Informatics Publishing Limited

Vikas Gupta ¹, Parveen Bansal ¹, Pawan Kumar ², Gurpreet Kaur ³

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GPCG, Patiala, IN
3 Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, IN

Abstract

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) is an important member of Citrus genus from family Rutaceae. It has been used as a folk medicine in many countries as antibacterial, anti fungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, astringent, and preservative. It is also used for Cancer Prevention, Cellular Regeneration, Cholesterol Lowering, Cleansing, Detoxification, Heart Health Maintenance, High Cholesterol, Lupus nephritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Weight Loss. This paper deals with the Powder microscopy and microscopic study of leaf along with the physico-chemical and preliminary phytochemical analyses that could be helpful in setting standards for selection of authentic raw drugs for herbal medicines. Extractive value yield was maximum in aqueous extract whereas maximum phytochemical activity was observed in methanolic extract. Powder microscopy shows presence of prismatic crystals.

Keywords

Citrus paradisi, Rutaceae, Grapefruit, Microscopy.

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Vikas Gupta ¹, Junaid Niazi ², Jatinderjot Kaur Kehal ³, Parveen Bansal ¹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala, Punjab, IN
2 Rayat and Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, IN
3 PCTE Institute of Pharmacy, Jhande, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Pandanus tectorius (Pandanaceae) was being used ethnomedically for treatment of diseases like asthma, cough, and bronchitis and locally as analgesic. Chemical constituents of leaves included triterpene, squalene and phytosterols. The study was aimed to evaluate both anti-inflammatory and anti nociceptive activity of the ethanolic extract of fresh leaves of Pandanus tectorius (PTEE) in rats using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema method in rats and tail-flick model in mice at various dose levels. Ceiling effect of the extract was observed at 300 mg/kg in carrageenan test. The effect was equivalent to phenylbutazone (80 mg/kg, p.o.) at 300 mg/kg. Effectiveness of extract in the late phase of inflammation suggests the inhibition of prostagalandins and leukotrienes release. The extract produced marked analgesic activity at 300 mg/kg and the effect was comparable to that of standard drug, Ibuprofen (100 mg/kg, p.o). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, sterols, triterpenes and flavanoids in extract. In conclusion, this study has established the anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity of P. tectorius and, thus, justifies the ethnic uses of the plant.

Keywords

Pandanus, Pandanaceae, Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive.

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R. B. Jain ¹, Anand Kumar Sharma ², Sami Magray ³, Sumit Chawla ⁴, Bharti ⁵, Inderjeet Singh ¹, Vikas Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Physiology, MMMC&H, Kumarhatti, Solan, H.P., IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, MMMC&H, Kumarhatti, Solan, H.P, IN
4 Department of Community Medicine, MMMC&H, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pardesh, IN
5 WHO, IN

Abstract

Tobacco use is today's major public health concern in our country, which can be largely reduced by primordial and primary prevention. According to NFHS III, 57% of men and 10.8% of women use any kind of tobacco in India. To determine the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among the rural community of block Beri, district Jhajjar, Haryana. This cross-sectional study was carried out during the period of September 2012 to August 2013.Multistage random sampling was used in this study. A sample size of 1080 was included in the study Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis. The overall prevalence of current tobacco use was found to be 26.9% (tobacco-smoking: 26.4%; tobacco-smokeless: 2.7%) and it was found to be higher among males as 46.7% (tobacco-smoking: 46.3%; tobacco-smokeless: 4.4%) than7.2% in females (tobacco-smoking: 6.5%; tobacco-smokeless: 0.9%). Our study confirmed the high burden of tobacco use in rural areas and reiterated the need to address these issues comprehensively as a part of NCD prevention and control strategy.

Keywords

Prevalence, Tobacco, Socio-Demographic, Rural, Haryana.

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Priyesh Pandya ¹, Vikas Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication, Technocrats Institute of Technology, R.G.P.V., Bhopal, IN

Abstract

This paper is going to expose a method that gives us the possibility to use a low-resolution Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) in high resolution measurements. Oversampling and averaging can increase the resolution of a measurement without resorting to the cost and complexity of using expensive off-chip ADC's. This paper discusses about oversampling method for increase the resolution of a 12-bits ADC to 16-bits ADC. Oversampling method also rejects the noise by using averaging or moving averaging method. Oversampling method provides a softwarebased technique, resulting in an improved effective number of bits (ENOB) in the conversion result. It can be only used for measuring very low frequency or continuous signals, but the costs are lower compared to the price of the same highresolution converter. This paper discusses how to increase the resolution of ADC measurements by oversampling and averaging. Additionally, more in-depth description on types of ADC, theory of oversampling technique and example code on utilizing oversampling and averaging.

Keywords

Oversampling, Analog to Digital Convertor.

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Manju Jain ¹, Vikas Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, LGOI, RGTU, Bhopal, IN

Abstract

This paper presents of Smart antenna system based on the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and adaptive beamforming. Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is based on the MUSIC for identify the direction of signal and adaptive beamforming is achieved by LMS algorithm.
The smart antenna system designed involves a hardware part which provides real data measurement of the incident signal received by sensor array. Results obtained verify the improved performance of the smart antenna system. This take the form of sharper peaks in the MUSIC angular spectrum and deep nulls in the LMS array beam pattern.

Keywords

Smart Antenna, Adaptive Beamforming, LMS, MUSIC, DOA.

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Kamna Mishra ¹, Divya Jain ¹, Vikas Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 T.I.T. College, Bhopal, IN

Abstract

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is currently the hottest technology in wireless communication, in which data transmission with extreme low power or even without power in tag. Software-Defined Radio (SDR) plays an important role for a wireless communications syste m where all the signal processing is implemented in software. In this paper, we first build up a wireless communication simulator including Gray coding, modulation, different channel models (AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels) and demodulation. Then, we test the effect of different channel models to the RFID in receiver with BER (bit error rate) plots under Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. At last, we give detail results of the performance of AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. We will see that in AWGN channel, the data is degraded by random noise;in Rayleigh fading channel, the data is degraded by random noise and block noise.

Keywords

Modulation, Additive White Gaussian Noise, Rayleigh Fading, Demodulation and Bit Error Rate (BER).

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S. K. Mishra ¹, Vikas Gupta ¹, R. K. Saraf ¹

Affiliations
1 Dryland Horticulture Research and Training Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Garhakota, Sagar (M.P.), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at JNKVV, DHRTC farm during 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the effectiveness of eleven insecticides including untreated check against bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker. All the insecticides were capable of keeping the population of larvae at the minimum level and significant differences were noted among the treatments at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after first and second spray of insecticides compared to untreated check. The treatment T₄ (Flubendiamide 480 SC ) exhibited its superiority by registering the lowest larval population of 0.80 and 0.15 per meter row length during first and second spray, respectively. The overall order of effectiveness of these insecticides against S. obliqua was found to be Flubendiamide 480 SC > Indoxacarb 14.5 SC > Spinosad 45 SC > Thiodicarb 75 WP > Emmamectin benzoate 5 SG > Rynaxypyre 20 SC > Thiomethoxom 25% WG > Fipronil 5% SL > Imidacloprid 17.8 SL > Chloropyriphos 20 EC. The highest seed yield of 16.88 q/ha. was obtained in the plots treated with Flubendiamide 480 SC. The next effective treatments was Indoxacarb 14.5 SC followed by Spinosad 45 SC recorded 14.90 and 14.77 q/ha. The protection efficiency was higher being 88.27 per cent with 11.72 per cent losses in seed yield in Indoxacarb 14.5 SC. Maximum yield loss 43.72 per cent was noticed in untreated crop against 11.72 to 37.79 per cent in different insecticidal treatments.

Keywords

Efficacy, Novel Insecticides, Spilosoma obliqua.

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S. K. Mishra ¹, Vikas Gupta ¹, R. K. Saraf ¹

Affiliations
1 Dryland Horticulture Research and Training Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Garhakota, Sagar (M.P.), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at JNKVV, DHRTC farm during 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the effectiveness of imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam, used as seed treatment against the sucking pests of soybean crop. In this experiment numbers of sucking pests were counted at seven days interval starting from 20 days of sowing till five weeks after first observation. The number of jassids and white flies were counted from top three and two middle leaves of randomly selected 5 plants in each plot. The whitefly population was comparatively higher than that of jassids. The overall effect of insecticidal treatments at all the six intervals on sucking pest population revealed that all the treatments were found effective in comparison to untreated check. The treatment of Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 1.50 g. a.i./kg seed followed by Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 0.75 g. a.i. /kg seed was found most effective against the early sucking pests on soybean. The treatment of Thiamethoxom 70 % WS @ 2g/kg seed was least effective against the sucking pests. All the insecticidal treatments increased the yield of soybean seed significantly over the control. The highest seed yield was obtained from the treatment of imidacloprid 600 FS @ 1.50 g. a.i./kg seed.

Keywords

Bioefficacy, Neonicotinoid, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Sucking Pests, Seed Treatment, Soybean.

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S. K. Mishra ¹, R. K. Saraf ¹, Vikas Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Dryland Horticulture Research and Training Centre (J. N. K. V. V. ), Garhakota, Sagar (M.P.), IN

Abstract

The incidence of whitefly was started in the fourth week of August (1.80/plants). The whitefly population reached to its peak (21.10 white fly/plants) in the last week of September (39^th meteorological week). Average maximum (33.61 °C) and minimum (18.58 °C) temperature with average morning and evening relative humidity was 74.01 and 46.42 per cent, respectively, favoured the faster multiplication of white fly. The initial incidence of C. septempunctata was recorded in the last week of August and attained its peak in the last week of September. The population of C. septempunctata was influenced by the host insect as both were at peak the same time (3.50 beetles/21.10 whitefly). Positive and non-significant correlation was found between whitefly and maximum temperature (r = 0.5546) and significant positive correlation was found between minimum temperature (r = 0,2025). The relationship between the whitefly population and rainfall was also negative and non-significant (r = - 0.1636). Positive non-significant correlation was found between beetle, C. septempunctata and maximum temperature (r = 0.2620), minimum temperature (r = 0.2990).

Keywords

Bemisia tabaci, Abiotic Factors, C. septempunctata.

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Vikas Gupta ¹, Brahmjit Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, IN
2 National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Estimation of position of unknown nodes is of immense importance for proper deployment and tracking of sensors. The centroid based localization algorithm (CLA) is widely used for the localization of the sensors but its original and modified versions suffer from large positioning error. Here the localization algorithm is evaluated in terms of localization error utilizing artificial bee colony based (ABC) algorithm. Comparison of outcome is presented through other widely used techniques including swarm based particle swarm optimization (PSO) and evolutionary algorithms based differential evolution (DE) on basic centroid localization algorithm. The results obtained through simulation demonstrate that localization error is minimal in ABC and DE based CLA as compared to basic and PSO based schemes but the computation time is the largest in DE based localization algorithm as compared to others. In comparison to the basic CLA the average localization error is reduced by 95% and computation time is increased by seven fold in ABC based CLA. It may be established that having considered localization error of prime importance, ABC algorithm based CLA is the most suitable strategy for localization amongst all the three algorithms.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Localization, Artificial Bee Colony, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, Localization Error etc.

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