Informatics Publishing Limited

Yang Li ¹, Jin-Li Hu ²

Affiliations
1 National University of Kaohsiung, TW
2 Institute of Business and Management National Chiao Tung University, TW

Abstract

This study analyzes how small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) R&D and foreign direct investment (FDI) affect their technical efficiencies in an environment of globalized production in order to complement previous research studies. When the magnification effect (the network effect of FDI magnifies the marginal cost savings effect of R&D) dominates the replacement effect (for production cost savings there is a substitution between R&D and FDI), FDI and R&D are complements; otherwise, both are substitutive strategies. Our theoretical propositions suggest that unless the replacement effect dominates the magnification effect very much, FDI will indirectly improve technical efficiency through R&D activities. We use 1989-1996 panel data of FDI by Taiwan’s SMEs to test the proposition. Our major empirical findings are: (1) FDI not only directly improves technical efficiencies, but also indirectly enhances technical efficiencies through complementing R&D activities. (2) R&D expenditures significantly improve firms’ technical efficiencies. (3) For those Taiwan’s SMEs investing in mainland China, FDI and R&D are more likely to be a substitutive strategy; however, FDI still indirectly amplifies technical efficiency through R&D activities. (4) Currently, it is more efficient for Taiwan’s SMEs to focus on the globalization of production than on market globalization.

Keywords

R&D, Foreign Direct Investment, Technical Efficiency, Replacement Effect, Magnification Effect

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Yang Li ¹, Qian Feng ²

Affiliations
1 College of Architecture & Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, CN
2 Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, CN

Abstract

With the continuous innovations in computer technology, the computer numerical simulation method has been widely applied. This paper is based on the numerical simulation method, it is anchored to the architectural green wind environmental studies, explored the relationship between the environment and the building and the role of the environment on the building development, and the impact of the wind environment on the architectural design and the structural design, in order to restore the positive interactions between the environment and the building, and lay the foundation for the road to the sustainable development of the building.

Keywords

Numerical Simulation, Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Green Wind Environment.

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Yang Li ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, CN

Abstract

As regarded as people's main activity space in the city, urban roads are the most important part of cities' public space environment and they are also the main ways to observe and understand the city. So the urban design of cities' roads is no doubt the most straightforward and effective method to display and enhance the cities' image. Along with the improvement of people's living standard, people's requirements of the charm and quality of cities' public space environment are becoming higher and higher. This paper takes the urban design of Wangjiang Avenue as an example to do some useful explorations on enhancing cities' space image.

Keywords

Space Image, Urban Culture, Wangjiang Avenue, Urban Design.

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Mingyang Wang ¹, Dongtian Leng ¹, Yang Li ¹, Xiangrong Zhang ²

Affiliations
1 College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, CN
2 College of Economics and Business Administration, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, CN

Abstract

This study describes a Laplace transfer-based citation model proposed for the actual citation process among journals. The actual citation process is a dynamic physical system which includes two continuous processes of ageing and publishing of cited articles. By deducing the Laplace transfer function for these two processes, we have established the input–output function for the actual citation process. Considering the subject of ‘automation and control systems’ as an example, time parameters associated with the ageing process were identified from the input–output function to examine the obsolescence characteristics for the subject. Experimental results show that the ageing time parameter calculated by the Laplace transferbased citation model is a good expression on the obsolescence of the field. The field shows a moderate ageing rate and a shortened obsolescence tendency on the whole. Most of the articles cited annually in this field are articles published 5–10 years ago. There is a monotonic decreasing dependence between the increment of IF and the increment of time parameter T₁, although IF always increases regardless of whether the ageing tends to prolong or shorten.

Keywords

Citation Process, Dynamic Physical System, Impact Factor, Journal Articles, Obsolescence.

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