shailendra Kumar , Surinder Kumar , K. S. Kapoor , Ranjeet Singh , S. Chakrabarti

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Surinder Kumar , S. Chakrabarti , K. S. Kapoor , Shailendra Kumar

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A. Karthikeyan , Shailendra Kumar , Surinder Kumar

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A laboratory experiment was condncted to study the biocontrol effect of Trichoderma viride on Phytophthora cinnamomi. Simultaneously, the chemical treatments like carbendazim and Zn dust individually and in combinations were applied on P. cinnamomi. In this experiment, T. viride suppressed the growth of P. cinnamomi and zoosporangial development more effectively than other chemical treatments. It is, therefore, concluded that applying T. viride against P. cinnamomi might be an eco-friendly method for controlling the disease.

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A. Karthikeyan , G. S. Goraya , Shailendra Kumar , S. Kalia

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A study has been undertaken in the diseased Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) L.Don (Deodar) forests I\t Chail (Himachal Pradesh) to find out the causative factor of the disease and their mortality. The infected trees showed yellowing, shortening needles and the causative pathogen was identified as Phytophora cinnamomi which is causing ischolar_main rot disease. The rhizosphere soil samples of the disease-affected trees showed higher soil moisture due to blockage of water conductivity. The results of the study explicit that the fungus causes water stress in the diseased trees because of ischolar_main rot. Under favourable moisture conditions the activity of the pathogen becomes vigorous. However, studies are under investigation to control the disease.

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Shailendra Kumar , N. S. K. Harsh

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Ashok Kumar , Shailendra Kumar

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Ashok Kumar , Surinder Kumar , Ranjeet Singh , Shailendra Kumar

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Acacia catechu is a very important and preferred tree species in afforestation programmes in the lower sub-tropical zone of Himachal Pradesh. It is valued for its heartwood, which is used for extracting katha and cutch, ingredients of a number of Ayurvedic and Unani medicines. It suffers serious disease problem in the form of ischolar_main rot by Ganoderma lucidum causing great economic losses. Present paper discusses incidence of Ganoderma ischolar_main rot disease in a khair plantation in lower Siwaliks of Himachal Pradesh. 4.45 per cent tree mortality was recorded which indicated towards an alarming situation. The trees are showing early symptoms of discoloured foliage, trees with stag horn branches and gaps in lines due to removal of dead trees. The inoculum builds up very fast in the area where the sporophores were seen on dead trees, stumps and wood chips in the infected area. Incidence of drying and wilting was more severe in the cultivated portion than the unmanaged part of the land.

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Suresh Chandra , N. S. K. Harsh , Shailendra Kumar

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Kikar (Acacia nilotica) is an important agro-forestry species found in plains of Northern India. From last few decades the decline of the species has been recorded and drying and dying of the trees is still going on. For the purpose of study, Punjab and Haryana, where wood of kikar (Acacia nilotica) is very useful were selected. Apart from the soil factors, average rainfall and global warming, impact of development activities and urbanization, like Road widening, expansion of cable network, blazing, lopping and injuries caused to the trees during operation are found deep major causes. Role of decay and ischolar_main rotting fungi, which harbor the exposed and injured portion of the tree has also been recorded.

Keywords

Wood Rotting Fungi, Blazing, Ganoderma Root Rot, Mixed Stands

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Shailendra Kumar ¹, R. P. Kandpal ¹, Ramkishore ¹

Affiliations
1 Wood Seasoning Discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006, IN

Abstract

The shrinkage pattern of wood provides some important information to monitor the drying stresses. Knowledge of timing, severity and reversal of the drying stresses may help to develop faster kiln drying schedules. Tangential shrinkage at core and shell layers of wood was measured in intact condition and slices were cut from exactly same layers. The slices were allowed to relieve their stresses first and then oven dried. The results indicate that shell layers of the wood are affected by higher magnitude of the drying stresses as compared to core layers. The results also indicate that after the stress reversal in wood, the rate of tangential shrinkage of wood also changes. In 41 days of drying, the stress reversal and shift in rate of intact shrinkage of wood in tangential direction coincided on day 21 of the drying. This work demonstrates that it is possible to determine the timing of the stress reversal by monitoring the rate of the change of wood shrinkage in tangential direction.

Keywords

Drying Schedules, Drying Stresses, Stress Reversal, Wood Shrinkage.

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Shailendra Kumar ¹, Ramkishore ¹, R. P. Kandpal ¹

Affiliations
1 Wood Seasoning Discipline, Forest Products division, Forest research institute, Dehradun-248006, IN

Abstract

A semi-green house type improvised design prototype of solar timber drying kiln was designed and constructed at Forest Research Institute (F.R.I.), Dehradun (30.32° N, 78.03° E). Roof and side walls of the kiln were made of double glass glazing. The inclination angle of south facing roofs of the kiln was divided into two parts in order to provide sufficient heat to solar kiln in winters. Aluminium finning was done in kiln's main flat plate solar collector made of G.I. (Galvanised Iron) sheet for efficient heat removal, which ran parallel to the roof. The air circulating fans were positioned to force air to flow from north to south direction. The design allowed the flowing air interact with Aluminium fins. The east and west walls of the kiln were also provided with inbuilt blackened G.I. sheet flat plate collectors to trap solar energy in early morning and late evening. Empty test runs in month of April, 2014 showed quick temperature rise in kiln especially in morning and evening, and maximum temperature of 98.6° C was achieved inside the kiln at 14:00 hrs. A test wood charge of 1 m³ teak wood of thickness 3.8 cm was dried from 70% to 11% MC (Moisture content) without any significant visible defects in 15 days.

Keywords

Solar Kiln, Solar Collectors, Wood Drying, Solar Radiation.

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