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P. Danial Thomas ¹, V. Ambikapathy ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Microbiology, J.J. College of Arts and Science, Shivpuram, Pudukkottai-622422, IN
2 PG & Research Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi – 613 503, Thanjavur Dt, IN

Abstract

The mycobiota of the soil of the forest floor of South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests was investigated. In the present study soil fungal diversity at four sites were evaluated in a tropical moist broadleaf forest, the ecoregion of southern India. The study period was a full year covering all the four seasons viz. winter, summer, pre-monsoon and post monsoon. We isolated and identified 87 species belonging to 17 genera. Compositional differences were observed among samples from different soil samples like saprophytic species predominating in the litter layer. The total count of genus or species did not always follow the number of cases of isolation. Most of the genera detected belonged to the Ascomycotina with fewer proportions belonging to Deuteromycotina. The genera of highest incidence was found to be Aspergillus 28.73% (25 species) followed by Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria sharing 13.79% (12 species), 8.04% (7 species) and 6.89% (6 species) respectively. Curvularia, Mucor and Trichoderma share 5.74% (5 species each). Rhizopus comprises 3.44% (3 species). The other species like Cladosporium, Dreschlera, Curvularia, Emericella, Saccharomyces and Verticillium comprise 2.29% (2 species each). Absidia, Allomyces, Hormodendrum, Neurospora, Sarocladium, etc. comprise one species each. Among these isolates Sarocladium oryzae was found to be a rare species isolated. Hormodendrum was found to be one of a potential cellulose degraders among these isolates. Comparable levels of fungal richness were observed following traditional specimen-based collecting and culturing surveys, but only after extensive sampling.

Keywords

Biodiversity, Fungi, Western Ghats, Seasons.

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K. Kaviyarasi ¹, K. Kanimozhi ¹, P. Madhanraj ², A. Panneerselvam ¹, V. Ambikapathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M .Sri Puspham College [Autonomous], Poondi-613 03, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Dept of Microbiology, Thanthai Hans Roever College of Arts and Science, Perambalur-621 212, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The soil sample was collected from Manora. After analysing the physic-chemical parameters of the collected marine soil sample, ten actinomycetes species including Actinobispora yunnanensis, Streptomyces albus,Micromonospora echinospora, Saccharopolyspora hirsute, Streptomycetes cyaneus, Actinomadura citrea, Saccharomonospora viridis, Thermomonospora mesophila, Streptoverticillium album Microtetrospora fastidiosa were isolated and they were screened for phosphate solubilization using Pikovskaya's agar medium and the Actinobispora yunnanensis was found to be dominant in phosphate solubilization. Then the DNA of the Actinobispora yunnanensis was isolated, amplified and its 16S rDNA was sequenced and its secondary structure was also predicted.The phylogenetic analysis of the Actinobispora yunnanensis was also carried out.

Keywords

Phosphate, Phosphate Solubilization, 16S r DNA, Actinobispora yunnanensis.

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S. Gomathi ¹, V. Ambikapathy ¹, A. Panneerselvam ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt)- 613503, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Soil is a complex and dynamic environment in which the biological activity is mostly governed by microorganisms. This study deals with the monthly variation of fungal population in chilli field of four different taluk Thiruvarur, Nannilam, Kudavasal and Valangaiman of Thiruvarur(Dt). In the present investigation 40 different species belonging to Deuteromycetes, Ascomycetes and Phycomycetes were isolated using PDA medium and identification by using standard manuals. The maximum number of fungal isolates were recorded in valangaiman (20) when compared to other stations. The dominant species recorded were Aspergillus and Penicillium.

Keywords

Fungal Diversity, Chilli Field, Thiruvarur District.

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M. Mariyappan ¹, R. Bharathidasan ¹, R. Mahalingam ¹, P. Madhanraj ², A. Panneerselvam ¹, V. Ambikapathy ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G.Research Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi-613503, Thanjavur. DT, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Dept of Microbiology, Thanthai Hans Roever College of Arts and Science, Perambalur-621212, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The bacterial organisms were isolated from drinking water (Bacillus, Borchothrix, Clavibacter sp, Ancylobacter sp, and Brevi bacterium). Selected Indian medicinal plants Cardiospermum halicacabum and Melothria heterophylla were selected for antibacterial studies. The solvents used for the extraction of plant ischolar_mains were n- butanol, ethyl acetate and distilled water. The invitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method. The most susceptible Gram-Postive bacteria was Bacillus sp, Brevibacterium sp, and the most susceptible Gram-negative bacteria was Borchothrix sp, Clavibacter sp, and Ancylobacter sp. The extracts of plant Cardiospermum halicacabum and Melothria heterophylla inhibited the growth of the bacterial strains investigated. The most active extracts was compared with the standard antibiotics, penicillin, Streptomycin and Ampicillin 100mg/disc). The results obtained in the present study suggest that Cardiospermum halicacabum and Melothria heterophylla could be used in treating diseases caused by the test organisms. The results are discussed in detail.

Keywords

Medicinal Plants, Antibacterial Activity, Aqueous Extract, N-Butanol Excretory Ethyalcetate Extract.

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