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Sehgal, V. K.
- Assessment of Water Yield and Evapotranspiration over 1985 to 2010 in the Gomti River Basin in India Using the SWAT Model
Authors
1 Water Technology Center, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
3 Division of Environmental Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Allegro Recruitment Consulting, Melbourne, Victoria, AU
5 Spatial Sciences Lab, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, US
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 12 (2015), Pagination: 2202-2212Abstract
Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to assess the water yield and evapotranspiration for the Gomti River basin, India for over a period of 25 years (1985-2010). Streamflow calibration and validation of results showed satisfactory performance (NSE: 0.68-0.51; RSR: 0.56-0.68; |PBIAS|: 2.5-24.3) of the model. The water yield was higher in the midstream sub-basins compared to upstream and downstream sub-basins whereas evapotranspiration per unit area decreased from upstream to the downstream. Both evapotranspiration and water yield at upstream and midstream sub-basins increased from 1985 to 2010, whereas water yield at downstream decreased from 1985 to 2010. We found that the spatial and temporal patterns of evapotranspiration and water yield were closely linked to climatic conditions and irrigation in the basin. The long-term trends in water yield point to a drying tendency of downstream sub-basin covering the districts of Jaunpur and Varanasi.Keywords
Irrigation, Rainfall, Modelling, Streamflow, Water Use.Full Text
- Cardiodepressant Activity of Newer Dihydropyrimidine Derivative in Comparison to Nifedipine on Perfused Rabbits Heart
Authors
1 Department of Pharmacology, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 GMC, Patiala, Punjab, IN
3 Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, IN
4 Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur, Punjab, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 1, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 6-14Abstract
Background: Substituted dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Dihydropyridines are considered as analogue of dihydropyrimidines.
Objectives: In present study newly synthesized test compound 5- Acyl-6-methyl-4(2',3'-methylenedioxy) phenyl - 2 - S - ethyl - 1, 4- dihydropyrimidine, a dihydropyrimidine derivative was investigated with an aim to get valuable substitute for the well known dihydropyridine, Nifedipine.
Material & Methods: The Calcium Channel blocking actiuity of test compound was studied on Rabbit's Heart and its effects were compared with Nifedipine used as control.
Results: Test compound has dose-dependent negative chronotropic and negative inotropic effect on Rabbit's heart but these effects appeared at doses higher than those of Nifedipine. Test compound had no significant change in coronary flow however Nifedipine show significant increase in coronary flow at lower doses.
Conclusion: Test compound appears to be less potent myocardial depressant compared to Nifedipine. Test compound produced calcium channel blocking activity which was dose related and in order to ascertain the status of this compound as a drug, further studies are needed not only in other animals and tissue models but also in various pathophysiological models.
Keywords
Test Compound (5-Acyl-6-Methyl-4(2’,3’-Methylenedioxy) Phenyl - 2 - S - Ethyl - 1, 4-Dihydropyrimidine), DMSO (Dimethylsulphoxide), Nifedipine.Full Text
- To Compare the Effects of Terminalia Arjuna with Rosuvastatin on Total Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors
1 Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College Patiala, Punjab, IN
2 Government Medical College Patiala, Punjab, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 5, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 1056-1066Abstract
Background:In India, CVD is a leading cause of death. Among the modifiable risk factors, hyperlipidemia is one of the important factors. Therefore lowering cholesterol level is a key factor in controlling this disease.Objectives: To compare the effect of Terminalia arjuna, an indigenous drug with Rosuvastatin on serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, in patients of either sex with dyslipidemia.
Material and Methods: An open prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in on 60 patients for the duration of 12 weeks. Patients were distributed into two groups of 30 patients each. Group I was given Rosuvastatin 10 mg daily and group II was given capsules containing bark powder of T.arjuna 500 mg twice daily. Patients TC and LDL-C levels were performed at baseline and then repeated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. The results of both the therapies were then compared and statistically analyzed.
Results: T.arjuna leads to greater reduction in mean TC level than Rosuvastatin (-14.06±8.07% vs -10.10±5.39%), (- 24.73±10.69% vs -19.42±9.98%) and (-27.89±9.25% vs - 24.74±10.02%) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. The difference between both the groups was statistically non-significant (p>0.05) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The reduction in mean LDL-C level was also greater with T.arjuna as compared to Rosuvastatin.
Conclusion: Both Rosuvastatin and T.arjuna were effective in causing significant decrease in serum TC and LDLC levels, but T.arjuna had a slight edge over Rosuvastatin as it showed greater reduction in TC and LDL-C levels as compare to Rosuvastatin. And was found to be safe and well tolerated.
Keywords
Terminalia arjuna, Rosuvastatin, Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein, Cholesterol.Full Text
- Impact of Socio-Economic Status, Rural Background and Gender on the Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors
1 Department of pharmacology, Goverment medical college Patiala, IN
2 Department of Chest & Tuberculosis, Goverment medical college Patiala, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 5, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 1247-1251Abstract
Background: Prevalence of COPD and resistance towards drugs available for its treatment are increasing day by day.
Objectives: To assess the impact of socio-economic status, rural background and gender on the prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Methods: This observational, prospective, open study was conducted in the Department of Chest&TB Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. A total of 250 patients were included in the study over a period of 1 year of mild to very severe stage of COPD according to GOLD guidelines for COPD 2011. Impact of rural background, household medium of cooking food, male: female ratio of disease occurrence, and patient's socio-economic status were evaluated using modified kuppuswami grading.
Results: In the rural population 100 patients out of 215 patients were males and 115 patients were females showing the rising trend of COPD in females of rural background and using biomass combustion and kerosene stove as the medium for cooking food, moreover most of the patients were living in the overcrowding. According to modified kuppuswami classification of socio-economic status, 170 patients were in the lower lower class, and 45 patients were in lower middle class socio-economic status in the rural background.
Conclusion: Highest prevalence of COPD was seen in 51-60 years age group and among the patients of rural background with 215 patients (86%) affected with COPD out of 250 patients. With modified kuppuswami grading of Socio-economic status (SES), we found out that maximum patients in the rural background were from lower lower class SES thus signifying that poor socio-economic status can be a link to COPD.
Keywords
COPD, Gold, Socio-Economic Status, Prevalence, Rural Background.Full Text
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