Dheeraj Singh , M. Chaudhary , P. S. Chauhan , V. C. Prahalad , A. Kavita

Abstract

Developing countries are being encouraged to diversify their food exports by developing new products and adding more value to existing ones. Adding value to and diversifying food exports depends not only on changing production but also processing systems. The traditional Indian fruits are very rich in nutritional parameters and a variety of by-products can also be prepared from them. This paper describes the importance of some of Indian fruits like Bael, Phalsa, Wood apple and Custard apple. These fruit trees thrive well in stony, infertile and neglected lands and bear heavily without any input. Their bulk use in food industry will improve nutrition and provide variety. With little effort, they can be semi-processed locally for supply to food industry. This can provide employment opportunity to the unskilled but energetic youth. The medicinal values of these fruits have additional attraction and there is a tremendous scope for their further exploration.

Keywords

Fruit from Trees, Bael, Phalsa, Wood Apple, Custard Apple,value Addition, Nutrition,
Livelihood.

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A. Vasishth , J. R. Manmohan , P. S. Chauhan , S. B. S. Pandey

Abstract

Bamboo is a versatile group of plants which is capable of providing ecological, economic and livelihood security to the people. Importance of the crop as a source of raw material for industrial and domestic use with its growing demand all over the country necessitated its cultivation in farm lands as well. Bamboo can give yield up to 50 tonnes per hectare per year in managed stands. It is estimated that about one quarter of the biomass in tropical regions and one-fifth in sub-tropical regions comes from bamboo. Bamboo culms grow to more than 40 metres in three to four months in some species. India is producing the largest volume of pulp from Dendrocalamus strictus and Bambusa bambos (B. arundinacea). Approximately 5 million standard bamboos are extracted directly and indirectly from forests in Rajasthan, amounting to Rs. 100 million. For the promotion of bamboo utilization, cottage and handicrafts is a major sector for employment generation and product diversification. The annual consumption of bamboo is 4.5 million MT of which 1.9 million MT is utilized for paper making. Out of this one per cent is being derived from natural forests. Bamboo is basically a household plant species around the houses and compounds on farmlands. Keeping in view the vast untapped potential of the bamboo plant, it has been decided to implement a scheme on National Bamboo Mission for addressing the issues relating to the development of bamboo in the country.

Keywords

Bamboo, Potential, Utilization, Handicrafts, National Bamboo Mission

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J. D. S. Negi , P. S. Chauhan , Mridula Negi

Abstract

Available data on meteorological observation , phytosociological studies , population dynamics and biomass in moist Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forest of Doon Valley and adjacent dry deciduous forest are utilized to understand the structure and functioning of ecosystem. Seventy years mean maximum and mean minimum daily temperature and rainfall were analyzed for each five-year interval (1931-2000). It was observed that there is an increase of O.5°C in mean maximum temperature and decline of 1.1°C in mean minimum temperature. However total rain (monsoon , June to October + local rains , November to May) has declined by 17% during seventy year of period , whereas the local rains has increased by 27% since 1981 onward. Fluctuations in temperature and rainfall have pronounced effect on the distribution of evergreen and deciduous tree species. Further , change in climatic pattern and microclimatic conditions as a result of deforestation have noticeable impact on forest decline. Atmospheric CO₂. enrichment has put a positive response in enhancing productivity of these ecosystems.

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Vivek Dhand , A. K. Tripathi , R. K. Manhas , J. D. S. Negi , P. S. Chauhan

Abstract

A study was carried out in the Forest Research Institute Campus, Dehra Dun to estimate the carbon content of some of the important tree species to have an idea about the responses of these species to the changing climate. The conclusive outputs of this paper are, (i) Pinus roxburghii is storing maximum amount of carbon followed by Pterospermum acerifoIium, Syzygium cumini etc.; (ii) the carbon storing efficiency of some species like P. roxburghii, Shorea robusta etc. is decreasing with increasing concentration of CO₂, This may be due to the fact that biota is currently releasing additional carbon to the atmosphere rather than storing carbon. This new hypothesis, against our general hypothesis that with increasing atmospheric carbon the efficiency of storing carbon will also increase, is a preliminary study and needs much more studies and experiments.

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P. S. Chauhan , Rakesh Kumar , J. D. S. Negi

Abstract

An attempt has been made to understand the foliage water loss pattern in Sal forest in Barkot Forest Range of Dehra Dun Forest Division. The study reveals that heavy canopy opening resulted in increase in atmospheric temperature, which is causing stressful environment for the community. Under this stressful environment Mallotus philippensis appears to be drought tolerant species, which can cope with the adverse environment conditions to some extent. This has the conformity that in the Sal forest, where the moisture has become the limiting factor, Mallotus philippensis is the only species, which is colonising during the phase of retrogressive succession.

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J. D. S. Negi , P. S. Chauhan

Abstract

In the recent past most of the land in Doon Valley , which was under the forest cover , agriculture and orchard has been reduced remarkably and converted into a jungle of concrete. The manifold increase in the number of automobiles and industrial activities has caused rise in the concentration of Green House Gases (GHGs) resulting in an increase in atmospheric temperature. The present paper describes the estimated biomass and productivity of 11 representative sites for accounting carbon storage by Sal (Shorea robusta) , which contributes 18.5-98.1 % of the total crop. The standing biomass was calculated using prediction equations for each diameter classes in each site and expressed on hectare basis. Age of each crop was calculated with the help of age and diameter correlation for each quality class for determining productivity. The increase in temperature followed by the increased rainfall has ultimately provided the favourable condition for fast decomposition and mineralisation resulting in high productivity and subsequently high carbon sequestration.

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P. S. Chauhan , R. K. Manhas , J. D. S. Negi , Lokender Singh

Abstract

Dominance, diversity and regeneration status of a moist sub-tropical sal forest in Doon valley was investigated. The results of the study reveal that S. robusta, Ardesia solanacea and Oplismenus compositus were the most dominant species in tree, shrub and herb layers respectively. Shrub layer was the most diverse strata, closely followed by the herb strata. Forest of Asarori are becoming more diverse and heterogeneous. Regeneration studies exhibited reverse 'J' shaped curve for sal, which signifies good regeneration. But low conversion rate of seedlings to saplings requires proper management.

Keywords

Diversity, Regeneration States, Shorea robusta, Ardesia solanacea, Oplismenus compositus, Doon Valley

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P. S. Chauhan , N. K. Joshi , H. S. Bist , R. C. Dhiman

Abstract

All the three shrub species under study recorded better results with regard to sprouting, call using and ischolar_maining under prolonged dip treatment in IBA and NAA for 24 hours as compared to a quick dip. The best ischolar_maining treatment in cuttings of species investigated is as follows- Woodfordia prolonged dip in 100 ppm NAA, Debregeasia prolonged dip in 50 ppm IBA and Coriaria prolonged dip in 100 ppm IBA. The number of ischolar_mains in Woodfordia and Coriaria was maximum with a prolonged dip in NAA and in Debregeasia a quick dip in IBA provided maximum number of ischolar_mains. Average ischolar_main length was maximum with quick dips in NAA for all the three shrub species under study.

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P. S. Chauhan , V. Raina

Abstract

Studies were carried out to find out the effect of seed weight on germination and growth of chir pine seedlings. Positive relationship have been found among seed weight and shoot length, ischolar_main length, fresh weight of shoot and fresh weight of ischolar_main in both the seed lots. There seems to be no relationship between the initial seed weight and germination percentage.

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J. P. Chandra , P. S. Chauhan

Abstract

Gibberellic acid was used for improving seed germination of spruces Soaking of seeds in 500 ppm solution gave as good results as soaking in 750 and 1000 ppm. Germination percentage of a seed sample which had 30 percent germination one and half years before, was recorded as, 25, 58, 74, 75 and 80 after soaking them in water, 250 ppm., 500 ppm., 750 ppm, and 1000 ppm. Gibberellic acid solution respectively.

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Jitendra Singh , R. A. Kaushik , P. S. Chauhan , S. K. Jain , A. Kavita

Abstract

Singhara cultivation is an important option for the rural families in neglected wetlands as a profitable venture. Its cultivation is sure to add rural employment opportunity and to render additional income to the growers.

Keywords

Singhara, Wetlands, Aquaculture

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Prerak Bhatnagar , M. K. Kaul , Jitendra Singh , J. R. Manmohan , P. S. Chauhan

Abstract

Comparative effects of drip and micro sprinkler systems under kinnow + kinnow and kinnow + poplar silvi- horti system were studied under sub tropical climate. Drip system of irrigation was found promising in maintaining better growth of kinnow plants. Kinnow + Poplar system of plantation was found superior over kinnow + kinnow system of plantation under drip irrigation system. Under this system (kinnow + poplar) of plantation, values of plant height at 70% ETC were 2.55 m, canopy volume 23.51 m³, ischolar_mainstock girth 11.13 cm, scion girth 10.76 cm, and leaf area were 16.07 cm². Of course, values for all these traits were higher at 100 % ETc under kinnow + kinnow system of plantation over kinnow + poplar system of plantation under drip system but these were at par with each other. Irrigation of kinnow orchards at 100 % ETc was found better irrespective of the systems of irrigation.

Keywords

Micro-irrigation, Kinnow, Poplar, Growth

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Jitendra Singh , P. S. Chauhan

Abstract

no abstract

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Jitendra Singh , P. Bhatnagar , P. S. Chauhan , A. Mishra , C. K. Arya , S. K. Jain , A. Kavita

Abstract

Maturity has important implications in harvesting fruits at proper stage so as to have developed proper marketing as well as quality attributes. Immature fruits are more prone to shrivelling and mechanical damage and develop inferior flavour when ripe. Overripe fruits tend to become soft with more susceptible to postharvest physiological disorders than fruits picked at the proper maturity. Thus, for all kinds of fruits, harvest maturity is important Different fruits manifest different signals at the time of maturity. A phasic variation is noted in shape, size, colour, flavour, TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, polyphenol, tannin, enzyme activity, nutrient composituion, etc. as the fruit approaches harvest maturity Of course, growers perception works well in judging maturity. Actually, a fruit is considered worth harvesting when it attains proper stage of maturity in terms of physical and biochemical parameth quality.

Keywords

Maturity Standards , Harvesting, Fruits, Biochemical Changes, Ripening

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Jitendra Singh , P. S. Chauhan , A. kavita

Abstract

By and large, the seeds collected from the dry deciduous forests of the 'Malwa' plateau region were medium to large in shape and mostly brown in colour. The majority of seeds manifested recalcitrant nature. Ripening of the seeds was mostly during summer months.

Keywords

Dry Deciduous Forests, Malwa Plateau, Morphology of Seeds

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S. K. Jain , Jitendra Singh , P. S. Chauhan

Abstract

In present paper it has been strived to deal all nutraceutical attributes of 'aonla' rendering it suitable for processing besides delineating scope for development of beverages there from. 'Aonla' had been under use for preparation of conventional processed products such as preserve, 'chyavanprash', candy, dehydrated shreds, pickle, etc. Being rich source of vitamin C and poly phenols, aonla has strong antioxidant activity and therefore getting popular in recent years as nutraceutical food. But the harsh processing treatments involved may sometimes cause significant loss in its nutritive and pharmacological properties. Hence, alternatively aonla is put to use in the development of juice and beverages. Since it is highly acidic and astringent in taste it has to be mixed with other fruit juices such as lime, ginger, etc. for preparation of RTS, squash and syrups. Similarly, aonla juice could be utilized to mix with other fruit juices for development of vitamin C rich fruit juice based beverages.

Keywords

Emblica Officinalis, Indian gooseberry, Fruit, Nutraceutical, Pharmacological properties.

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Lal Chand Mehta ¹, Jitendra Singh ¹, P. S. Chauhan ¹, Bhim Singh ¹, R. K. Manhas ²

Affiliations
1 College of Horticulture and Forestry (Agriculture University, Kota), Jhalawar Rajasthan-326 001, IN
2 Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Kathua–184104, Jammu and Kashmir, IN

Abstract

The potential of fruit trees to sequester carbon and thereby provide an environmental service remains unexploited. Although not fully understood, CO₂ fixation in fruit orchards is probably higher in comparison to fixation in annual herbaceous crops. The present study was conducted in Jhalawar district of Rajasthan State, western India. A total of 7 trees were harvested to assess the biomass and carbon content in various parts of Citrus reticulata, and derive the allometric biomass equation for future research. The mean aboveground biomass was 10.05±0.03 Kg tree^-1. The average aboveground allocation of biomass was nearly 76% and belowground biomass was 24%. The maximum carbon was stored by fruit biomass (2.10 Kg tree^-1) followed by ischolar_mains (1.42 Kg tree^-1) and branches (1.11 Kg tree^-1). Total carbon stored by 6 yr old C. reticulata plantation was 5.94 Kg tree^-1 and 1.65 t C ha^-1. A total of four biomass models were studied for developing a reliable equation for biomass estimation. All four models were found to be statistically significant (Ftest, P < 0.01) for all the aboveground and belowground plant parts, along with total biomass. Models with diameter as the only independent variable had less bias percentage (bias%) and percentage ischolar_main mean square error (RMSE%) values than the models with diameter and height as the independent variables.

Keywords

Biomass, Biomass Model, Carbon Content, Nagpur Mandarin, RMSE%.

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