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D. Suresh Kumar ¹, V. Sekaran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Raja College of Engineering & Technology, Madura, IN

Abstract

The bioreactors are either aerobic or anaerobic. They are suspended growth or attached growth. Bioreactors degrade contaminants in water with microorganisms through attached or suspended biological systems. In suspended growth systems, such as activated sludge, fluidized beds, or sequencing batch reactors, contaminated ground water is circulated in an aeration basin where a microbial population aerobically degrades organic matter and produces CO₂, H₂O, and new cells. The cells form a sludge, which is settled out in a clarifier, and is either recycled to the aeration basin or disposed. In attached growth systems, such as upflow fixed film bioreactors, rotating biological contactors (RBCs), and trickling filters, microorganisms are established on an inert support matrix to aerobically degrade water contaminants. The microbial population may be derived either from the contaminant source or from an inoculum of organisms specific to a contaminant. Nutrients are often added to the bioreactors to support the growth of microorganisms. Bioreactors are a long-term technology. The process may take up to several years. Various types of bioreactors and their values are reviewed in this paper.

Keywords

Aerobic, Anaerobic, AFB, ASP, Attached Growth, Biogas,Bioreactors, FAB, FBBR, MBBR, Resource Recovery, Suspended Growth, UASB

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R. Sivakumar ¹, V. Sekaran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, As-Salam College of Engineering & Technology, Thirumangalakudi, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Pavai Engineering College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Dairy industry contributes to the pollution of the environment, both in quality and quantity. It generates about 0.2 to 10 L of effluent per liter of milk processed. Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket is most suitable for biodegradable wastes, hence the present study evaluated the performance of UASBR through a laboratory model (25 liters of volume) for treating the dairy effluent with maintained psychrophilic temperature (15-20°C) at phase I and mesophilic temperature (30-40°C) at phase II. This model was studied for its treatment efficiency in terms of COD reduction. In the phase I, the average varying influent COD applied over the model are 1684, 2693, 3160, 3637, and 4059 mg/L with flow rates for each average influent COD as 4.80, 9.60, 14.40, 19.20 and 24.00 L/d. It was found that, successful COD removal of 91.42% was for the operating conditions of OLR at 0.039 kg COD/kg VSS day, VLR at 0.70 kg COD/m³ day and HRT at 5.21 days. In the phase II the average varying influent COD of 2316, 2827, 3329, 3908 and 4522 mg/L were applied with same flow rates. The experimental work on UASBR model was found successful with 94.70% COD removal under the operating conditions of OLR at 0.037 kg COD/kg VSS day, VLR at 0.630 kg COD/m³ day and HRT at 5.21 days. The reactor achieved BOD, TSS, TDS, N and P removal efficiency, observed in phase I and II, as 91%, 82%, 89%, 42% and 46% and 96.4%, 86%, 91%, 41% and 50% respectively.

Keywords

UASB Reactor, Dairy Wastewater, Anaerobic Treatment, COD Removal.

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T. Bhagavathi Pushpa ¹, V. Sekaran ², S. J. Sardhar Basha ³, J. Jegan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engg., Anna University, University College of Engg., Ramanathapuram, 623 513, T.N., IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, Anna University, University College of Engg., Ramanathapuram, 623 513, T.N., IN

Abstract

Nowadays, solid waste disposal is the most pressing problem facing mankind throughout the world. The solid waste management plays a significant role to create a sustainable environment. Composting is a controlled decomposition of an organic matter into nutrient rich humus, which is relatively a stable organic end product. The activated Effective Microorganisms (EM) are used to decompose the solid organic materials. EM considerably improves the decomposition of organic materials and quality of compost and reduces the volume of compost by 50% or less in the raw material. This paper deals with the comparison of four matured composts from different waste organic materials such as kitchen waste, leaf waste, paper waste and water hyacinth waste using Effective Microorganisms. The parameters like pH, temperature, moisture content and height of bed were monitored and maintained throughout the process. The end products of humus like compost were characterized and analysed for physico-chemical characteristics like pH, moisture content, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and C:N ratio. The results of all the matured composts showed better quality and as an effective adsorbent medium for the removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution.

Keywords

Compost, Effective Microorganisms, Organic Waste, Dye Removal, Crystal Violet.

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