Informatics Publishing Limited

Abstract

Many neonates admitted to hospital undergo repeated invasive procedures. Oral sucrose is frequently given to relieve procedural pain in neonates on the basis of its effect on behavioural and physiological pain scores. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of pain among neonates before and after administration of 25% sucrose, to assess the effectiveness of 25% sucrose orally among neonates in NICU and to assess the association between the level of pain among neonates and selected demographic variable such as age, sex, weight, gestation, ordinal position of the neonates and type of invasive procedure. The study method was Evaluate research approach and a pre experimental (one group pre-testpost-test design) was used. Non randomized purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample for the study. The total sample consists of 60 neonates admitted in NICU. Pain was assessed during invasive procedure before administration of 25%sucrose and 0.02- 2ml sucrose was given 2mins prior to next painful procedure. The pain was assessed during procedure at 30second and at 1minute by neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) for neonates. The result of the study concluded that mean and standard deviation score for pain during procedure, 30 seconds and 1 minute in the pre-test was 6.5, 4.7, 2.5 and in the post test were 4.2, 1.9, 0.5. Thecalculated‘t’ value was 9.4***, 10.6***, 7.4*** is significant p value (<0.001). It reveals that there was significant difference existing between pre-test and post-test pain score. It is evident that the 25% sucrose is significantly effective in reducing of pain among neonates undergoing painful procedure.

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Strongyloidiasis is a human parasite disease caused by strongloides. It is present mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. People catch this infection when their skin comes in contact with soil contaminated with the worms. Abdominal pain, rash, weight loss, diarrhoea, vomiting and wheezing are the signs and symptoms of this illness. Stool examination, complete blood count, blood test analysis for antigen and duodenal aspiration are the following investigations for identifying this disease. Ivermectin, thiabondazole are the drug of choice to treat this infection. Septicemia, malnutrition, Eosinophil pneumonia are the complication may occur during this illness. Good personal hygiene can reduce the risk of this disease.

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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Osteoarthritis is an extremely common condition and is often referred to as ‘wear and tear’ of the joints in the body. Many people with arthritis look to these alternative therapies to help relieve the pain, stiffness, stress, anxiety, and depression that accompany their disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the pretest level of knee joint pain among patient with osteoarthritis before application of mustard plaster. To assess the posttest level of knee joint pain among patient with osteoarthritis after application of mustard plaster. To compare the pretest and posttest level of knee joint pain of the effectiveness of mustard plaster. To find out the association between levels of knee joint pain and selected demographic variables METHODOLOGY: Research design was pre experimental one group pretest and posttest was adopted for the study. Qualitative research setting was at Sivananda Gurukulam Oldage home in kattankolathur, Chennai. Sample size of 30 osteoarthritis patients selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. RESULT: In pretest out of 30 samples majority of them have severe joint pain15 (50%) and 10(33%) of them were having moderate knee pain and 5(17%) have mild pain and none of them having no pain In posttest out of 30 samples majority of them got relieved from knee joint pain8(27%)and 18(60%)of them were having mild knee pain and 4(13%)have moderate pain and none of them have severe and extreme pain. CONCLUSION: The application of mustard plaster on knee joint pain among osteoarthritis patients in Sivananda Gurukulam, kattankolathur in Chennai is effective.

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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Hypertension is a silent killer. People with Hypertension remain unaware of their diagnosis, and of those who are aware, only a minority are treated and have their Hypertension successfully controlled. OBJECTIVES: To assess the pretest level of blood pressure among the hypertensive clients before administration of drumstick leaves tea .To assess the posttest level of blood pressure among the hypertensive clients after administration of drumstick leaves tea. To compare the pretest and posttest level of blood pressure among the hypertensive clients after administration of drumstick leaves tea. To find out the association between the level of blood pressure and selected demographic, clinical variables METHODOLOGY: Research design was pre experimental design one group pretest, posttest design was adopted for the study in Sree Balaji Medical College &Hospital , Chennai. Sample size of 40 hypertensive clients were selected by nonprobability purposive sampling technique. RESULT: In pretest majority of the hypertensive clients Out of 40 samples 29(72.5%) were belongs to mild level of hypertension. 11(27.5%) were having moderate hypertension before administration of drumstick leaves tea. In posttest After administration of drumstick leaves tea over a period of 2 weeks Out of 40 samples 26(65%) were having normal blood pressure ,14(35%) belongs to mild level of hypertension CONCLUSION: The study reveals that drumstick leaves tea was effective in reducing the level of blood pressure among hypertensive clients. The difference was found to be statistically significant p<0.001 level which indicates the effectiveness of drumstick leaves tea in reducing the level.

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Worldwide, cervical cancer kills one woman in every 2 minutes. India ranks fourth in the incidence of cervical cancer and accounts for 1/3 of the global burden of cervical cancer.  It’s sober to think that one Indian woman dies of cervical cancer every 7 minutes. (WHO 2010). Every year cervical cancer is diagnosed in about 500,000 women globally and is responsible for more than 280,000 deaths annually. The primary reason for the high incidence is lack of access to screening and health services, and lack of awareness of the risk factors of cervical cancer.

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Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are rare (one to two per 10, 00, 00 population per year) but life threatening adverse drug reactions. Drugs commonly implicated are anti-epileptics, anti-microbial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Amongst anti-epileptics, carbamazepine and phenytoin are the major culprits.

 Stevens- Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis are potentially fatal skin disorders and the most severe forms of erythema multiforme. The diseases are mucocutaneous reactions that constitute a spectrum of reactions, with TEN being the most severe. The mortality rate from TEN is 30% to 35%. TEN and SJS are triggered by a reaction to medication. Antibiotics, specially sulfonamides, anti seizure agents, non- steroidal, anti- inflammatory drugs, and sulfonamides are the most frequent medications implicated. Most patients with TEN have an abnormal metabolism of the medication; the mechanism leading to TEN seems to be a cell- mediated cyto-toxic reaction.

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The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. Genes are working subunits of DNA. There are between 50.000 and 1,00,000 genes ,and every genes is made up of thousand , even hundreds of  thousands, of chemical basis. Genetic disease in humans is caused due to abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. Prenatal diagnosis is any of various diagnostic techniques to determine whether a developing fetus is affected with genetic disorder.

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Back pain is more common amongst the professionals especially at the middle and upper managerial levels with the onset of computerization, Internet etc., more and more persons are spending long hours sitting in front of their machines and screens, straining their backs against the rule of nature. If we follow nature and our natural instincts, it is very easy to reduce and completely cure various health problems like fatigue, mental and physical depressions. With the changing health care trends nursing education must emphasize Acharya technique as a non pharmacological therapy on relieving back pain.

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Child health is the foundation of the family and wealth of a nation. Good nutrition is the basic component of growth and development for maintenance of health throughout life. “Nutrition is defined  as  combination  of  dynamic  process  by  which the consumed food  is  utilized  for  nourishment,  structural  and   functional efficiency  of  every  cell  of  the body.” Under five children require balanced nutrition to become healthy for national growth and economic development. Malnutrition, insufficient consumption of protein and micronutrients exacerbated by frequent disease and infection (WHO, 2003), is a severe and widespread problem. Soya  foods  help  children  meet  the  dietary  guidelines and that  supports the normal Growth  and  development of children and it also improve growth when substituted  in the diet  of  malnourished  under five  children. Thus soya foods can play an important part in treatment and prevention of malnutrition in fewer than five children. It meets thenormal nutritional status in fewer than five children.

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Tumor Lysis syndrome refers to the constellation of deranged metabolic state, characterized by hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia,   hypocalcemia, and/ or, secondary to rapid breakdown of tumor cells. It is life threatening emergency that typically follows administration of chemotherapy or may be spontaneous. Malignancies, which have a large tumor burden, rapid turnover, as well as a speedy breakdown following chemotherapy, are susceptible. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkins lymphoma are typically predisposed. TLS is best managed by early anticipation and preventive measures than the complicated task of treating an established TLS. Vigorous intravenous hydration is the cornerstone of prevention as well as treatment. Rasburicase has revolutionized the management. It is available in India for the past 1 1/2yr, although the cost is a limiting factor. Children with acute leukemia in developing countries may reach a health facility late, with severe anemia and hyperleukocytosis and enable safe administration of fluids. Dialysis may be required when the metabolic trash overwhelms the renal excretion, resulting in renal failure. Chemotherapeutic drugs are often administered in phase manner in susceptible patients, in an attempt to prevent precipitous lysis of tumor cells. Presentation and management of TLS in relevance to the pediatric emergency room is outlined.

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 Shaken baby syndrome is the most common cause of death or serious neurological injury resulting from child abuse. Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse caused by vigorously shaking an infant, often in anger, to get a child to stop crying or whining. It usually occurs in children less than 1 year of age, and the violent shaking often results in severe and permanent brain injury, spinal-cord injuries, bleeding in the eyes (retinal hemorrhages),and even death.So Families of children with subdural haemorrhages should be thoroughly investigated by social welfare agencies. Reinforcing prevention through helping people understand the dangers of violently shaking a baby, the risk factors and the triggers for it, and ways to lessen the load on stressed out parents and caregivers. This may help to reduce the number of children impacted by Shaken baby syndrome

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In the present study, bakery products and milk shakes were selected to fortify with soy milk. These products are easily available and cost effective too. In fruit varieties apple, grapes and pomegranate were selected, because it goes well with soymilk blend, and without any curdling, it promotes good texture, taste and flavour. In case of bakery items bread, biscuit, cake were selected for fortifying with soy milk, it promotes better texture comparatively than other baked items such as buns, piecrust and puffs.

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