Informatics Publishing Limited

Yogesh Joshi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand (India), IN

Abstract

Gatifloxacin, a synthetic, novel fluoroquinolone, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, is primarily indicated for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and many more infectious disorders. It acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase and also by inhibiting topoisomerase IV for bacterial infections. Its absolute bioavailability is approximately 96%, extensively distributed into many tissues and body fluids, elimination half-life is approximately 8 hours and major route of elimination is urinary excretion of unchanged drug, with renal clearance accounting for >70%. Approximately 82-88% was recovered in urine as unchanged drug and 6% was recovered in feces. Gatifloxacin was reported to be associated with many serious glycemic abnormalities mostly observed in diabetic as well as in non-diabetic patients. Hypoglycemia usually occurs immediately after the administration while hyperglycemia often takes several days to develop and discontinuation of gatifloxacin treatment markedly improves glucose homeostasis in many cases. It was observed that dysglycemia occurs more frequently in elderly patients, patients with renal insufficiency, diabetic patients, and patients taking medications for diabetics (mainly hypoglycemic agents). One of the study identified that increased gatifloxacin exposure correlates with age-related decreases in renal function and may be responsible for elderly patients being at an increased risk for hyperglycemia. Failure to adjust the dose of gatifloxacin for renal insufficiency has been commonly associated with gatifloxacin-induced hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Some researchers observed high incidence rates of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes while some found no significant difference. Patients receiving glucose lowering medications were at the greatest risk for gatifloxacinassociated hyperglycemic events and patient's not receiving glucoselowering medications also had a significantly increased risk of hyperglycemia. Gatifloxacin is still being used in various parts of the world for treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, gatifloxacin should be used with caution while undergoing treatment with gatifloxacin.

Keywords

Gatifloxacin, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Elderly Patients

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Yogesh Joshi ¹, Geetanjali Bhakuni ¹, Deepa Bisht ¹, Manish Tripathi ¹, Kapil Bisht ¹, Shashi Upadhyay ¹, Krishna Chandra ¹, Ranbeer S. Rawal ²

Affiliations
1 Lichenology Division, Department of Botany, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun University, Almora 263 601, IN
2 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Manish Tripathi ¹, Yogesh Joshi ¹, Ramesh Chandra Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Lichenology Division, Department of Botany, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun University, Almora 263 601, IN
2 Mycology Division, Department of Botany, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun University, Almora 263 601, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Yogesh Joshi ¹, Ratendra Kumar Chaudhary ², U. V. S. Teotia ³

Affiliations
1 Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The aim of the study was undertaken to find out the release modifying potential of Prunus persica gum in the formulation of diclofenac sodium matrix tablets. Purified isolated gum was subjected to physicochemical characterization. Four formulations containing Prunus persica gum with each containing 100mg of Diclofenac sodium were prepared by wet granulation method using different drug: gum ratios viz. 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as diluent while magnesium stearate and talc were employed as lubricant and glidant respectively. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pre-compression parameters relevant to granules like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, hausner's index and carr's index while tablets were evaluated for various post-compression parameters like tablet thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, disintegration time, swelling behaviour and in-vitro drug release study. All the formulations showed compliance with pharmacopoeial standards and found to be within the limits as per the standards. Among all the formulations, PP-4 showed a slow and complete drug release of 99.61% over a period of 10 hr and thereby exhibited a satisfactory drug release phenomenon. The drug release of all the formulations was found to follow zero order kinetics as correlation coefficient (R2) values are higher than that of first order kinetics.

Keywords

Diclofenac Sodium, Prunus Persica, Formulation, Release Kinetics, Evaluation.

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Yogesh Joshi ¹, Kapil Bisht ¹, Shashi Upadhyay ¹, Krishna Chandra ¹

Affiliations
1 Lichenology Laboratory, Department of Botany, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun University, Almora - 263601, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Three lichen species viz. Clauzadea immersa, Crocynia gossypina and Dermatocarpon reticulatum are reported new to Indian lichen flora. All the species are appended here with diagnostic characteristics, ecology and the details of specimens examined.

Keywords

Lichenized Fungi, Taxonomy, Western Ghats, Western Himalaya.

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