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Thakur, M. L.
- Birds of Summer Hill, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh)
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 10 (2006), Pagination: 1271-1281Abstract
Studies on birds of Summer Hill, Shimla (H.P.) revealed a total of 70 species, of which 64 species showed seasonal-local or long range migration and rest 6 were residents. Out of these 64 migrants, 44 were seasonal-local migrants, 15 summer visitors, 4 winter visitors and one was monsoon visitor. Further, 34 species were found to be very common, 19 common, 15 uncommon and 2 were occasional in nature. Human habitation (63) supported the highest number of species, followed by open-oak forest (52) and conifer forest (29). In addition, 17 species were exclusive to human habitation, 5 restricted to open-oak forest and rest 48 species were observed in two or more habitats. Moreover, one globally threatened (critical) and 10 biome-restricted species were observed in this area.
- Insect Pest Status of Poplars in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 9 (1999), Pagination: 866-872Abstract
Poplars, especially the exotics, are the soft targets of indigenous fauna. The 120 and odd species, comprise chiefly cockchafers (7 species), defoliators (58 species) stem and shoot borers (23 species), sap-suckers (27 species), termites (4 species) and mites (1 species). The nursery pests include white-grubs of scarabaeid beetles which feed on ischolar_mains and cause sometimes, appreciable mortality in Poplar stools. The Chrysomela populi, Lymantria obfuscata, Clostera spp. (C. cupreata and C. fulgurita), Capnodis (C. kashmirensis and C. miliaris),Chrysobothris femorata, Melanophila picta (Buprestidae), Aeolesthes sarta, Apriona cinerea, Batocera rufomaculata (Cerambycidae) and Zeura coffeae (Cossidae) are important stem-borers. Eucosma glaciata and Indarbela quadrinotata are serious shoots borers of young, and old Poplar plantations respectively. Sap-sucking insects affecting Poplars include chiefly aphids (Aphis populi, Chaitophorus populus, Pemphigus spp.) and scale insect (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. Phylloplecta qardneri (Psyllidae) causes drainage of sap by its gall forming activities. While Coptotermes heimi and Odontotermes distans are the primary causative factor for die-back and mortality in certain clones, the coleopterous borers, chiefly -Tropiderinus munieri (Anthribidae), and Stromatium barbatum and Lyctus africanus depreciated significantly timber of Poplars by their larval activities. The bark-beetle Crossotarsus wilmoti bores in freshly felled and fallen wood.- Laboratory Evaluation of Natural Resistance of Bamboos to Termites
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Indian Forester, Vol 124, No 12 (1998), Pagination: 1043-1046Abstract
Bamboos, the most versatile forest based natural resource, play an important role in the national economy of many countries, particularly those lying in the South Asian-Pacific region. Unlike many timber species, no authentic data is available on the natural resistance of bamboos against borers and termites. Forest Research Institute,Debra Dun has carried out some pioneering work on this aspect and the results of laboratory evaluation of natural resistance of 13 species of bamboos is presented here against the test termite Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder. The test data shows that Bambusa nutans (wt.loss 23.40%),Dendrocalamus strictus (wt.loss 27.42%),D.giganteus (wt. loss 28.66%) and Ochlandra travancorica (wt. loss 29.82%) are relatively more resistant as compared to other species of bamboos tested. The natural resistance of these species is more or less comparable to some of the moderately durable commercially important timber species, such as Anogeissus latifolia, Garuga pinnata and Shorea robusta, etc. The outer layer/rind of bamboo is highly resistant and termites normally invade bamboo from the cut end portion only.- Recent Trends in Protection of Harvested Bamboos from Ghoon Borers
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Indian Forester, Vol 123, No 7 (1997), Pagination: 646-651Abstract
In India, the harvested bamboos suffer, in varying degree, from various species of ghoon borers at the felling site and under storage conditions. The severely infested bamboos are often reduced to heaps of dust, thus causing colossal loss in revenue to the growers and the industry. Protection of bamboos has all along been an important thrust area offorestryresearchsince the Second World War. Forest Research Institute has played a pioneering role in developing appropriate technologies for protecting bamboos from insects both for shorter duration (prophylactic treatment) and as well as of longer duration (preservative treatments). The paper discusses the results of some of the recent researches carried out at this Institute, more particularly the use of synthetic pyrethroids which, though easily biodegradable, have been found highly effective as prophylactic measures against ghoon borers.- A Note on Cheetal, Axis Axis (Frxeleban) Damage to Nursery Stock, at Satyanarayan Fofest Nursery, Dehra Dun (U.P.)
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Indian Forester, Vol 119, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 157-158Abstract
No abstract- Lantana Weed (Lantana camara Var. Aculeata Linn) and its Possible Management through Natural Insect Pests in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 7 (1992), Pagination: 466-488Abstract
The paper provides a comprehensive review of the Lantana problem in India and its possible management through promising biological control agents and some other viable options. The weed is reported to support well over 400 indigenous insect species, but except for a few species, all are only casual visitors. To augment the indigenous enemy complex as many as seven exotic species have been introduced and tried for possible successful control agent. Efficacy of these insects has been discussed in the light of their field successes and failures. It is concluded that application of weedicides and mechanical control alone have not given reasonable success due to larger areas and cost of weedicides and labour involved. Though, biologilcal control has been considered as the most promising proposition, however only an integrated approach through silviculture-cum-biological control, chemical control, mechanical control, people participation and above all development of any technology for its economic utilization, can help in the eradication of this noxious weed.- Biology and Host Specificity of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera : Arctidae)
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Indian Forester, Vol 117, No 3 (1991), Pagination: 193-199Abstract
Pareuchaetes pseudolnsufata Rego Barros, a native to Trinidad and Central and South America, was introduced in India for the suppression of Chromolaena odorata weed. Biological studies of P. pseudoinsualta showed 2.12 ± 0.61, 6.36 ± 2.16, end 1.62 ± 0.84 days as pre-oviposition, oviposition and past-oviposition periods. Eggs, larvel end pupal periods were observed as 6.4 ± 1.52; 29.6 ± 3.69; end 8.5 ± 3.24 days. Maximum daily consumption (7.28 cm2 leaf erea) was observed in the fourth stage lerval Instar while 145.63 cm2 of leaf area was consumed by a single lerva during its entire larval period. Larvae of P. pseudoinsulata were found host spacific and did not feed even on the leaves of an allied species Eupatorium tripinerve, thus can be employed as a promising bio-control agent to suppress this noxious weed.- Forest Protection in Arid Zones: Problems and Research Priorities
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Indian Forester, Vol 117, No 6 (1991), Pagination: 458-467Abstract
The degraded arid lands and the mountainous ecosystem of the fast denuding Aravallis coupled with the increasing problems of its inhabitants, demand an immediate attention for development and eco-restoration of the region through afforestation. The task is both complex and herculean and requires evolvement of well coordinated and scientifically sound research programmes. The statement that "Forestry is 90% protection" perhaps holds more true for arid zones. The opening of the Institute for Arid Zone Forestry Research at Jodhpur, though late, is a welcome step. Among all the Forestry Research Institutes in the country, this Institute has an altogether different and difficult task of planning and orienting its research priorities with a view to make the Indian desert a land of greenery with good vegetative cover. The thrust areas of research to be identified by this Institute should tberefore, aim at (i) checking further desertification of the useful land area through proper land use practices and various afforestation programme. With suitable indigenous and exotic species, (ii) preservation and eco-development of Aravallis, (iii) evolving comparatively safe and ecologically acceptable technology for increasing productivity through sound suitable protection regimes and (iv) people's participation in all developmental programmes for overall improvement In the environment and economic prosperity of the region. This paper outlines the major pest problems of arid zone forestry and areas of research priorities in forest protection in the Indian desert.- On some Aspects of Biology of Itiiome lassula Bodges (Cosmopterygidae)-a Microlepidopteran Pest Introduced to Indira with the Host Leucaena leucocephala (LAM.) De Wit.
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Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 8 (1990), Pagination: 643-647Abstract
Itiiome lassula the microlepidopteran infesting inflorescence of Su-babul is recorded for the first time from India. Brief account of the pest, damage caused, the life cycle and seasonal incidence of the pest are presented. Impact of its entry to India discussed.- Damage to Nursery Stock by a Rodent Nesokia indica (Gray) at Satyanarayan Forest Nursery, Dehra Dun (Uttar Pradesh)
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Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 3 (1989), Pagination: 177-179Abstract
The paper gives an account of nature and extent of damage by a species of short tailed mole rat Nesokia indica (Gray) to the nursery stock at Satyanarayan Forest Nursery, Dehra Dun. Observations on the burrows and the burrowing habits of the species are also included. This appears to be the first record of this species as a forestry pest in northern India.- Chemical Control of Termites in Eucalyptus Hybrid
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Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 10 (1989), Pagination: 733-743Abstract
Among the exotics, Eucalyptus has emerged as the most favoured species under afforestation programmes in most of the countries where it has been introduced for obtaining higher biomass productivity. However, ischolar_main feeding tel mitts have proved a major constraint for its successful propagation both in nurseries and plantations. Localised tumite damage bas been estimated to result in 50-80 per cent mortality in seedlings and young plantations in some localities. Till recently, the recommendations have been based on bigbly persistent cblorinattd hydrocarbon insecticides, most of which have been banned and are not easily available. In our experiments on the comparative efficacy of various insecticides, chlorpyrifos an organophosphate compound has been found an equally effective insecticide for soil treatment. In the present study, an attfmpt has been made to evaluate various methods of application and the optimum dosage requind for controlling termites in Eucalyptus.- Current Status Of Termites as Pest of Bamboos and their Control
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Indian Forester, Vol 114, No 10 (1988), Pagination: 720-725Abstract
Although bamboo consitute the single most important forest produce, unfortunately, very little attention has been paid to the understanding of their pest complex Entomologically, bamboos have never been considered as an important crop, therefore, it is not surprising that very little work has been done in India on this aspect, particularly regarding pests of green bamboo. This paper reviews the available information on status of termites as pest of bamboos in forest nurseries, plantations as well as harvested bomboos under storage conditions. Control measures currently in vogue, have been discussed at length.- Some Ecotoxicological Considfrations for Use of Pesticides in forestry
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Indian Forester, Vol 112, No 11 (1986), Pagination: 1002-1007Abstract
Pesticides constitute an important tool in the pest management. They have contributed significantly in checking the vector borne diseases, insects pests, diseaeses, nematodes, rodents, etc. However, reports on the impact of pesticides and their residues in the biosphere have been appearing quite regularly in recent years. The residues of these chemicals have beon detected almost in every type of organisms such as aquatic and terrestrial fauna, including birds. They are also known to affect the beneficial non-target species and creating disturbances in the equilibrium between the pest species and their enemy complex. Further the sprayed areas are known to get resinfested due to resurgence of the resistant, residual pest population as well as from the surrounding unsprayed areas. Pesticidal control therefore, alone under forestry conditions having crops with long working rotations. is not only hazardous but also uneconomical. It is, therefore, emphasized that an integrated approach, linking all the available control parameters, for various pest species should be evolved and followed for achieving an overall economic, social and environmental values.- Insect Fauna of Su-babul [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit] from South India
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Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 2 (1985), Pagination: 68-77Abstract
Su-babul [Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit], an exotic form South America, is being planted all over india and has assumed an increasing importance under the agro- and social forestry Schemes, for its multipurpose uses, such as nutritions fodder crop, green fertiliser, as a potential species for rapid reforestation, soil conservation, fire and induatrial fuelwood and for pulp and paper industry. By and large, Su-babul does not have any serious insect pest problem, expect for a microlepidopterous momphid moth, the larvae of which damage seriously the inflorescence and effect the seed and pod setting. Nearly 30 species of insects, belonging to 16 families and 5 orders, viz, Cleoptera (15), Hemiptera (3), Homoptera (16), lepidoptera (4) and Orthoptera (2) have been recorded associated with Su-babul in South India. All the species are new records for this plant species. These species belong to two major group of defoliators and sap-suckers. While majority of them are only casual visitors, however, a few of them, because of their known past history, have the potential of becoming key pests of Su-babul with passage of time and this may pose seroius problems to planters in future.- Pest Management in Indian forestry
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Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 11 (1985), Pagination: 956-964Abstract
India has been loosing nearly 1.5 millions hectares of forest cover annually, which is a warning for increased desertification in the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, while there is a need to increase the acreage under forest cover, it is also necessary to manage intensively our forest resources for increased productivity by following various management practices, including protection from various biological agencies. Among the various such agencies, insects constitute an important single factor, which limit the forest productivity. Various methods were evolved for controlling the forest pests right from the very inception of forest Entomology branch. This paper discusses in details the pest management strategies followed so far and the role played by each method in controlling the forest pests. Future line of researches have been indicated laying greater emphasis of well coordinated integrated pest management through multi-disciplinary or trans-disciplinary approaches.- A New Defoliator of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. from Tamil Nadu, India
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 6 (1984), Pagination: 558-560Abstract
Pericallia ricini Fabr. is recorded as new pest for Ceiba pentandra, from Tamil Nadu. Feeding habit, enemy complex and control measures have been discussed.- Insect Pests of Eucalyptus and their Control
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 12 (1983), Pagination: 864-881Abstract
no abstract- New Observations on the Swarming Behaviour in Nature in Odontotermes assmuthi Holmgren (Isoptera: Termitidae)
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Indian Forester, Vol 104, No 9 (1978), Pagination: 638-638Abstract
no abstract- Pest Status and Control of Termites in Rural Areas
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Indian Forester, Vol 103, No 6 (1977), Pagination: 425-434Abstract
Termites constitute an economically important group of insects and form an integral part of the extensive fauna of tropical countries. Of about 280 species known from the Indian Region, about 20 species are recognised as serious pests of human belongings in the rural areas. Information on the economic losses caused by these insidious insects is fragmentary to figure out and quantify the overall impact. This paper reviews the available information on the pest status of various species of termites in the rural areas and the control measures as advocated for different situations, keeping in view the apprehensions expressed by Environmentalists about the possible contamination of the surrounding environment by the excessive use of insecticides.- Zoogeography of Termite Genus Odontotermes Holmgren in the Indian Region (Isoptera : Termitidae : Macrotermitinae)
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Indian Forester, Vol 102, No 8 (1976), Pagination: 498-505Abstract
Zoogeographical distribution of various species of geuus Odontotermes is discussed in the light of recent taxonomic studies by the author (unpublished). Odontotermes fear earlier reported as widely distributed throughout India is now considered restricted to Eastern zone only. Materials from the rest of the localities in India belong to a new species, O. indicus, O. horni is restricted to Ceylon and Peninsular India only. Its earlier records from Eastern zone are based on wrong identification. Similarly earlier records of O. malabaricus from some localities in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh and O. wallonensis in Uttar Pradesh are errorneous. O. malabarcius does not occur north of 20°lat. Record or O. taprobanes from Orissa is wrong This species is restricted to Ceylon in the Indian Region.- Biology and Ecology of Oriental Termites (Isoptera) Obsservations on the Habits and Biology of some Termites of the Doon Valley
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Indian Forester, Vol 92, No 2 (1966), Pagination: 139-142Abstract
no abstract- Biology and Ecology of Oriental Termites (isoptera) some Observations on Neotermes assmuthi (Holmgren) [Isoptera : Kalotermitidae]
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Indian Forester, Vol 94, No 5 (1968), Pagination: 401-402Abstract
no abstract- On a Collection of Termites from Daman
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Indian Forester, Vol 94, No 7 (1968), Pagination: 560-570Abstract
no abstract- Hitherto Unknown Imago Caste of Stylotermes bengalensis Mathur et Chhotani. (Isoptera: Stylotermitidae)
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Indian Forester, Vol 100, No 11 (1974), Pagination: 692-695Abstract
no abstract- Zoogeography of Termites of North-western Himalayan Region
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Indian Forester, Vol 101, No 6 (1975), Pagination: 341-345Abstract
North-Western Himalayan Region has been the subject of much extensive explorations for insect collections. However, very little attention has been paid for the study of termite fauna of this region. The author, in collaboration with P. N. Chatterjee (1-3) published a comprehensive systematic account of North-Western Himalayan termite fauna, recording 10 genera and 18 species. In the present contribution, it is endeavoured to discuss the zoogeographical considerations of termite fauna. The fauna of this region is largely Indo-Malayan and show continuity with the Gangatic Plain (Indian sub-region, above 20 °lat). Four of the eight families of living termites are present and of these, family Termitidae constitute the major component of the fauna (72.2%). In the family Termitidae, sub-family Macrotermitinae dominates and is represented by nine species (50%). The sub-family Nasutitermitinae, the most highly evolved sub-family is totally absent. The most successful genus Odonlotermes Holmgern is represented by seven species (38.9%). The other notable component is the relic genus Archotermopsis, which is represented by two species. The remaining genera are represented by single species each. Thus, the North Western Himalayan termite fauna is rich in genera. But poor in species. It has been further, observed that with the rise in altitude, there is a sharp decline in the number of genera and species. This is in conformity with the known distribution pattern of termites. The low percentage of endemism (33.32%) and paucity of species in general is suggestive of its less suitability as a natural habitat for termite.- Hitherto Unknown Imago Caste of Microcerotermes Minor Holmgren (Isoptera: Termitidae : Amirermitinae)
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Indian Forester, Vol 101, No 9 (1975), Pagination: 565-568Abstract
The hitherto unknown imago caste of Microcerotermes minor Holmgren is described in this paper.- The Apical Tibial Spur Formula in the Termite Genus Odontotermes Holmgren (Isoptera : Termitidae: Macrotermitinae)
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