Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Sinha ¹, M. R. Gibling ², S. K. Tandon ³, V. Jain ¹, A. S. DasGupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Engineering Geosciences Group, IIT Kanpur - 208 016, IN
2 Departrnent of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 355, CA
3 Departmen of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110 007, IN

Abstract

Floodplain deposits are exposed in an about 29 rn high cliff section at Kotra along the Betwa river, a tributary of the Yamuna river at the southern margin of the Gangetic Plains. The Betwa is a peninsular river originating in the Bundelkhand Craton parts of which are exposed as bedrock close to the sectipn. The Betwa river is incised and bordered by an extensive zone of badland (dissected into gullies). The.stratigraphic units comprise pedogenized floodplain muds and reworked carbonate grayels that fill small plains-fed channels. Gully, fills of mud and gravel mark extensive degradational surfaces that divide the section into discontinuity-bounded units, currently of unknown'duration and age. Closely spaced discontiquities low in the section may mark a former interfluve level, after which a thick floodplain succession accumulated up to the level of the modem clifftop. Presence of prominent discontinuities and thick floodplain deposits in the cliff sections suggest that the late Quaternary history of the southern plains is marked by cycles of channel incision and floodplain degradation and alluviation.

Keywords

Quaternary, Allostratigraphy, craton-Sourced river sedimentation, Betwa river, Gangetic plain, Uttar Pradesh.

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A. Ahuja ¹, S. M. Kotrashetti ², U. Sethi ³, V. Singh ¹, V. Jain ³

Affiliations
1 Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, ITS Dental College, Hospital & Research Centre, Greater Noida, U.P, IN
2 Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, IN
3 Dept of Oral Medicine & Radiology, ITS Dental College, Hospital & Research Centre, Greater Noida, U.P, IN

Abstract

A recent innovation in dentistry is the preparation and use of platelet rich plasma, a concentration of platelets and growth factors found in platelets. These polypeptide growth factors as well as other bioactive substances are released from platelets upon activation, which play a pivotal role in initiating and sustaining wound healing and tissue repair mechanism. In order to improve wound healing and bone regeneration, attempts were made to increase the concentration of wound healing initiating factors in the form of platelet concentrate. Platelet derived polypeptide growth factors as well as other bioactive substances are released from platelet upon activation which plays a pivotal role in initiating and sustaining wound healing and tissue repair mechanism. This article is an attempt to highlight the uses of Platelet rich plasma (PRP) in Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery and the preparation of PRP gel in the immediate preoperative period in a laboratory centrifuge.

Keywords

Tissue Engineering, Platelet Gel, Bone Grafting, Maxillofacial Surgery.

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V. Jain ¹, Tripti Jain ², Swarnlata Saraf ¹, S. Saraf ¹

Affiliations
1 University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.), 492 010, IN
2 Chhattisgarh Food and Drug Administration, Raipur (C.G.) 492 001, IN

Abstract

The Drakshadi gutika is effective for amlapitta (hyperacidity), hrddaha (heart disease), kanthadaha (itching of throat), trsna (thirst), murccha (syncope), agnimandaya (digestive impairment), bhrama (vertigo) and amavata (rheumatism) is official in Ayurveduc formulary in India. Quantification of active principles through modern analytical tools is essential for establishing the authenticity, creditability, prescription and usage of Ayurvedic medicines/herbal formulations. The Ayurvedic formulation Drakshadi gutika has been prepared as per Ayurvedic formulary of India was estimated HPTLC for its gallic acid content. Three-laboratory batch of Drakshadi gutika were estimated for their gallic acid contents against standard gallic acid solution. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, inter-day and intra-day assay precision, repeatability of measurement, and repeatability of sample application. The concentration of gallic acid present in raw material was found to be 8.912±0.41w/w in Terminalia belerica, and 0.73±0.63 w/w in vitis vinifera and in three identical laboratory batch of Drakshadi gutika DG-I, DG-II and DG-III, was found to be 3.307±0.52, 3.301±0.63%, 3.314±0.35 w/w respectively. The gallic acid content in all the three different batches is found to be in close proximities with each other. The results were comparable to marketed formulations. Hence the present method is simple, sensitive, precise and accurate and can be adopted for routine quality control of Drakshadi gutika.

Keywords

Gallic acid, Drakshadi gutika, HPTLC, Fingerprinting, Ayurvedic formulation, Quality control parameter.

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Tripti Jain ¹, V. Jain ², R. Pandey ², A. Vyas ², S. S. Shukla ²

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, IN
2 Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, IN

Abstract

At the present time, there are a number of non-conventional extraction methods in use that are all, in principle, solid-liquid extractions (SLE) but which introduce some form of additional energy to the process in order to facilitate the transfer of analytes from sample to solvent. These methods include fairly inert, insoluble, and often polymeric material, such as cellulose of plants or fungi and the microbial cell wall. The first step of the extraction is therefore to release and solubilize the smaller secondary metabolites in the matrix, resulting in the initial extract. Forced-flow solid-liquid extraction (FFSLE) techniques, such as medium-pressure solid-liquid extraction (MPSLE) and rotation planar extraction (RPE), in these methods the extraction solvent is forced through the sample bed either by means of pressure or by centrifugal force, thus increasing the efficiency of the extraction process. Even extraction by electrical energy has been studied. The main advantage of these non-conventional methods compared to conventional SLE methods is the increase extraction efficiency, which leads to increased yields and/or shorter extraction times. Indigenous cultures have learnt to exploit the properties of secondary metabolites in many ways, e.g. specific plants or parts of them have been used as poisons, analgesics, stimulants, preservatives, colorants, tanning agents for tanning leather etc. As our understanding of chemistry and other natural sciences has increased, the active chemical compounds of these traditionally used plants have been successfully isolated and identified. There is an increasing trend of using pure compounds instead of crude extracts prepared from plant material, irrespective of their intended use.

Keywords

Extraction Methods, Microwave, Phytoconstituent.

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Paras R. Pujari ¹, V. Jain ², V. Singh ³, K. Sreelash ⁴, S. Dhyani ¹, M. Nema ⁵, P. Verma ¹, R. Kumar ¹, S. Jain ⁵, M. Sekhar ⁶

Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382 355, IN
3 Department of Geology, Delhi University, New Delhi 110 007, IN
4 National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, IN
5 National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247 667, IN
6 Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560012, IN

Abstract

In the era of Anthropocene, characterized by a dramatic increase in anthropogenic pressure, global changes are challenging the capacity of planet Earth to sustain the development of human societies in the long term. In the past two decades, this concern has fostered worldwide efforts to develop integrated studies of the ‘critical zone’ (CZ), the outer skin of the Earth, extending from the canopy top to the bottom of the aquifer, hosting the continental biosphere and providing basic human needs such as water, food, energy and ecosystem services¹ . Environmental processes within the CZ, such as energy and mass exchange, formation of soil, streamflow and evolution of landscape are critical to sustain biodiversity as well as humanity ^2,3 . However, with rapid socio-economic development, the CZ is subjected to increasing stress from anthropogenic forcings such as the growth in human and livestock populations, increase in land use, global environmental changes, and expanding consumption patterns⁴ . The expanding needs for sustainable development call for understanding, predicting and managing the complexity as well as dynamics within the CZ and to study its feedback with other compartments of the environmental systems^5,6 . The main challenge faced by the CZ research is to integrate effectively the multiple disciplines at stake, from geosciences, biological sciences, ecology, hydrology, soil science to social sciences, working within a wide range of temporal and spatial scales^7,8 . The interdisciplinary and multiscale study of terrestrial ecosystem processes can be best addressed by critical zone observatories (CZOs), where domain experts across different disciplines study various aspects of the CZ. This will lead to holistic understanding of complex systems 8 .

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