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Journals
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Jha, M. N.
- Soil Water Interaction under Different Tree Plantations
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Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 47-54Abstract
A study on soil water retention pattern under Chir (Pinus roxburghii), Khair (Acacia catechu), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus hybrid) plantation and barren land was conducted in Mussoorie Forest Division (UK). Multivariate test showed that the mean soil retention changes across the different soil depth. The maximum amount of water was retained by the soils under Khair (356.90 to 879.40 k lit/ha) followed by Chir (286.73 to 913.13 k lit/ha), Eucalyptus (212.50 to 932.50 k lit/ha) and the least under barren land (116.27 to 824.03 k lit/ ha) during the different months of the year. Good amount of water can be retained by the soils under plantation even in the drier months of April (255.20 to 393.27 k lit/ha) to June (21.50 to 356.90 k lit/ha) as compared to barren land (116.27 to 221.0 k lit/ha). Even in the driest month of May, surface layer can hold 148.89 % and over all entire profile by 217.73 % more water under plantations as compared to barren land. In drier months, lower layers had higher retention as compared to upper layers. From July to September, soil profile retained maximum water because entire profile gets recharged due to rainfall.Keywords
Soil-water Interaction, Tree Plantations, Mussoorie Forest Division, Uttarakhand
- Inter-relationsmp between Geology, Soil and Vegetation in Raipur Range of Mussoorie Forest Division, Uttaranchal
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Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 9 (2005), Pagination: 1201-1211Abstract
The relationship between geology, soil and vegetation have been evaluated in Raipur range of Mussoorie Forest Division (Uttaranchal). The findings of the study show that floristic composition and soils have some relationship with parent material. It has been observed that Mollisols occur on dolomitic limestones (Dwara) or on limestones interbedded with shales (Ladpur, Raipur, Rajpur and parts of Ringalgarh) whereas Inceptisols occur on quartzites (Mahipur and parts of Sripur) and on phyllite, slate and limestone (Ringalgarh). The study further indicated on the basis of soil and mineralogical data that Quercus leucotrichophora and Pinus roxburghii forests thrive well on Inceptisols whereas Shorea robusta, Dalbergia sissoo and scrub forests grow well on Mollisols. Relief and age acting on geology of Raipur range of Mussoorie forest division govern the existing soil formation whereas altitude and climate besides other soil forming factors impact geology and give rise to natural vegetation. Climate and aspect of a particular site have given rise to the various pedogenic processes and floristic composition. It was, however, inferred on the basis of soil as weB as mineralogical data that geology, vegetation and soil are in stable relationship with each other and such studies should also be carried out in different ranges for a comprehensive knowledge of these inter-relationships.- Site Evaluation of Different Plantations in Mussoorie forest Division Using Discriminant Analysis
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Indian Forester, Vol 130, No 2 (2004), Pagination: 165-172Abstract
Soil samples were collected from Langha Forest of Mussoorie Forest Division, Uttaranchal, India under five different plantations (Dalbergia sissoo, Pinus roxburghii, Eucalyptus hybrid, Tectona grandis and Acacia catechu) to classify them for species suitability for afforestation. The four discriminate functions together with functions of plantations were given. This analysis identified potential discriminators as Available N, Organic matter, Available K and Total K for discrimination of plantations.- Light Intensity Pattern Under Agroforestry System
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Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 5 (2003), Pagination: 564-570Abstract
A study was conducted in Saini Majra (Haryana) under agroforestry system and at nearby open area to investigate the light intensity pattern under both the sites. Open area received 96.42% higher light intensity as compared to agroforestry system because there were no trees on the field. Maximum light intensity was recorded during mid-day (1210 to 1235 hrs) under both the sites. It is evident from the study that Poplar trees planted in agroforestry system can absorb or reflect up to 51.76% solar radiation before reaching to the ground even at a leafless stage.- Soil Organic Carbon Store in Different Forests of India
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Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 6 (2003), Pagination: 714-724Abstract
Global warming and emission of CO2 are of world wide concern because these are creating environmental imbalance and are a long term threat to the well being of all life on earth. Soil is a major sink of carbon. 9815.95 million tonnes of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) store was estimated in total forest soils (as per 1994 forest stands) under 19 species spread over 27 States and Union territories in India. Spruce forest soil has maximum SOC store (386.0 t/ha) while Khair has minimum (51.93 t/ha). In India , miscellaneous forests are spread over an area of 40.7316 million ha , and their soils have maximum SOC store (6469.80 million tonnes) while in Hollong forest with an area of 0.0068 million ha , soils have the least SOC store (0.82 million million tonnes). Among the Indian States , Arunachal Pradesh has maximum SOC store (1702.08 million tonnes) while Dadra&Nagar Haveli has minimum (2.42 million tonnes) SOC store. Arunachal Pradesh ranks first in India having 248.11 t/ha SOC store in the soils of the State. Soil conservation practices should be strengthened to conserve these natural resources so that carbon store may not deplete especially from hilly terrain.- Forests as Carbon Sink - the Indian Scenario
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Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 7 (2003), Pagination: 807-814Abstract
Forests playa significant role in global carbon cycle and due to their potential to capture and hold carbon, they are now considered an important climate change mitigation option. The Forest Survey of India (FSI) developed a methodology in 1995 to assess the above ground growing stock of the forested areas of the country for integrating remote sensing data (information based on satellite data as well as aerial photographs) with the field inventory data to assess above ground growing stock of forest at national level. This methodology has recently been used by FSI in collaboration with the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun to assess growing stock, above ground woody biomass and the carbon content in it, for the year 1984 and 1994. Growing stock for the year 1994 is estimated to be 4340.0 million m3, while the above ground woody biomass and carbon were estimated to be 2395.4 million tonnes and 1083.8 million tonnes respectively. It is also observed that there has been a marginal increase in growing stock, biomass and carbon in forested areas in the country between the period 1984 and 1994. The work has been done as a part of the 'Land Use and Land Use Change&Forestry' component of India's Initial National Communication (NATCOM) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).- Accumulation of Carbonates and Clay Movement in Sodic Soils of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
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Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 6 (2002), Pagination: 635-640Abstract
Micro-morphological investigations of sodic soils were carried out at five different locations having variation in vegetation of same age group in Sultanpur and Raibareilly districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. These soils contained sufficient oriented clay to meet argillic horizon requirements. However, most of the cutans observed in the B horizons including grain argillans and striated void argillans were formed due to stress rather than illuvial features. B horizons of these soils have been enriched with secondary carbonates. The lattisepic and skel-masepic plasmic fabrics resulted from the moderate to high shrink-swell characteristics of these sodic soils. The sodic soils of Khara, Kanaksinghpur and Ramshahpur exhibited calcans and neocalcans in the B horizons that superimposed argillans. AU five pedons were polygene tic, as indicated by pedogenic carbonate features that were associated with argillans of these soils.- forest Soil: Vegetation Relationship in Mussoorie forest Division (Uttaranchal)
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Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 8 (2001), Pagination: 883-890Abstract
Soil formation in relation to forest vegetation were studied in seven blocks of Raipur range of Mussoorie Forest Division, Uttaranchal (altitude 8OO m to 2,000 m above msl). The physical and chemical attributes of the soils under different forest covers were related to various vegetational parameters. The results showed that organic matter content was generally higher in different forest vegetation at high attitudes than at lower ones. Cation exchange capacity of the soils of different profiles showed in consistent trend. Illuviation of clay and sesquioxides had taken place in the B horizons of all the soils. Base saturation percentage in the surface horizons of all the profiles varied from 43.9 to 64.3, while the range in pH was from 5.5 to 6.8. As the clay illuviation was more pronounced in the profiles from Ringalgarh, Sripur and Dwara blocks, these soils appeared to be more developed than the soils of Lad pur, Raipur, Rajpur and Mahipur blocks.- Moisture Distribution Pattern in the Soil under Different Tree Plantations
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Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 4 (2001), Pagination: 443-449Abstract
Soil moisture distribution pattern in the soil profiles under Chir, Teak, Shisham, Eucalyptus, Khair plantations, natural Sal and barren land was studied. It is observed that maximum moisture was retained by the soil under Shisham followed by natural Sal, Khair, Chir, Eucalyptus, Teak and the least was under barren land. As far as months are concerned maximum moisture was observed in August followed by September, July, October, November, January, March, February, December, April, June and the least moisture was in May. It has been found that during January, February, July and August moisture content decreased with increasing soil depth while in remaining months moisture content increase with increasing soil depth.- Tolerance of Acacia nilotica to Fluorine Enriched Saline Irrigation Water at Early Growth Stages
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Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 7 (2000), Pagination: 756-765Abstract
A field trial of Acacia nilotica (Linn) Willd. ex Delile was conducted in polythene lined micro-plots to evaluate its tolerance to fluorine enriched saline irrigation water at early growth stages, using varying qualities of artificially prepared saline water (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 20 ppm Fluorine levels maintained at EC 4 and 8 dS/m) for irrigation on sandy loam soil (Coarse-loamy mixed hyperthermic Ustorthent). The best available canal water having EC 0.2 dS/m (Fluorine traces) was used as control. Acacia nilotica grew well with retarded growth at 20 ppm fluorine levels. However, the 50% reduction in biomass yield of Acacia nilotica as limits of tolerance was observed at about 20 and 18 ppm fluorine levels in saline water of 4 and 8 dS/m, respectively. Uptake of fluorine by plants increased progressively with increase in fluorine levels. Subsequently the uptake the Na+ increased but phosphorus and Ca2+ decreased. Nitrogen, K+ and Mg2+ uptake did not show any particular trend.- Factor Analysis of Soil Nutrient Distribution Pattern under Different Plantations
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Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 12 (2000), Pagination: 1270-1278Abstract
Factor analysis of soil nutrient distribution pattern under Chir, Teak, Eucalyptus, Shish am and Khair, in Mussoorie Forest Division (U.P.) was studied. It was done to identify underlying factors that are responsible for correlation among nutrients under five plantations. Eigen values for the first four factors were > 0.90 and combined accounted for 77 percent of total variation in the soil supporting the five plantations. The four factor model explained > 90 percent of the variance in total phosphorus; 85 percent of the variance in organic matter and available nitrogen; and > 70 percent of the variance in total nitrogen, total potassium, and total sodium, available potassium and available phosphorus. However the four factor model explained only 62 percent of the variance in available potassium and 66 percent of the variance in total calcium. The four extracted factors are aggrading factor (36.6 percent), Sodium factor (16.16 percent), Phosphorus factor (12.67 percent) and total phosphorus factor (11.92 percent) obtain through varimax orthogonal factor analysis.- Soil Potassium Changes at Different Altitudes and Seasons in Upper Yamuna Forests of Garhwal Himalayas
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 5 (2006), Pagination: 609-614Abstract
A study was conducted in Yamuna Forest Division of Garhwal Himalayas to determine the potassium status in the soils of different altitudes and seasons, and establish their correlation. The results showed general decrease in potassium down the soil profile with respect to altitude and seasons but increased with higher altitude. The seasonal effect showed higher values in autumn than spring. Total and available potassium showed highly significant positive correlation at all the altitudes and seasons and significant negative correlation with soil depth. In general, the soils at different altitudes are well supplied with potassium.- Response of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers to the Establishment and Growth of Eucalyptus in Sodic Land of Uttar Pradesh, India
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 6 (2006), Pagination: 726-736Abstract
An experiment was, taken up to evaluate the relative efficiency of organic residues in the form of oil cakes and to compare the effect of chemical fertilizers and organic residues on the growth performance of Eucalyptus planted on sodic soil at Harkumau village in District Sultanpur of Eastern Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). Four oil cakes viz., Neem cake, Sunflower cake, Mahua cake and Mustard cake in different doses, along with FYM and chemical fertilizer were tested. When the effect of different organic cakes was compared with chemical fertilizer, maximum increase in height over chemical fertilizer treatment was observed in Neem cake 1.0 kg/pit (91.09 %) followed by Mustard cake 1.5 kg/pit treatment (82.57 %). However, the maximum increase in collar diameter over chemical fertilizers, was shown by Mustard cake 1.5 kg/pit treatment (674.49 %) followed by Neem cake 1.0 kg/pit treatment (368.72 %). In comparison to chemical fertilizer, the Neem cake 1.0 kg/pit treatment caused better survival (34.30 %) followed by Mahua cake 1.5 kg/pit treatment (32.76 %).- Markov Model for Predicting the Land Cover Changes in Shimla District
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Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 5 (2010), Pagination: 667-681Abstract
Forests have been the key element in maintaining sustainability of many global phenomena. Human dependency on forests is both necessary and unavoidable and hence degradation of this natural resource is inevitable. The study aims to understand the change dynamics over past few decades in the Shimla district, using remote sensing and GIS based techniques. The tree cover area estimated during 1970s, 80s and 90s were 50.65%, 48.30% and 52.31% respectively. The classified images were analysed for changes and found that 2.35% of net tree cover changed into non-tree cover during 1972 to 1989 but during 1989 to 1999 the trend changed into a net positive one with the increase of tree cover by 4.01%. Transition probabilities of each land cover features were calculated for the three-time periods (72-89,89-99 and 72-99) and then analysed for their statistical significance using Markov chain model. Based on the findings, a non-spatial temporal Markov prediction was made for the year 2009. The predicted forest area in 2009 is 55.49% with the 5% error under Markovian assumption of stationarity.Keywords
Markov Chain, Shimla, Forest, Transition probability, RSGIS- Soil Moisture Accretion with Progressive Rainfall Under Tectona Grandis (Teak) and Eucalyptus Plantations
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Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 4 (1999), Pagination: 392-400Abstract
Gradual accretion of soil moisture in different depths with the progression of rainfall under Tectona grandis and Eucalyptus plantation at Langha range of Mussoorie Forest Division was studied. When cumulative rainfall rises upto 148.4 mm, water percolates only upto 75 cm depth under both plantation. At CRF 815.2 mm entire profile gets charged and no further increase in soil moisture was observed at 1421.1 m CRF, especially under Tectona grandis. The moisture accretion, in general, was higher in the soils supporting Eucalyptus in comparison to those under Teak plantation and, in particular in the lower depths at and above CRF of 815.2 mm. It was observed that during dry months soil moisture has positive relationship with depth.- Soil Organic Matter Status Under Different Social Forestry Plantations
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Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 9 (1999), Pagination: 883-890Abstract
A study was conducted in Langha Forest Range of Mussoorie Forest Division under 15 years old plantations of Pinus roxburghii, Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptus, Acacia catechu along with natural Shorea robusta forest and barren land to find out the status of soil organic matter. This study was conducted before and after monsoon to investigate the changes in SOM due to change of seasons. Before monsoon it was observed that SOM content was higher under natural Shorea robusta followed by Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptus, Tectona grandis, Acacia catechu and Pinus roxburghii plantations and least under barren land and after monsoon it was higher under Eucalyptus only in top (0-10 cm) layer but over all higher under the soils of natural Shorea robusta followed by Eucalyptus, Dalbergia sissoo, Pinus roxburghii, Acacia catechu, Tectona grandis and least under barren land. In general SOM was observed higher in post-monsoon in comparison to pre- monsoon period.- Fine Sand Mineralogy of some Selected Soils of Mussoorie forest Division of Uttar Pradesh
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Indian Forester, Vol 124, No 11 (1998), Pagination: 925-930Abstract
Fine sand mineralogy of some selected horizons of the soils ofRaipurrange ofMussoorie Forest Division (Uttar Pradesh) were investigated. Light minerals constituted bulk of fine sand fractions and consisted of quartz, feldspar and mica (muscovite) in order oftheir abundance. Heavy minerals occurred in minute amounts and were dominated by opaque minerals, biotite, calcite, chloritised mica, zircon, garnet, hornblende, tourmaline and rutile. Differences in mineralogical make up were mostly associated with nature and composition of parent material and degree of weathering. The soils, in general, contained low to moderate amount of weatherable minerals indicating their podzolic nature and much less contribution of nutrients from minerals to the soil labile nutrient pool.- Soil Nutrient Changes Under Different Ages Eucalyptus Monocultures
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Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 1 (1996), Pagination: 55-60Abstract
Soil nutrient changes were studied under 5, 10, 15 and 20 years old Eucalyptus monocultures, in comparison to natural sal forest. Soil nutrient depletion under 10 and 15 years old monocultures were higher than 5 and 20 years old monocultures, in comparison to natural sal. Soil profile distribution of attribtttes showed gain in clay content and available P and loss in total K and P in all monocultures as compared to natural sal. The soil under 5 year and 20 year monocultures were less depleted because of faster mineralisation of residual organic matter in 5 years old monoculture and a gradation of soil nutrients as the monoculture aged as in 20 years old monoculture.- Studies on Soil Water Stable Aggregates in Silver Fir and Spruce Forests Managed under Diffeuent Silvicultural Systems in Himachal Pradesh
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Indian Forester, Vol 121, No 5 (1995), Pagination: 371-376Abstract
A study was carried out in Himachal Pradesh to investigate the water stable aggregate in silver fir and spruce forests under selection, shelterwood systems and clearfelled areas. Macro-aggregate (2-5 mm) and micro (0.10-0.5 mm) aggregates were more pronounced under selection system due to the higher organic matter and clay followed by shelterwood and clearfelled area. Macro-aggregates were higher in top layers while micro-aggregates were higher in lower layers in all sites.- Trees, Shrubs and Grasses on Saline Soils of Indo-Gangetic Plains
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Indian Forester, Vol 119, No 8 (1993), Pagination: 630-647Abstract
Studies on site suitability and tolerance limits to soil salinity of trees, shrubs and grasses were conducted under field conditions in Social Forestry Divisions of Mathura and Manipur(U.P.). Prosopis juliflora in association with bushes (Tamarix sp., Salvadora oleoides, Capparis decidua and Acacia leucophloea) was able to grow on fine mixed hyperthermic strongly saline Natric Camborthids which had Ece < 40 dS m − 1 and CaCO3 < 12% in the ischolar_maining zone of 10-130cm soil depth; moderately deep ground water table 2-3m) and Kankar/clay pan beyond 80 cm soil depth. The sites under fine-loamy mixed hyperthermic Typic Salorthids had higher levels of Ece, pH, CaCO3, compact and impervious Kankar pan within 60 cm soil depth, poor drainage, shallow ground water table(< 2m), thick salt encrustation and were devoid of vegetation. Comparatively,Acacia nilotica and natural Crateva adansonii, Anthocephalus indicus, Diplachne fusca, Cynodon dactylon and Sporabolus marginatus could tolerate Ece < 27 dS m−1, pH < 7.9, CaCO3 < 5% with absence of Kanka/clay pan in the ischolar_maining zone of 28 170cm of coarse-loamy mixed hyperthemic highly saline Natric Camborthids. Mixed species like Dalbergia sissoo, Pongamia pinnata, Holoptelea integrifolia, Eucalyptus hybrid, Cassia siamea and natural Cryptostegia grandiflora, Prosopis cineraria, Capparis zeylanica, Saccharum spontaneum grew on fine-loamy mixed hyperthermic highly saline Typic Camborthids and Coarse-loamy mixed hyperthermic moderately saline Aeric Halaquepts which had ECe < 18.5 ds m−1, pH around 8.5 and CaCO3 < 5% in the ischolar_maining zone 12-180 cm of soil depth without Kankar/ clay pan. High salt concentration in top 10 or 28 cm soil did not adversely affect the plant growth. This study will help in identification of most suitable plant species for a given site in saline areas in order to have best land use.- Soil Chemical Properties of Silver Fir and Spruce forests under Different Systems of Silviculture.
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Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 11 (1990), Pagination: 883-889Abstract
To study the effects of different management practices I e. selection, shelterwood and clearfelled on the status of soil potassium (total and available). An investigation has been carried out in silver fir (Abies pindrow) and spruce (Picea smithicna) forest of Narkada under Kumarsein Forest Range of H.P. Soils of this region were found sufficently rich in soil potassium contents with specific effects of management systems and site conditions clearly marked. Soil potassium decreased with increasing soil depth in all sites and management systems Intercorrelation between total and available potassium form was observed to be significantly positive. Soils of selection management system showed higher content of soil potassium followed by shelterwood and clearfelled systems, Same trend was observed in good, average and poor sites.- Soil Chemical Properties of Silver Fir and Spruce Forest Under Different Systems of Silviculture. I-Changes in Soil Nitrogen
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Fertility, Silver Fir, Spruce
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Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 4 (1989), Pagination: 235-242Abstract
Silvicultural management practices have differential impact on soil properties according to the system followed. An investigation was carried out in Picea smithiana and Abies pindrow forests managed under selection, shelterwood and clearfelled systems in Kotgarh Forest Division (H.P.) to quantify the differences in soil nitrogen status at different sites in the three management systems. Inter-correlation between total and available nitrogen, correlation of nitrogen status with soil depth in all the conditions have been reported Soils under selection system showed higher nitrogen accumulation followed by shelterwood and clearfelled systems. Soil nitrogen showed significant negative correlation with depth in all sites and management systems. A vailable and total nitrogen showed significant positive correlation in all sites and management systems.Keywords
Conifer Forests, Silvicultural Management, Soil Fertility, Soil Nitrogen, SiteFertility, Silver Fir, Spruce
- Soil Chemical Properties of Silver Fir and Spruce Forest Under Different Systems of Silviculture. II-Changes in Soil Phosphorus
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Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 11 (1989), Pagination: 802-810Abstract
A study was conducted in Picea smithiana (Spruce) and Abies pindrow (Silver fir) forests managed under selection, shelterwood and clearfelled management systems in Kotgarh Forest Division (H.P.) to study the phosphorus behaviour in soils with challge in these systems. Level of soil phosphorus in different sites within the management systems, specific effects of management systems and site conditions. correlation between phosphorus level and soil depth in all conditions of the study, intercorrdation between total and available phospborus were worked out. Soils under selection system were well supplied with phosphorus followed by shelrerwoott and clearfelled systms. In many cases phosphorus level was indfpendent of soil depths as well as total and available forms were also mutually indeptendent of each other. The immobility of the element, biologically mediated uptake, soil pH etc. seemed to have brought about the pattern observed in this study The selection management and good site conditions have maintained better pbosphorus supply. Overall observations clearly indicate low soil phospborus supply in these forests.- Impact of Growing Eucalyptus and Sal Monocultures on Soil in Natural Sal Area of Doon Valley
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 1 (1984), Pagination: 16-22Abstract
The present investigation deals with the impact of growing Eucalyptus and Sal monoeultures. On soil of Doon Valley by comparing it with the soil conditions under natural Sal forest. None of the monocultures could surpass the natural Sal as far as Organic matter accumulation, total N, P and available N, P, K are concerned. The Eucalyptus monoculture of fairly young age has shown higher accumulation of Organic matter in comparison to Sal monculture. The physical and chemical properties of the soil under Eucalyptus monoculture has been found to he better in comparison to sal monoculture. It has been concluded that raising Eucalyptus monocultore in natural Sal area causes no damage to the soil fertility and proves superior to long standing Sal monculture in Doon Valley.- Soil Factor Affecting the Natural Regeneration of Silver Fir and Spruce in Himachal Pradesh
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 3 (1984), Pagination: 293-298Abstract
Soils and their behaviour with respect to natural regeneration of fir and spruce in Narkanda (Himachal Pradesh) were studied. Soil formation is predominantly governed by podzolization process but the soli propi1e in poorly regenerated area shows almost negligible eluviation of clay and organic matter due to fairly well developed 'O' horizon. The soils are distinctly acidic, unsaturated and possess low cation exchange capacity. It is likely that the hydrophobic substance released from the decomposition of litter of fir and spruce severely restricted the wetting of the soil Therefore, the insufficient moisture content in the soil due to this thick layer of bumus on tbe surface affected the process of natural regeneration of fir and spruce in Narkanda.- Clay Mineralogy of Some Teak Bearing Soils of Maharashtra
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 7 (1984), Pagination: 662-672Abstract
The clay mineralogy of soils from the moist teak forests of South Chanda Forest Division (Maharashtra) indicates that illite and kaolinite are the dominant minerals and quartz occurs as an accessory mineral in the clay fraction. The soils are well drained and kaoliniziation is the dominant clay forming process as indicated by the clay mineralogy It is inferred that the loss of bases due to kaolinization may not get adequately replenished by the nutrient cycling through inorganic and organic substances, if the balanced ecosystem is disturbed. It is, therefore, necessary to protect these forests against over exploitation for sustained yield and site protection.- Soil Organic Matter in Biomass Determinations
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 9 (1984), Pagination: 895-900Abstract
Soli incorporated organic matter is invariably left out from biomass determinations. The overwhelming importance of soil organic matter suggests that this fraction should be included in the biomass determinations. The value of Soil Organic Matter and biomass obtained under various forest species have been discussed.- Lime-induced Chlorosis in Eucalyptus
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Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 6 (1982), Pagination: 461-463Abstract
no abstract- Erodibility of Soil in Shifting Cultivation Areas of Tripura and Orissa
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Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 5 (1981), Pagination: 310-313Abstract
Erosion Ratioa were worked out for Tripura and Orissa soils under Jhuming and under Permanent Vegetation to assess the susceptibility of soil surface to soil erosion. The higher Erosion Ratio found in the Orissa under Jhuming indicated a higher degree of erosion than soils in Non-jhuming area. The Triprua soils under Jhum were erodible while soils under Nen-jhum were within the safe limit of Non-erodibility.- A Study of Soil Moisture Pattern in Eucalyptus and Pine Stands
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Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 7 (1981), Pagination: 420-425Abstract
Pattern of moisture distribution was compared in a soil under Eucalyptus and Pine stands during summer of 1979. The stands retained a higher amount of soil moisture in their middle layers as compared to upper and lower layers of the 1.8 meter soil profile. The moisture content in the soil decreased with time and more than 4% decrease was observed in the lower depth range (145-185 cm) of Eucalyptus. The Eucalyptus meets its water demand from deeper soil depths whereas Pine thrives on shallower depths. The study revealed that the stands did not experience critical soil moisture stress during the period of study under the New Forest conditions. The study is being extended 10 cover the whole year.- Micro-mineralogy of Forest Soils Developed on Different Parent Rocks and their Suitability for Afforestation
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developed on fine grained argillaceous sandstone, lateritic rock, shale, granitegneiss and schist has been conducted with a view to find out the fertility status of mineral soils. These soils contains minerals that are poor sources of plant
nutrients and have been planted with fast growing Eucalyptus hybrid after
clearfelling the indigenous forests. The study indicates that it is important to
protect these nutrient poor soils against any site degradation that may arise
due to the high nutrient uptake under such man made forests.
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Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 2 (1980), Pagination: 102-112Abstract
A comparative mineralogical study of forest soils of the Karnataka statedeveloped on fine grained argillaceous sandstone, lateritic rock, shale, granitegneiss and schist has been conducted with a view to find out the fertility status of mineral soils. These soils contains minerals that are poor sources of plant
nutrients and have been planted with fast growing Eucalyptus hybrid after
clearfelling the indigenous forests. The study indicates that it is important to
protect these nutrient poor soils against any site degradation that may arise
due to the high nutrient uptake under such man made forests.
- Loss of Soil Moisture as Affected by Decomposing Leaf Litter of Different Forest Species
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 5 (1980), Pagination: 352-356Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to show the loss of soil moisture as affected by decomposing leaf litter of five different forest species viz, Sal (Shorea robusta), Poplar (Poplus deltoides), Chir (Pinus roxburghii), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus hybrid), and Teak (Tectona grandis). It has been found that, increasing levels of leaf litter reduce the loss of soil moisture. However, as the process of decomposition advances the loss of soil moisture increases gradually at both levels of organic matter treatment (10% and 20%) because of the disappearance of organic matter from the soil under all the five species. The performance of the five species on the moisture loss has been found to be in the fol1owing order of magnitude : Poplar > Eucalyptus > Chir > Teak > Sal.- Soil Moisture Characteristics of Three Soils of Different Textural Classes
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 11 (1980), Pagination: 782-785Abstract
The soil moisture characteristics of the three soils of different textural classes have been determined. The moisture contents at field capacity and the wilting point increased with increase in fineness of texture. The available moisture capacity of these soils were 4.29% in sandy loam, 18.97% in silty loam and 14.34% in clay. The silty loam soil maintained a good air-water balance. Favourable for good plant growth than observed under clay. Higher aeration pores induced better infiltration in sandy loam though found to be droughty.- Studies on the Changes in the Physico-chemical Properties of Tripura Soils as a Result of Jhuming
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Indian Forester, Vol 105, No 6 (1979), Pagination: 436-443Abstract
The effect of shifting cultivation Jhuming on the changes in the physico-chemical properties of soils was studied in the Jhumed and Non-jhumed areas of Tripara state. The Jhumed plot was selected in an area where Jbaming was done about two years back. The Non Jhumed plot was selected in an area where Jhuming was discontinued for about fifteen years and the natural vegetation got re-established. The stady reveals that Jhuming caused an appreciable change in organic matter content which resulted in nutrient imbalance. The burning of the debris after clearfelling depleted the organic matter content of the soil under Jhumed condition which led to low field and water holding-capacity. Total Sesuqioxideos, Iron, Aluminium, Calcium, Potassium, Phosphorus and Cation Exchange Capacity were found to be low in Jhumed plot, The availability of Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium also decreased as a result of Jhuming. Total Nitrogen content was recorded to be slightly high under Non-jhumed plot in comparison to Jhumed plot. The presence of more organic mattet in Non jhumed plot resulted in a wider C:N ratio ( 15:1 on surface), C:N ratio in Jhumed plot was foand to be 8:1 (on surface which should be due to destruction of organic matter. Increaae in pH value under Jhumed plot was due to lack of organic matter and microbial activity. The lower pH values obtained under Non-jhumed plot resulted in an overall increase in the availability nutrients.- Appications of Geomorphology to Forestry
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Indian Forester, Vol 103, No 4 (1977), Pagination: 300-305Abstract
Incorporation of geomorphological observations to forestry has been stressed in this article. The current emphasis in the country either on afforestation or on the rational use of forest products. Due emphasis on Geomorphology can be of advantage in such activities.- Bayesian Modeling for Forest Cover Dynamics in Shimla District
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Topography, Landscape, Land-water
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Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 164-174Abstract
Decision making in land use planning needs understanding about the pattern of changes. The current study aims to analyse and predict the land use and land cover change, with the focus on forests, in Shimla District using Bayesian model. Population growth, agricultural-horticulture demands, tourism growth are putting pressure on the valuable forest ecosystem and natural resources of the district. In this study, land cover maps were prepared for the periods 1970s, 1980s and 1990s using remote sensing data. The actual positive changes (i.e., increase in forest) and negative changes (i.e., decrease in forest) derived from the time-series land cover maps were used as apriori evidence in the Bayesian model to derive the statistical weights for various environmental parameters. The environmental parameters were analysed under 4 major group of factors i.e., topographic, land use, landscape, land-water. The probabilistic contribution (i.e., weight) of each attribute under each map was utilised within the weighted summation model to derive spatial maps of potential positive and negative change. The accuracy of the model was validated using actual change maps. Accuracy of the model was 85% for the positive change and 80% for the negative change. The resultant predicted maps of positive and negative change were overlaid together and potential zones of conservation and afforestation were identified.Keywords
Land Cover Change, Bayesian Model, Prediction, Environmental Parameters,Topography, Landscape, Land-water