Informatics Publishing Limited

V. Rekha ¹, J. Nandhini ², M. Subahanal Nuzrath ²

Affiliations
1 Applied Electronics, Anna University, IN
2 Department of ECE, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, IN

Abstract

In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), routing protocols directly affect various indices of network Quality of Service (QoS), so they play an important role in network performance. To address the drawbacks associated with traditional routing protocols in MANETs, such as poor anti-fading performance and slow convergence rate, for basic Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), propose a new routing model based on improved Grover’s searching algorithm. In this paper, a hybrid approach that combines quantum walks with Grover search is proposed so that the search is accelerated and optimum is found with fewer numbers of iterations. By taking advantage of quantum tunneling effect, local barriers are overcome and better threshold values can be found, especially at the early stage of search process. The new algorithm based on the formalism of continuous-time quantum walk is demonstrated. With this new routing model, each node maintains a node vector function, and all the nodes can obtain a node probability vector using improved Grover’s algorithm, and then select an optimal routing according to node probability. Simulation results show that compared with DSR, this new routing protocol can effectively extend the network lifetime, as well as reduce the network delay and the number of routing hops. The results between the new algorithm and the state-of-the-art Grover search method are also compared.

Keywords

Improved Grover’s Searching, Dynamic Source Routing, Quality of Service, Fading Channel, Node Probability.

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V. Rekha ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper gives survey of different techniques and the overview of how the bandwidth is dispensed to the users at the major/edge regions and minor/center regions .It also gives an overview of how the power is dispensed to the users at minor group and major group regions Methods: ICIC has one of the schemes which is based on reusing the frequency called as Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR). There are different techniques of FFR. They are Partial Frequency Reuse (PFR), Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) and Soft Fractional Frequency Reuse (SFFR). Findings: In this survey it is found that, the different techniques of FFR gives different throughput and it is also found that SFFR scheme gives the highest throughput when compared with others. Applications: The different techniques of FFR can be used in LTE (Long Term Evolution) based networks. The users will get benefitted based on different power allocations. The real time applications of this technique can be seen in 4G networks.

Keywords

Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR), Inter-Cell Interference (ICI), Partial Frequency Reuse (PFR), Soft Fractional Frequency Reuse (SFFR), Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR).

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