- B. Arirudran
- S. Subramanian
- R. Balabhaskar
- M. Hemalatha
- T. Murugan
- S. Srinivasan
- Mainul Haque
- Ahmad Zubaidi Bin A. Latif
- C. Shanmugasundaram
- N. Sangeetha
- R. Babujanarthanam
- A. Thenmozhi
- San San Oo
- Nurul Liana Sabrin
- Norsyahira Syazwana Mohd Razali
- Khairunnisa Khalid
- Nurul Farihah Mohamed Nadzari
- Thant Zin
- Deivendran Kalirathinam
- Manoj Abraham Manoharlal
- ChongLi Mei
- Chong Kar Ling
- Thomas Wong Yong Sheng
- Albin Jerome
- Bhagyashri Bhagwan Vichare
- Naresh Baskar Raj
- Subbiah Murugesan
- Sundaresan Bhuvaneswari
- Vajiravelu Sivamurugan
- S. Illanjiam
- J. Sivakumar
- C. Shanmuga Sundaram
- L. Krishnasamy
- Harmy Bin Mohamed Yusoff
- Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics
- Research Journal of Science and Technology
- Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
- Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology
- Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry
- Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
- Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Mahadeva Rao, U. S.
- Ameliorative Role of Threshold Level of Bilirubin in Newborn Jaundice and Efficacy of Noni Fruit Extract on Phenyl Hydrazine Induced Jaundice Rat
Authors
1 Department of Bio-Chemistry, S.R.M. Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur-603203, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 196-201Abstract
The aims of the present work were to elucidate the role of bilirubin as a free radical scavenger in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemic newborns. Bilirubin above an optimum level is toxic to human systems and is extcreted in urinary and through gastrointestinal tract. It is observed that serum bilirubin up to 85μ mole/l (5mg/dl) has a free radical scavenger activity and exceeding 200μmole/l (12mg/dl) is highly pro-oxidant. Phototherapy is the accepted therapeutic management of jaundiced newborns and has been shown to augment the oxidative stress. The ethanolic extract of Noni fruit administered orally at a dose of 3mg/ml is found to diminish the oxidative stress in erythrocytes of phenylhydrazine–induced unconjugated hyperbilirubinemic jaundiced rats, treated with phototherapy, which ultimately reduces the bilirubin level without inducing additional damages.Keywords
Bilirubin, Free Radical Scavenger, Pro-Oxidant, Phototherapy, Jaundice, Oxidative Stress, Noni.References
- Text book of Pediatrics (Behrman R E, Vanghen V C, Nelson W E and Saunders W B, eds), Philadelphia, USA, (1992) 14th edn: 476
- Murray R K Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, McGraw Hill,USA (2003) 26th edn, 270-285
- Kaplan M, Muraca M, Hammerman C, Rubaltelli F F, Vilei MT, Vreman H J and Stevenson D K Pediatrics (2002) 110, e47 4. Mazumder S, Sarkar U and Sengupta D. Indian J Exp Biol(1995) 33: 303-305
- Mazumder S, Sarkar U and Sengupta D Indian J Exp Biol (2000) 38 :91-94
- Wennberg R P, Ahlfors C E, Bhutani V K, Johnson L H and Shapiro S M Pediatrics(2006) 117:474-485
- Kiran Dahiya, A.D.Tiwari, Vijay Shankar, Simmi Kharb, Rakesh Dhankhar,. Indian J. Cli. Biochem. (2006):21(1) 157-160
- N Nag, S Halder, R Chaudhuri, S Adhikary and S Mazumder, Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics( 2009) 46:73-78.
- Bader D, Kugelman A, Blum D E, Riskin A and Tirosh E. IMAJ (2006) 8: 12-16
- Greenberg D A Proc Natl Acad Sci (2002) 99: 15837-15839
- Drabkin DL, Austin JH J. Biol. Chem. (1932) 98:719-733
- Kumar, R., Seth, R.K., Sekhon, M.S. and Bhargava, J.S., Burn. (1995) 21: 96-97.
- Ellman, G.L.. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1959). 82: 70-77.
- Beutler, E., Duron, O. and Kelly, B.M. J. Lab. Clin. Med.(1963). 61: 882-888.
- Mc Cormick, D.B. and Greene, H.L Vitamins, In: Teitz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry Eds. Burtis,CA and Ashwood, 999-1028.
- Doumas, B.T. and Biggs, H.G.). Chem. (1972) 7:175-188.
- Misra, HP. and Fridovich, I. J. Biol. Chem. (1972) 247: 3170-3175.
- Sun J, Schulman S G and Perrin J H Anal Chem Acta (1997) 338: 1-2
- Valentine J S and Curtis AB J Am Chem Soc (1975) 97: 224-226
- Larson E A, Evans G T and Watson CJ J Lab Clin Med (1947) 32: 481-488
- Varley H, Gowenlock A H and Bell M Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 5th edn, W H Med Book Ltd. London (1984) 1024-1027
- Malloy H T and Evelyn K A J. Biol Chem. (1937) 119: 481-90
- Cascone O, Frydman R B, Ferrara P, Tomaro M L and Rosenfeld J Eur J Biochem (1989) 179, 123-130
- Lohr C W and Waller H D In: Methods in enzymology (Bergmeyer H ed), Academic Press, New York (1974),636
- Yamada K and Shimazono W J Biochem (1962) 51: 242-245
- Horecker B L and Symrniotis P Z In: Methods in enzymology (Colowick S P, Kaplan N O, eds), Academic Press, New York(1955) Vol. 1: 371
- Mellors A and Tappel A L J Biol Chem (1966) 241: 4353-4356
- Liu Y, Shi J and Langrish T A G Chem Eng J (2006) 120: 203-209
- Huang W, Zhang J, Chua S S, Qatanani M, Han Y, Granata R and Moore D D Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) (2003) 100: 4156-4161
- Gallucci M T, Lubrano R, Meloni C, Morosetti M, Manca di Villahermosa S, Scoppi P, Palombo G, Castello M A and Casciani C U Clini Nephrol(1999) 52:239-245
- Esterbaur H, Schauer R J and Zollner H Free Radic Biol Med (1991) 11: 81-128
- Yoritaka A, Hattori N, Uchida K, Tanaka M, Stadtman E R and Mizuno Y Proc Natl Acad Sci(1996) 93:2696-2701
- Lowry O H and Lopez J A J Biol Chem (1946) 162:421-428
- Jain S K Free Radic Biol Med (1998) 24:197-201
- Ostrea, E.M. Jr., Cepeda, E.E., Fleury, C.A. and Balun, J.E Acta. Pediatr. (1985) 74:378-381
- BracciR,TalluriB and BerniS. Acta. Paediatr. Scan(1988) 77 (3): 349-356.
- Turgut, M., Basaran, O., Cekmen, M., Karatas, F., Kurt, A. and Aygun, A.D. J. Paediatr. Child Health. (2004). 40 (11): 633-637.
- Mahadeva Rao.US and Subramanian S. J. Med. Chem. Res (2009) 18:433-446
- Comparative Biochemical Evaluation on Nutraceutic and Phytotherapeutic Properties of Mengkudu and Midshipman’s Butter – Review
Authors
1 PG Department of Biochemistry, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur-603203, IN
2 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Kota 20300, Kuala Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 3, No 5 (2011), Pagination: 232-237Abstract
Background: Rasayana is a branch of Ayurveda which deals with the ability of the herb to bestow upon the body enhanced capacity of warding off infections and delaying the ageing process. Indigenous natural products have become the alternative way to replace the synthetic medicine.
Aim: This review gives an account of the current knowledge on the Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia-Rubiaceae) and Midshipman’s butter (Persea americana- Lauraceae), the ethno medicinal plants.
Nutraceutics: A wide range of phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, vitamins, minerals and many more compounds whose activities have been proved are present in both the fruit extracts.
Pharmacology: The fruits of both plants have been used in traditional medicines to prevent, treat, and cure both communicable and non communicable diseases.
Conclusion: The present review includes detailed epidemiology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological aspects of aqueous extracts of fruits of Mengkudu and Midshipman’s butter in an attempt to provide a direction for further research.
Keywords
Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Nutraceutics, Epidemiology.- Screening of Biofuel Producing Microalgae from Different Fresh-Water Bodies around Chennai
Authors
1 SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu - 603203, IN
2 University Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 3, No 6 (2011), Pagination: 343-345Abstract
Aim: The present study is to carry out in search of high biofuel producing microalgae from local fresh water bodies.
Objective: Biofuel is a clean burning fuel currently being produced from algae, vegetable oils or animal fats. Its chemical structure is that of fatty acid alkyl esters.
Methods: Biofuel is produced by trans-esterification of oils with short chain alcohols or by the esterification of fatty acids. The transesterification reaction consists of transforming triglycerides into fatty acid alkyl ester in the presence of an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol and catalyst such as an alkali or acid with glycerol as a by product. Water samples were aseptically collected from selected water bodies. They were subjected to physicochemical analysis and screening of biofuel producers.
Results: The isolated biofuel producing microalgae were grown on their respective media to obtain biomass and their biofuel producing efficacy. Among 5 species isolated one species showed that high biomass and biofuel yield.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the fresh water bodies found around Chennai are the richest source of native biofuel producers and the chlorella stood first in biofuel producing efficiency in our study.
Keywords
Biofuel, Triglyceride, Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters, Transesterification, Glycerol, Biomass..- Socio, Medico and Economic Impacts on in and around Dwellers of Industrial Effluent Pretentious Areas - A Critical Survey
Authors
1 Department of Economics, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan campus, ET
2 Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, MY
3 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Kota, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol 3, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 182-195Abstract
Background of study: The present study makes a solemn effort to review into the factors affecting the environment and health, and the ways and means to improve the value of life of the people living in and around the industrial area. Objectives: The purposes of the study include the assessment of the quantum of water pollution with reference to the tolerance level given by Environmental Protection Agency and Indian Standard Limits, the approximation of the budgetary recurring expenditure towards treatment for health reparations of the sample families due to water effluence, the identification of the determinants of the inclination to pay and the readiness to accept of the sample families, and the recommendations suitable for policy measures to lessen environmental pollution. Sample Design: A two-tier sample design is the unique feature of the study. The first stage of sampling is the selection of the villages on the basis of distances from the SIPCOT industrial complex. The second stage of the sampling is the selection of families from the sample villages. Method of Analysis: An exploration survey of the area is undertaken with a view to gain insight into the economic conditions and health status of the people in the SIPCOT area. Water samples were collected from all sample villages, and they were analyzed in chemical laboratories. Results and Discussion: Children are affected more than adults by waterborne diseases in all the SIPCOT zones. Adults are mostly affected by respiratory problems, skin diseases, and enteric fever. Conclusion: Information regarding various other methods of control, treatment and disposal of gaseous, liquid and solid wastes from the chemical industries and the pollution effects on health should be collected by the Pollution Control Authorities and educated to the SIPCOT management, and surrounding village people.- Clinical Study of Preventive Potentials of Consumption of Buah naga [Cactaceae] Against Paracetamol–Induced Hepatotoxicity as well as the Other Associated Biological Effects
Authors
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, MY
2 Department of Biochemistry, RKM Vivekananda College, Chennai, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 2, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 16-23Abstract
Objective: Preliminary studies on the effects of dietary supplementation with Buah naga or Red pitaya fruit on some biochemical, and haematological parameters and histological examinations of liver, were investigated in albino rats in which liver damage was induced by paracetamol (PAM). Experimental Design: Thirty six rats were divided into six groups (including hepatotoxic and non - hepatotoxic), and were fed with 5 and 10% Buah naga fruit extract supplemented diet. Methods: Weight changes and parameters including alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), total protein, glucose, total triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol, reduced glutathione(GSH), lipid peroxidation(LPO), packed cell volume(PCV), total and differential leucocyte count were determined using standard methods. Results of Biochemical Parameters: The consumption of Buah naga supplemented diet gain the weight of the animals as well as alteration in the levels of glucose, protein, ALT and AST in the hepatotoxic groups towards normalcy. The GSH level were significantly increased (p<0.05) while TG were reduced in hepatotoxic group fed extract supplemented diet. Glucose was significantly reduced to near normal (p<0.05) in the two treated groups. Similar results observed in cholesterol and LPO status. Results of Haematological Parameters: WBC, Hb, and PCV were significantly reduced in hepatotoxic groups and refurbished in treated animals. The hepatotoxic control had significant reduction in neutrophils count and recuperated to near normal in treated rats. Histological Studies: The necrotic effects of paracetamol seen in the abnormal histological changes were gradually regenerated to its native architecture in the hepatotoxic treated groups. Conclusion: Thus the present study conjectured that Buah naga consumption prevent or treat the PAM induced hepatotoxicity and associated other deleterious effects.Keywords
Buah naga, Paracetamol, Lipid Peroxidation, Necrosis, Hepatotoxicity.- Hepatotoxic Effect of Sodium Valproate Therapy in Epileptic Children
Authors
1 PG Department of Biochemistry, SRM College of Arts and Science, Chennai-603 203, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 135-138Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is more common in children than in adults. Valproate (VPA) is a widely used drug in the treatment of epilepsy and, compared to other anticonvulsant drugs, is considered safe. However, more serious adverse reactions can occur such as hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis.
Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate whether children with epilepsy undergoing valproate therapy has been associated with hepatotoxicity. So, a comparative study was done in epileptic children before and after treatment with VPA.
Methods: Serum levels of hepatic marker enzymes, protein and bilirubin profile and prothrombin time in plasma were estimated.
Results: Significant increase (p<0.05) of hepatic marker enzymes was observed in the epileptic children after VPA treatment. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of protein, albumin and globulin in post treated children. The levels of bilirubin showed no significant (p<0.05) changes but the prothrombin time was observed to be increased significantly (p<0.05).
Discussion: The increase in hepatic marker enzymes may reflect enzyme induction and the decrease in protein level showed increase binding of VPA to albumin. Increase in prothrombin time might be synthetic function of liver. The secretory function of liver not affected from the values of bilirubin.
Conclusion: The above results suggest that valproate treatment in epileptic children is associated with mild hepatotoxicity.
Keywords
Sodium Valproate, Hepatic Marker Enzymes, Hepatotoxicity, Epilepsy, Antiepileptic Drug.- Clinical Evaluation to Assess the Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Avocado Fruit on Diabetic Dyslipidemia Studied in STZ- Induced Experimental Albino Rats
Authors
1 P.G. Department of Biochemistry, SRM College of Arts and Science, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, KMG College of Arts and Science, Gudiyattam, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 4, No 7 (2011), Pagination: 1131-1136Abstract
In Diabetes mellitus, the insulin defect reflects in elevated gluconeogenic metabolite accumulation, which leads to excess acetyl Co-A storage, and, in turn, the acetyl Co-A acts as a precursor of lipids directly, and lipoprotein indirectly, synthesis. Thus, hyperlipidemia is an associated complication of diabetes mellitus. Recently, we have reported that ethanolic extract of Persea americana lowered the blood glucose and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. In this present study, the hypolipidemic effect of Persea americana fruit was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of fruit extract (300 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days resulted in significant reduction in serum and tissue cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and free fatty acids in STZ-diabetic rats. In addition to that, significant decrease in high density lipoprotein while significant increase in low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein, were observed in diabetic rats, which were brought to near normal after 30 days of herbal extract treatment. The results obtained are comparable with glyclazide, a standard drug. Results of the present study indicate that the fruits of Avocado showed antihyperlipidemic effect in addition to its antidiabetic and free radical scavenging activity properties in type 2 diabetic rats.
Keywords
Avocado, Acetyl Co-A, Hyperlipidemia, Lipoproteins, Gluconeogenic, Persea americana.- Secondary Metabolite Screening, Bioactive Compound Extraction, and Disrupting Mitotic Activity of Wild Cabbage [Brassicaceae] towards Cancer Management.
Authors
1 PG Department of Biochemistry, SRM Arts and Science College, Chennai-603203, IN
2 Department of Biochem, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, MY
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 2, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 19-31Abstract
Objective: The present study has been formulated with an objective to establish the preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimitotic activity of Brassica oleracea. Method: Brassica oleracea was collected, homogenized and extracted with different solvents. Antimitotic activity of Brassica oleracea was evaluated using the meristamatic cells from the ischolar_main of Allium cepa. Experiments were carried out with incorporation of folic acid in the extract. Results: The preliminary study revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols and glycosides. Folic acid inhibited the antimitotic activity of Brassica oleracea extract. The antimitotic activity obtained was compared with methotrexate-a referred anticancer drug. Discussion: The results obtained from the present study pinpoint that antimitotic activity of Brassica oleracea may be due to the presence of flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, polyphenols and saponins. Conclusion: Hence Brassica oleracea is a promising source of phytochemicals which promote human health by strengthening the human immune system, inactivate cancer-causing substances, protect the heart and eyes from disease, boost enzyme activity to increase the benefits of the various protective enzymes, reduce bad cholesterol levels, and anti-aging.Keywords
Antimitotic, Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa, Polyphenols, Saponins.- Antimicrobial Effect of Separate Extract of Acetone, Ethyl Acetate, Methanol and Aqueous from Leaf of Milkweed (Calotropis gigantea L.)
Authors
1 P.G. Department of Biochemistry, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur-603203, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Kota, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, MY
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 1, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 102-107Abstract
Objective: The present communication attempts to study the antimicrobial activity of leaf of Calotropis gigantea L. Methods: The leaf is subjected to various extraction using acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous solvents against different bacterial and fungal organisms using disc diffusion method. Result: The acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts were active against all the samples and showed significant antibacterial properties. The methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts exhibited less activity against fungal organisms. Conclusion: Thus it may be suggested that leaf extracts of Calotropis gigantea L. may be used to treat oral bacterial diseases.
Keywords
Calotropis gigantea L, Antimicrobial Activity, Disc Diffusion Method.- Accessibility and Availability, Sociodemographic Characteristics, Health Centre Facilities and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Modifiable Lifestyle Diseases among Adult Population in East Coast Malaysia-A Cross-sectional Study
Authors
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, MY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 10, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 317-324Abstract
Background: Modifiable Lifestyle Disease (MLD) can give rise to many complications. If left untreated, the disease can affect one's quality of life. MLD can be prevented by modifying our sedentary lifestyle and dietary practice. Introduction: Nowadays, people are aware of the effect of MLDs in their life but the treatment preferences are different among various people. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the treatment seeking behaviour (TSB) among adult populations in East coast Malaysia (Kampung Ladang Sehat, Kuala Terengganu). Method: The survey was conducted by using cross sectional-based questionnaire. The knowledge, attitude and practice among Kampung Ladang Sehat population in East Coast Malaysia with reference to correlation between socio demographic factors and MLD's TSB is studied. Conclusion: The TSB among adult population in Kampung Ladang Sehat is postulated towards down surging according to the correlation between variables used in the study.Keywords
Modifiable Lifestyle Disease, Treatment Seeking Behaviour, Quality of Life, Dietary Practice.- Association between the Usage of Smartphone as the Risk Factor for the Prevalence of Upper Extremity and Neck Symptoms among University Students:A Cross-Sectional Survey Based Study
Authors
1 School of Rehabilitation, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, MY
2 Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, MY
4 School of Physiotherapy, AIMST University, Semeling, MY
5 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 10, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 1184-1190Abstract
Background: The usage of smartphone played a significant role in everyday life especially among students. Concern has risen universally of possible musculoskeletal symptoms among smartphone users due to excessive use. Objective: To determine the prevalence of neck and upper extremity symptoms among University students who were using a smartphone. Methods: A cross - sectional survey using self - administered questionnaires were conducted on 250 undergraduate students from one of the leading university in Malaysia. Six out of 250 participants (2.4%) were excluded as they were not a smartphone user. The number of participants from two faculties, namely Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FMHS) and Faculty of Accountancy and Management (FAM) were determined with stratified random sampling using Kish Leslie sample size formula. Results: The frequency of six measures of smartphone use was ranked from highest to lowest in order: Internet browsing and E - learning (85.20%), making phone calls (78.30%), texting and emails (77.00%), music, video, and pictures (75.40%), gaming (51.20%) and scheduling (32.80%). Out of 244 participants, 49 (20.1%) of the smartphone users were found to have developed some degree of upper extremity and neck symptoms. The prevalence of neck symptoms was the highest with 44 (18.03%) sufferers, followed by right shoulder symptoms (13.93%) and left shoulder symptoms (11.07%). Despite the symptoms experienced, only 5 (10.20%) participants received treatment while 30 participants (61.22%) claimed that they continued using the smartphone during these episodes. Conclusion: It is postulated that there is a positive relationship between smartphone usage and prevalence of upper extremity and neck symptoms. Recommendation: It is high time to disseminate the basic education on proper usage related to ergonomics is warranted to the university students to increase their awareness.Keywords
Prevalence, Upper Extremity, Neck, Symptoms, Smartphone, Students, Six Measures Of Smartphone Use.- Treadmill-Based Locomotor Training with Leg Weights in People with Chronic Stroke
Authors
1 School of Rehabilitation, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, MY
2 School of Physiotherapy, AIMST University, Semeling, MY
3 Breach Candy Hospital, 60 A, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN
4 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 10, No 5 (2017), Pagination: 1485-1490Abstract
BACKGROUND OF STUDY: Novel locomotor training strategies for individuals with disorders of the central nervous system have associated with the improved locomotor function. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to find the effects of treadmill-based locomotor training with leg weights in individuals with chronic stroke. We assessed impairment and gait parameters in functional ambulation persons with chronic stroke. METHODS: We used a Pretest-posttest design. Twenty individuals with chronic stroke who were community ambulatory were recruited. Participants underwent 30-minute treadmill-based locomotor training sessions three times per week for four weeks. The training program involved treadmill walking for 30 minutes with partial body weight support as needed. Leg weights, equivalent to 5% of body weight affixed around the paretic leg. Gait parameters such as cadence, step length, and stride length and the Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile (mEFAP) as an outcome measures used. RESULTS: Improvements were more significant in cadence than other gait parameters such as step length and stride length. The more significant improvement was seen in step length than in stride length. In mEFAP, 5.98% improvement was seen showing enhanced the functional ambulatory capacity of participants. In Chedokemcmaster Stroke Assessment Activity Inventory, 4.27% improvement was seen. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that treadmill-based locomotor training combined with leg weights could be a feasible approach for improving the ability to perform complex walking tasks, such as stair climbing, in individuals with chronic stroke.Keywords
Stroke, Weight Load, Treadmill, Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile.- Screening of Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of Marine Red Alga Portieria hornemannii (Lyngbye) P. C. Silva
Authors
1 Division of Algal Biotechnology and Bionano Technology, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 600 030, IN
2 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, MY
3 Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 600 030, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 9, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 131-136Abstract
The evaluation of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of marine red alga Portieria hornemannii against bacterial pathogens have been established in the present investigation. The quantitative phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of P. hornemannii, showed a maximum number of natural products such as tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, etc. The antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of P. hornemannii showed the highest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (77.77%) and the chloroform extract showed the lowest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by showing (52.63%) as evaluated by disc diffusion method. Our findings provide the evidence that the methanol extract of P. hornemannii possesses the good antimicrobial activity and hence, the alga proves to be an effective therapeutic agent.Keywords
Phytochemical, Portieria hornemannii, Antibacterial Activity, Therapeutic Agent.References
- Levering T, Hoppe HA, Schmid OJ. Marine Algae. A survey of research and Utilization. Granm be Gruyter and Co., Hamburg 1969; 1-421.
- Chapman VJ. Seaweeds and their uses. The Camelot Press Ltd., Methuen and Co Ltd., London and Southampton, II Edn1970; 6385.
- Ortiz J, Romero N, Robert P, Araya J, Lopez-Hernández J, Bozzo C. Dietary fiber, amino acid, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of the edible seaweeds Ulvalactuca and Durvillaeaantarctica. Food Chem 2006;99: 98–104.
- Hoppe HA and Lerving T. Marine algae in pharmaceutical science, (Walter deGruyter, Berlin) 1982; (2): 3-48.
- Chapman V J and Chapman D J, Seaweed and their uses, (Chapmam and Hall, London)1980; .223.
- Lindequist U and Schweder T. Marine Biotechnology. In: Rehm, H.J., Reed,G. (Eds.) Biotechnology, vol. 10. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim2001; (2):441-484.
- Newman DJ, Cragg GM and Snader KM. Natural products as source of new drugs over the period 1981-2002, J Nat Prod 2003; 66: 1022-1037.
- Siddhanta AK, Mody KH, Ramavat BK, Chauhan VD, Garg VS, Goel AK, Jinandra Doss M,Srivastava MN, Patnaik GK and Kamboj VP. Bioactivity of marine organisms: Part VIII-Screening of some marine flora of Western coast of India. Indian J ExpBiol1997; 35:638-643
- Mahasneh I, Jamal M, Kashasneh M and Ziodeh M. Antibiotic activity of marine algae against multiantibiotic resistant bacteria. Microbio1995; 83: 23-26.
- Pandithurai M, Murugesan S and Sivamurugan V. Antibacterial activity of various solvent extracts of marine brown alga Spatoglossumasperum. International J Pharmacol Res2015; 5(6):133-138.
- Thennarasan S andMurugesan S. Antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract of marine brown alga Lobophoravariegata (J. V. Lamouroux). World J Pharm Res2015; 1714-1722.
- Kotteswari M, Shanthi N, ElamvaluthiM and Murugesan S. Antibacterial activities of Caulerpascalpelliformis (R. Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh from the Gulf of MannarSouth East Coast of India. EJPMR 2015; 2(4):900-907.
- Vinoth Kumar R,Murugesan S, Bhuvaneswari S, Thennarasan S. In vitro antibacterial effects of red alga Champiaparvula(C. Agardh) of various solvents against human pathogenic bacteria. International JAdvPharma 2015; 4(6): 111-116.
- González del Val A, Platas G, Basilio A, Cabello A, Gorrochategui J, Suay I, et al. Screening of antimicrobial activities in red, green and brown macroalgae from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). IntMicrobiol 2001; 4: 35-40.
- Srivastava N, Saurav K, Mohanasrinivasan V, Kannabiran K, Singh M. Antibacterial potential of macroalgae collected from the Mandapam coast, India. Br J PharmacolToxicol 2010; 1(2): 72-76.
- Vairappan CS, Daitoh M, Suzuki M, Abe T, Masuda M. Antibacterial halogenated metabites from the MalysianLaurencia species. Phytochemistry 2001; 58: 291-297.
- Vlachos V, Critchley AT, Von Holy A. Differential anti-bacterial activity of extras from selected southern African macroalgalthalli. Bot Mar 1999; 42: 165-173.
- Oh KB, Lee JH, Chung SC, Shin J, Shin HJ, Kim HK. Antimicrobial activities of the bromophenols from the red alga Odonthaliacorymbifera and some synthetic derivatives. Bioorg Med ChemLett 2008; 18: 104-108.
- Venkateswarlu S, Panchagnula GK, Gottumukkala AL, Subbaraju GV. Synthesis, structural revision, and biological activities of 4′chloroaurone, a metabolite of marine brown alga Spatoglossumvariabile. Tetrahedron 2007; 63: 6909-6914.
- Yang RY, Li CY, Lin YC, Peng GT, She ZG, Zhou SN. Lactones from a brown alga endophytic fungus (No. ZZF36) from the South China Sea and their antimicrobial activities. Bioorg Med ChemLett 2006; 16: 4205-4208.
- Van-Burden TP and Robinson WC. Formation of Complexes between Proteinand Tannin, J Agric Food Chem1981; 1: 77.
- Trease GE and Evans. WC Pharmacognosy, 11th edn. BailliereTindall, London, 1989; 45-50.
- Harbone, JB. Phytochemical Methods, Chapman and Hall Limited, London 1973;49-189.
- Obdoni BO, Ochuko PO. Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some Homostatic plants in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Global J Pure ApplSci 2001; 8: 203208.
- Kumaran A and Karunakaran RJ. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chemistry 2006; 97: 109–114.
- Krishnaiah D, Devi T, BanoA and Sarbatly, R. Studies on phytochemical constituents of six Malaysian medicinal plants. J Medicinal Pl Research 2009; 3(2):67-72.
- Lacaille-Dubois MA and Wagner H. A review of the biological and pharmacological activities of saponins. Phytomedicine 1996; 2: 363-386.
- Vasanthi HR, Charles Dorni AI, Vidyalakshmi KS and Rajamanickam GV. Free fadical scavenging and antioxidant activity of a red alga Acanthophoraspecifera-Relation to its chemical composition. Seaweed ResUtilin 2006; 28(1):119-125
- Selvi M, Shakila P and Selvaraj R. Studies of biochemical contents of some macro algae from the coast ofTuticorin, Tamilnadu. Seaweed ResUtiln1999; 21: 99-103.
- Okwu DE. Evaluation of the chemical composition of Indigenous spices and flavouring agents. Glob J Pure ApplSci 2001; 7:455-9.
- Gavidia I, Tarrio R, Rodriguez-Trelles F, Perez-Bermudez P, Seitz HU. Phytochemistry 2007; 68: 853-864.
- Omulokoli E, Khan B and ChhabraSC.Antiplasmodial activity of four Kenyan medicinal plants. JEthnopharmacol1997; 56: 133137.
- Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents.ClinMicrobiol Rev1999; 12: 564-582.
- Okwu DE, Josiah C, Evaluation of the chemical composition of two Nigerian medicinal plants, African Journal of Biotechnology 2006; 5(4): 357-361.
- Hemat, RAS. Fat and muscle dysfunction. In Hemat RAS, Andropathy. Dublin, Ireland: Urotext2007; 83-85.
- Kolodziej H and Kiderlen AF. Antileishmanial activity and immune modulatory effects of tannins and related compounds on Leishmaniaparasitised RAW 264.7 cells. Phytochemistry 2005; 66(17): 2056-2071.
- Ahn GN, Kim KN, Cha SH, Song CB, Lee J, Heo MS, Yeo, KI, Lee NH, Jee YH, Kim J.S, Heu MS and Jeon JY. Antioxidant activities of phlorotannins purified from Ecklonia cava on free radical scavenging using ESR and H O -mediated DNA damage. Eur Food ResTechnol 2007; 226: 71-79.
- ManjunathaBK.Antibacterial activity of Pterocarpussantalinus. Indian J PharmSci2006; 68(1): 115.
- Kahkonen MP, Hopia A, Vuorela I, Rauha HJ, Pihlaja JP, Kujala K. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chem 1999; 47: 3954-3962.
- Janakiraman N, Johnson M, SahayaSathish S/. (2012). GC-MS analysis of bioactive constituents of Peristrophebicalyculata (Retz.) Nees. (Acanthaceae). Asian Pacific J Trop Biomedicine 2012; S46-S49.
- Sengul M, Ercislib S, Yildizb H, Gungorc N, Kavaza A, Cetina B. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content within the aerial parts of Artemisia absinthum, Artemisia santonicum and Saponariaofficinalis. Iranian J Pharm Res 2011; 10(1), 49-56
- Sangeetha J, Vijayalakshmi K. Determination of bioactive components of ethyl acetate fraction of Punicagranatum rind extract. Int J Pharm SciDrug Res 2011; 3(2):116-122.
- Duan XJ, Zhang WW, Li XM and Wang BG. Evaluation of antioxidant property of extract and fractions obtained from a red alga, Polysiphoniaurceolata. Food Chem 2006;95: 37-43.
- Aliyu AB, Musa AM, Sallau MS, Oyewale AO. Proximate composition, mineral elements and anti-nutritional factors of Anisopusmannii N.E.Br. (Asclepiadaceae). Trends ApplSciRes 2009; 4(1): 68-72.
- Hornsey IS and Hide D. The production of antimicrobial compounds by British Marine algae and Variation of antimicrobial activity with algal generation. Br Phycol J 1985;20: 21-25.
- Nair R, Chabhadiya R and Chanda S. Marine algae: Screening for a potent antibacterial agent. JHerbal Pharmacotherapy 2007; 7:73-86.
- Ünci TN, Bilge Hilal A, Dilek N and Atakan S. Antimicrobial activities of extracts of marine alga from coast of Urla (Üzmir, Turkey) Turk J Biol.2006;7: 171-175.
- Kandhasamy M and Arunachalam KD. Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial property of seaweeds of southeast coast of India. Afr J Biotechnol 2008;7: 1958-1961.
- Ortega PC and Gonzales FRM. Antimicrobialactivities in algae extracts from the coast of Grand Canary Island (In Spanish). Benthos 1990; 6: 31-35.
- Siddhanta AK, Mody KH, Ramavat BK, Chauhan VD, Garg HS, Goel AK, Doss MJ, Srivastava MN, Patnaik, GK and Kamboj VP. Bioactivity of marine organisms: Part VIII – Screening of some marine flora of Western coast of India. Indian J ExpBiol1997; 36:638-643.
- TuneyI, Cadirci BH, Unal D and Sukatar A. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of marine algae from the coast of Urla (‹zmir, Turkey). Turk J Biol 2006;30: 1-5.
- Alghazeer R, El-Saltani H, Saleh N, Al-Najjar A and Hebail F. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of five medicinal Libyan plants extracts. Natural Science 2012;4: 324-335.
- Febles CI, Arias A, Gil-Rodriguez MC, Hardisson A and Sierra Lopez A. In vitro study of antimicrobial activity in algae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) collected from the coast of Tenerife (in Spanish). Anuario del Instituto de EstudiosCanarios1995; 34:181-192.
- Jebasingh SEJ, Rosmary S, Elaiyaaja S, Sivaraman K, Lakshmikandan M and Murugan A. Potential antibacterial activity of selected green and red seaweeds. JPBMS 2011;15:1-7.
- Rajasulochana P, Dhamotharan R and Krishnamoorthy P. Primary Phytochemical Analysis of Kappaphycus Sp. J Amer Science 2009;5(2): 91-96..
- Comparative study of Probiotic Bacteria on ornamental fish giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy for its survival and growth
Authors
1 PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai – 603 103, IN
2 PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai – 603 103, IN
3 Universiti Sultan ZainalAbidin, Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 262-268Abstract
Production of high quality giant gourami is considered essential to prevent the disease outbreak, survival and growth at aquarium. This paper deals with the production of high quality giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy using probiotics. Materials and Methods: This experiment was designed in such way that stocking the Giant gourami in fourgroups, the first one as control without probiotics and the second as experimental with Bacillus sp, third with Lactobacillus spand the fourth as consortium; a mixture of Bacillus sp and Lactobacillus sp. Results and Discussion: The results were compared in terms of quality of Giant gourami. The fish treated with consortium exhibited highest growth rate (Body Weight-4.13+8.24 gm) and survival of 95% at Total Length– 4.23+8.47 cm stage. The upper most growth rate was noted in group IV treated daily with consortium. This treatment group improved in mean weight from 4.13 to 8.27 with an average growth rate of 0.069% per day. This was significantly better than the control group I which grew from 4.15 to 5.83 g with an average of 0.028 % per day. In the experimental tanks the water treated with probiotics played a key role in maintaining the water quality parameters and keeping the ammonia level less than 1.0 ppm. Conclusion: It was established that the use of probiotics plays a very important role in maintaining the water quality, survival and growth rate in ornamental fish forming systems.Keywords
Bacillus sp, consortium, Giant gourami, Lactobacillus sp, Osphronemus goramy, Probiotics.References
- Avella, M.A., G. Gioacchini, O. Decamp, P. Makridis, C. Bracciatelli and O. Carnevali. 2010. Application of multi-species of Bacillus in sea bream larviculture. Aquaculture, 305: 12-19.
- Taoka, Y., H. Maeda, J. Jo, M. Jeon, S.C. Bai, W. Lee, K. Yuge and S. Koshio. 2006. Growth, stress tolerance and non-specific immune response of Japanese flounderParalichthysolivaceus to probiotics in a closed recirculating system. Fish. Sci., 72: 310-321.
- Fuller, R. 1989. A review : Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 66 : 365-378.
- Tannock, G.W., 1997. Control of gastrointestinal pathogens by normal flora. In Klug, M.J., Reddy, C.A., (Ed), Current perspectives in microbial biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washingtion, DC, pp. 374 – 382.
- Velmurugan, S. and S. Rajagopal. 2009. Beneficial uses of probiotics in mass scale production of marine ornamental fish. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 3: 185-190.
- Aly, S.M., Y.A. Ahmed, A.A. Ghareeband M.F. Mohamed. 2008. Studies on Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, as potential probiotics, on the immune response and resistance of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromisniloticus) to challenge infections. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 25: 128-136.
- Rollo, A., R. Sulpizio, M. Nardi, S. Silvi, C. Orpianesi, M. Caggiano, A. Cresci and O. Carnevali. 2006. Live microbial feed supplement in aquaculture for improvement of stress tolerance. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 32: 167-177.
- Picchietti, S., A.M. Fausto, E. Randelli, O. Carnevali, A.R. Taddei, F. Buonocore, G. Scapgloatiand L. Abelli. 2009. Early treatment with Lactobacillus delbrueckii strain induces an increase in intestinal T-cells and granulocytes and modulates immunerelated genes of larval Dicentrarchuslabrax (L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 26: 368-376.
- Cha, J.H., S. Rahimnejad, S.Y. Yang, K.W. Kim and K.J. Lee. 2013. Evaluations of Bacillus spp. as dietary additives on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder (Paralichthysolivaceus) against Streptococcus iniae and as water additives. Aquaculture, 402-403: 50-57.
- Silvi, S., M. Nardi, R. Sulpizio, C. Orpianesi, M. Caggiano, O. Carnevali and A. Cresci. 2008. Effects of addition of Lactobacillus delbrueckii sp. on gut microbiota composition and contribution to the well-being of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrax L.). Microbial Ecol. Health Dis., 20: 53-59.
- Lazado, C.C and C.M.A. Caipang. 2014. Mucosal immunity and probiotics in fish. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 39: 78-89.
- Picchietti, S., M. Mazzini, A.R. Taddei, R. Renna, A.M. Fausto, V. Mulero, O. Carnevali, A. Cresciand L. Abelli. 2007. Effects of administration of probiotic strains on GALT of larval gilthead seabream: immune histochemical and ultrastructural studies. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 22: 57-67.
- Rana, K.J. 1997. Status of global productionand production trends, p. 3-16. In Review of the state of the world aquaculture. FAO Fisheries circular no. 886. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
- Subasinghe, R. 1997. Fish health and quarantine, P. 45 – 49.In Review of the State of the World Aquaculture.FAO Fisheries circular no. 886.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
- Decamp, O., makridis, P., Vercauteren , T., Diereckens, K., and K. Van Driessche, 2004. Selection of probiotics for marine larviculture, Global aquaculture advocate, 38 – 40.
- Laxmi, P., Dharmendra, S., Baghel and K. Vikas, 2005.Role and prospect of probiotics use in aquaculture. Aquaculture 4 (2): 247 – 251.
- Kim, H. and G. Lone, 2003. Elucidation of the Vibrio anguillaraum Genetic Response of the potential fish probiontPseudomonas fluorescens, AH2 using RNA Arbitrarily primed PCR. Journal of Bacteriology 183 (3): 831 – 842.
- Holt, J.G., N.R., Krieg, P.H.A Sneathm, J.T. Staley and S.T. Williams,(1994) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9thedn.Baltimore, MD: Williams and Williams.
- Strickland, J. D. H. and Parsons, T. R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis, London: Bioscience Publishers Inc.
- Hach, C. C. Klein, Jr., R. L. and Gibbs, C. R. (1992). Introduction to biochemical oxygen demand (Technical information series – Booklet 7), Hach Technical Center for Applied Analytical Chemistry, Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado, USA.
- J. F. Queiroz and C. E. Boyd, “Effects of a bacterial inoculums in channel catfish ponds,” Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 67–73, 1998.
- L. Jiqiu, T. Beiping, M. Kangsen et al., “Comparative study between probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 and chloramphenicol on protection of Penaeuschinensis post larvae from pathogenic Vibrios,” Aquaculture, vol. 253, no.1–4, pp. 140–147, 2006.
- Gatesoupe, F. J. 1999. Lactic acid bacteria increase the resistance of turbot larvae, Scophthalmusmaximus, against pathogenic Vibrio. Aquat. Living Resour.7: 277-282.
- Austin, B, Stuckey, L.F., Robertson, P.A.W., Effendi, I., Griffith, D.R.W. 1995. A probiotic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus effective in reducing diseases caused by Aeromonassalmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii. Journal of fish diseases 18: 93-96.
- Gibson, L., J. Woodworth, and A. George. 1998. Probiotic activity of Aeromonas media on the Pacific oyster, Crassostreagigas, when challenged with Vibrio tubiashii. Aquaculture 169 : 111120.
- Giri S. S., Sen S. S., Sukumaran V. (2012). Effects of dietary supplementation of potential probiotic Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG-2 on the innate immunity and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish, Labeorohita. Fish Shellfish Immun. 32, 1135– 1140
- Sun, Y.Z., H.L. Yang, R.L. Ma, C.X. Zhang and W.Y. Lin, 2011. Effect of dietary administration of Psychrobacter sp. on the growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes and immune responses of grouper Epinepheluscoioides. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17:733740.
- Suzer, C., D. Coban, H.O. Kamaci, S. Saka, K. Firat, O. Otgucuoglu and H. Kucuksari, 2011. Lactobacillus spp. bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparusaurata, L.) larvae: Effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 280:140-145
- Olsson, J.C., A. Westerdahl, P. Conway, and S. Kjelleberg. 1992. Intestinal colonization potential of turbot (Scophthalmusmaximus) and dab (Limandalimanda) associated bacteria with inhibitory effects against Vibrio anguillarum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 551-556.
- Tannock, G.W., 1983. Control of gastrointestinal pathogens by normal flora. In Klug, M.J., Reddy, C.A., (Ed), Current perspectives in microbial biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 374 – 382.
- Ringo, E., and F.J. Gatesoupe, 1998. Lactic acid bacteria in fish: a review Aquaculture, 169 : 177 – 203.
- Noh, S.H. Han, K., Won. T.H., Choi, Y.J. 1994. Effect f antibiotics, enzyme, yeast culture and probiotics on growth performance of israeli carp. Korean Journal of Animal Science.,36 : 480-486.
- Bogut, I., Milakovic, Z., Bukvic, Z., Brkic, S., Zimmer, R., 1998. Influence of probiotic (Streptococcus faecium M74) on growth and content of intestinalmicroflora in carp (Cyprinuscarpio). Journal of Animal Science., 43: 231 – 235.
- Fuller, R., 1992. Problems and prospects. In: Fuller, R. (Ed), Probiotics. The Scientific basis. Chapman & Hall, London, UK, pp. 377 – 386.
- Olafsen, J.A., 2001. Interraction between fish larvae and bacteria in marine aquaculture. Aquaculture 200: 223 – 247.
- Guzmán-Villanueva, L.T., D. Tovar-Ramírez, E. Gisbert, H. Cordero, F.A. Guardiola, A. Cuesta, J. Meseguer, F. AscencioValle & M.A. Esteban. 2014. Dietary administration of ß-1,3/1,6glucan and probiotic strain Shewanellaputrefaciens, single or combined, on gilthead seabream growth, immune responses and gene expression. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 39: 34-41.
- Garrido-Pereira, M.A.R., A.L. Braga, A.F. Rocha, L.A. Sampaio& P.C. Abreu. 2013. Effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the abundance and respiration rates of probiotic bacteria. Aquacult. Res., 44(2): 261-267.
- Phenyl Propanoid Glycoside, An Eleutheroside derivative in the Regulation Carbohydrate Metabolism in Hepatic Tissues in T2DM experimental Rats
Authors
1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 283-290Abstract
The enzymes that control glucose metabolism in the liver tissue are considered as potential targets forthe maintenance of normal glycemic control in diabetic individuals. Search for new drugs with more efficacies and without side effects preferably from plant origin continues. Phenyl propanoid glycoside, an eleutheroside derivative is one such phyto secondary metabolite which lacks scientific validation for its folklore use. In the present study it was aimed to systematically study the efficacyof phenyl propanoid glycoside (syringin) (5mg/kg.b.w./rat for 30 days) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis modulating theactivities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in hepatic tissues of T2DM in rats. The assay of activities of carbohydrate metabolizing key enzymes of glycolysis, and pentose phosphate and gluconeogenic pathways in hepatic tissues were performed. The altered activities of key enzymes of these pathways in hepatic tissues of diabetic rats were significantlyreverted to near normalcy upon oral treatment with syringin. In addition, oral administration of syringin to experimental diabetic groups of rats showed significant reduction in the levels of fasting bloodglucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and increased level of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. Thus, thepresent data validated that the oral administration of syringin to diabetic rats regulates glucosehomeostasis by regulating the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.Keywords
Diabetes, Hemoglobin, Insulin, Streptozotocin, Syringin.References
- Peter M, Thulé (2012) Mechanisms of current therapies for diabetes mellitus type 2. Adv Physiol Educ 36: 275–283. Link: https://goo.gl/xo5Z2y
- Egea J, Fabregat I, Frapart YM, Ghezzi P, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, Daiber A. Redox Biology European contribution to the study of ROS : A summary of the fi ndings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 ( EU-ROS ), 2017; 13(May): 94–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.007.
- Huang W, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Huang W, Cai Y. Natural Phenolic Compounds From Medicinal Herbs and Dietary Plants : Potential Use for Cancer Prevention and Dietary Plants : Potential Use for Cancer Prevention, Nutrition and Cancer, 2017; 62: 1-20 https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580903191585.
- Iranshahy M, Javadi B, Iranshahi M, Jahanbakhs SP, Mahyari S, Hassani FV, Karimi G. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Portulaca oleracea L. J Ethnopharmacol, 2017; 205(May): 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.004.
- Liu Y, Wang H, Cai X. Optimization of the extraction of total flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi using the response surface methodology. J Food Sci Technol, 2015; 52(4): 2336–2343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1275-0.
- Tafesse TB, Hymete A, Mekonnen Y, Tadesse M. Antidiabetic activity and phytochemical screening of extracts of the leaves of Ajuga remota Benth on alloxan-induced diabetic mice, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017; 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1757-5.
- Gibson EL, Wardel J, Watts CJ (1998) Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Nutritional Knowledge and Beliefs in Mothers and Children. Appetite 31: 205- 228. Link: https://goo.gl/fes7Ym.
- Mahadeva Rao US, Mohd KS, Abd Halim SZ, et al. Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts. International Medical Journal 2014; 21(3): 96-100.
- Yakubo S, Ueda Y, Tanekura N, et al. Thermogenic effect of Bofu-Tsusho-San on human interscapular adipose tissue. International Medical Journal 2012; 19(4): 378- 381.
- Khan J, Mohammed NI. Mechanisms of obesity induced higher intestinal permeability. International Medical Journal 2012; 19(4): 307-308.
- Yang EJ, Kim SI, Ku HY, Lee DS, Lee JW, Kim YS, et al. Syringin from stem bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla protects Abeta(25-35)-induced toxicity in neuronal cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2010;33(4):531-8.
- Kim NY, Pae HO, Ko YS, Yoo JC, Choi BM, Jun CD, et al. In vitro inducible nitric oxide synthesis inhibitory active constituents from Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Planta Med 1999; 65:656-8.
- Kim SJ, Kwon do Y, Kim YS, Kim YC. Peroxyl radical scavenging capacity of extracts and isolated components from selected medicinal plants. Arch Pharm Res. 2010; 33(6):867-73.
- Kim HC, An RB, Jeong GS, Oh SH, Kim YC. 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging compounds of Fraxini Cortex. Nat Prod Sci. 2005; 11:150-4.
- Muhammad Abdurrazak, Khamsah Suryati Mohd, Bashir Ado Ahmad, US Mahadeva Rao. In vitro α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential of parts of various extracts of Musa paradisiaca. International J. of Integrative Biology. 2015: 16(1); 1-6.
- Muhammad Abdurrazak, U.S.Mahadeva Rao and Khamsah Suryati Mohd. Biochemical evaluation of antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of methanolic tepal extract of Musa paradisiaca studied in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015; 7(8):837-846.
- Bashir Ado Ahmad, Khamsah Suryati Mohd, Muhammad Abdurrazak, U.S.Mahadeva Rao, Thant Zin. Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity Of Pure Syringin In Comparison To Various Solvents Extracts Of Musa Paradisiaca (Banana) (Fruit And Flower) And Total Phenolic Contents. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015; 7(5): 242-7.
- U.S. Mahadeva Rao, Muhammad Abdurrazak, Khamsah Suryati Mohd. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and phenolic content assays of various solvent extracts of tepal of Musa paradisiaca. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 2016; 20 (5): 1181 – 1190. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2005-25 .
- Srinivasan K, Viswanad B, Asrat L, Kaul CL, Ramarao P (2005) Combination of high-fat diet-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: a model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening. Pharmacol Res 52: 313-320. Link: https://goo.gl/8b3c1z
- Conn JW (1940) Interpretation of the glucose tolerance test: necessity of standard preparatory diet. Am J Med Sci 199: 555–564. Link: https://goo.gl/9Jy33j
- Sasaki T, Masty S, Sonae A (1972) Effect of acetic acid concentration on the colour reaction in the Otoluidine boric acid method for blood glucose estimation. Rinshbo Kagaku 1: 346-353. Link: https://goo.gl/VwhtuQ
- Drabkin DL, Austin JH (1932) Spectrophotometric constants for common hemoglobin derivatives in human, dog and rabbit blood. J Biol Chem 98: 719–733. Link: https://goo.gl/BQ14QW
- Nayak SS, Pattabiraman TN (1981) A new colorimetric method for the estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin. Clin Chim Acta 109: 267-274. Link: https://goo.gl/6XWLum
- Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275. Link: https://goo.gl/mmwxZ8
- Natelson S, Scott ML, Beffa C (1951) A rapid method for the estimation of urea in biologic fl uids. Am J Clin Pathol 21: 275-281. Link: https://goo.gl/9y8u9K
- Shang S, Harton M, Tamayo MH, Shanley C, Palanisamy GS, et al. (2011) Increased Foxp3 expression in guinea pigs infected with W-Beijing strains of M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 91: 378-385. Link: https://goo.gl/UUo6eR
- Brod J, Sirota JH (1948) The renal clearance of endogenous “creatinine” IN MAN. J Clin Invest 27: 645-654. Link: https://goo.gl/EbNaTa
- King J (1965a) The transaminases: alanine and aspartate transaminases, In: Practical Clinical Enzymology (Ed.) Van D. Nostrand Co., London, 1965a 363-395.
- King J (1965b) The hydrolases-acid and alkaline phosphatases, In: Practical clinical enzymology. (Ed.) Van D. Nostrand Co., London, 199-208. Link: https://goo.gl/rsyxfq
- Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, et al. (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 28: 412-419. Link: https://goo.gl/W4yRCP
- Panserat S, Capilla E, Gutierrez J, Frappart PO, Vachot C, et al. (2001) Glucokinase is highly induced and glucose-6-phosphatase poorly repressed in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by a single meal with glucose. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 128: 275-283. Link: https://goo.gl/kdrGJ8
- Pogson CI, Denton RM (1967) Effect of alloxan diabetes, starvation and refeeding on glycolytic kinase activities in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Nature 216: 156-157. Link: https://goo.gl/7X3LBQ
- Ells HA, Kirkman HN (1961) A colorimetric method for assay of erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 106: 607-609. Link: https://goo.gl/KaNNcs
- Koide H, Oda T (1959) Pathological occurrence of glucose-6-phosphatase in serum in liver diseases. Clin Chim Acta 4: 554-561. Link: https://goo.gl/LwK7iP
- Gancedo JM, Gancedo C (1971) Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from fermenting and non-fermenting yeasts. Arch Mikrobiol 76: 132-138. Link: https://goo.gl/8ZoHYF
- Leloir LH, Goldemberg SH (1962) Glycogen synthetase from rat liver: (Glucose)n + (UDPG)?(Glucose)n+1 +UDP, In: Colowick SP, Kalpan NO (Eds.), Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press, New York 145–147. Link: https://goo.gl/bS1jUd
- Cornblath M, Randle PJ, Parmeggiani A, Morgan HE (1963) Regulation of glycogenolysis in muscle. Effects of glucagon and anoxia on lactate production, glycogen content, and phosphorylase activity in the perfused isolated rat heart. J Biol Chem 238: 1592-1597. Link: https://goo.gl/ZDhy7u
- King J (1959) A routine method for the estimation of lactic dehydrogenase activity. J Med Lab Technol. 16: 265-272. Link: https://goo.gl/qEMduX
- Morales MA, Jabbagy AJ, Terenizi HR (1973) Mutation effecting accumulation of glycogen. Neurospora Newsletter 20: 24-25. Link: https://goo.gl/LYbxx8
- Mahadeva Rao US, Subramanian S, Biochemical evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effects of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Med Chem Res, 2008, 18, 433 446.
- Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian and US Mahadeva Rao. Amelioration of diabetic dyslipidemia by Morinda citrifolia fruits on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010, 3(1),843-848.
- U.S.Mahadeva Rao, M Haque, Atif AB. Insulin Stimulative and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Persea americana Fruit Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences. 2011; 4 (1): 1-10.
- U. S. Mahadeva Rao and Bizuneh Adinew. Remnant Β-Cell-Stimulative And Anti-Oxidative Effects Of Persea Americana Fruit Extract Studied In Rats Introduced Into Streptozotocin - Induced Hyperglycaemic State. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2011) 8(3): 210‐217.
- Goldstein DE, Little RR, Wiedmeyer HM, England JD, McKenzie EM (1986) Glycated hemoglobin: methodologies and clinical applications. Clin Chem 32: B64–70. Link: https://goo.gl/3U162y
- Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ (2005) The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 365: 1415-1428. Link: https://goo.gl/837Rnq
- Sunmonu TO, Afolayan AJ (2013) Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity and Associated Toxicity of Artemisia afra Aqueous Extract in Wistar Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013: 929074. Link: https://goo.gl/FndjR3
- Liu Z, Que S, Xu J, Peng T (2014) Alanine aminotransferase-old biomarker and new concept: a review. Int J Med Sci 11: 925-935. Link: https://goo.gl/wSzvQp
- Olaoluwa T, Osilesi O, Adebawo OO, Onajobi FD, Oyedemi SO et al. (2015) Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Activities in Selected Tissues of Rats Fed on Processed Atlantic Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 6: 139-152. Link: https://goo.gl/yedFR9
- Akanji MA (1993) Effect of chronic consumption of metabisulphite on the integrity of the rat kidney cellular system. Toxicology 81: 173–179. Link: https://goo.gl/TRXgzq
- Raddatz D, Ramadori G (2007) Carbohydrate metabolism and the liver: actual aspects from physiology and disease. Z Gastroenterol 45: 51-62. Link: https://goo.gl/t2WyFG
- Laakso M, Malkki M, Deeb SS (1995) Amino acid substituents in hexokinase II among patients with NIDDM. Diabetes44 :330-334. Link: https://goo.gl/bYVebm
- O‘Doherty RM, Lehman DL, Telemaque-Potts S, Newgard CB (1999) Metabolic impact of glucokinase overexpression in liver: lowering of blood glucose in fed rats is accompanied by hyperlipidemia. Diabetes 48: 2022-2027. Link: https://goo.gl/Lg7Sey
- Gupta D, Raju J, Prakash J, Baquer NZ (1999) Change in the lipid profi le, lipogenic and related enzymes in the livers of experimental diabetic rats: effect of insulin and vanadate. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 46: 1-7. Link: https://goo.gl/VDPhmy
- Gupta, Vibhor, Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2010) “Human pyruvate kinase M2: A multifunctional protein”. Protein Science 19: 2031–2044. Link: https://goo.gl/PrTdyz
- Ainscow EK, Zhao C, Rutter GA (2000) Acute overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase-A perturbs beta-cell mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion. Diabetes 49: 1149-1155. Link: https://goo.gl/szfzQh
- Nordlie RC, Foster JD, Lange AJ (1999) Regulation of glucose production by the liver. Annu Rev Nutr 19: 379-406. Link: https://goo.gl/Njiwef
- Aoki K, Saito T, Satoh S, Mukasa K, Kaneshiro M, et al. (1999) Dehydroepiandrosterone suppresses the elevated hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities in C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice: comparison with troglitazone. Diabetes 48: 1579-1585. Link: https://goo.gl/ZeUy66
- Jain M, Cui L, Brenner DA, Wang B, Handy DE, et al. (2004) Increased myocardial dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion in mice lacking glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Circulation 109: 898-903. Link: https://goo.gl/LWsT68
- Pederson BA, Cope CR, Schroeder JM, Smith MW, Irimia JM, et al. (2005) Exercise capacity of mice genetically lacking muscle glycogen synthase: in mice, muscle glycogen is not essential for exercise. J Biol Chem 280: 17260- 17265. Link: https://goo.gl/EHdae1
- Isolation and Characterization of Phytochemical Constituents and its Antibacterial Activity of Brassica oleracea var acephala
Authors
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Terengganu, MY
2 PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai–603103, IN
3 PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai–603103, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 297-302Abstract
Objectives: Traditional medicines are mostly depends on medicinal plants. These are considered as good resources of ingredients which can be used in drug formulation and combination. Hence the present study is to investigate the valuable pharmacological activities ofBrassica oleracea var acephala. Materials and Methods: The collected fresh foliage were washed, dried, chopped and powdered for the preparation of ethanolic crude extract. By using this ethanolic crude extract of Brassica oleracea var acephala phytochemical analysis were done. The crude extract was tested against various bacterial strains and fungal strains by Agar Well diffusion assay. Then the crude extract was subjected to GC-MS and FTIR analysis for the identification of bioactive compounds. Results: Preliminary phytochemical test showed the presence of Phenolic compounds, Tannins, Terpenoids, Phytosterol and Flavonoids.The results of the antibacterial screening of the crude extract on the S.aureus showed more inhibition. The ethanolic crude extract showed that eleven compounds were identified through GC-MS and FTIR analysis. Conclusion: Brassica oleracea var acephala has been studied and the results of the present investigation revealed that the leaf extract contained high phytochemical activity. The present study attempted to establish a relationship between ethnopharmacological claims and bioactive constituents present in Brassica oleracea var Acephala against all possible targets for cancer.Keywords
Brassica oleracea var acephala, Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterialactivities, GC-MS Analysis, FTIR Analysis.References
- Shariff, ZU (2001). Modern Herbal Therapy for Common Ailments. Nature Pharmacy series Vol.1, spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadam, Nigeria in Association with Safari Books Ltd. UK, pp 9-84.
- Rindos, D. (1984). The Origins of Agriculture: An Evolutionary Perspective. New York, NY:Academic Press.
- Ramachandran A et al, (2002). Burden of type 2 diabetes and its complications-the Indian scenario. Curr. Sci 83: 1471-1476
- Fransworth, NR (1992). The Role of Ethano Pharmacology in Drug Development. Ciba Foundation Symposium 154. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. John Wiley and Sons, Baffins Lane, Chichester (England), 2-21.
- Farnsworth, NR, Soejarto, DD (1990) Global importance of medicinal plants. In: Conservation of Medicinal Plants. Cambridge University Press, UK 25-52.
- Davidson-Hunt, I (2000). Ecological ethno botany: stumbling toward new practices and paradigms. (MASA) J 16:1–13.
- Zhao H, Lin J, Grossman HB (2007) Dietary isothiocyanates, GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2 pol ymorphisms and bladder cancer risk. Int J Cancer 120:2208-13.
- Van Poppel, G et al.,(1999). Brassica vegetablesand cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms. AdvExp Med Biol 472:159-68.
- Pantuck, EJ et al., (1984). Effect of brussels sprouts and cabbage on drug conjugation. Clin PharmacolTher 35:161-9.
- Platel K, Srinivasan K (1997). Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: vegeta bles as potential hypoglycaemic agents. Nahrung 41 (2): 68-74.
- Kojima T, Tanaka T, Mori H (1994). Chemoprevention of spontaneous endometrial cancer in female Donryu rats by dietary indole-3-carbinol. Cancer Res 54:1446-9
- Schmidt S, et al., (2010) Genotypic and climatic influences on the concentration and composition of flavonoids in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). Food Chem. 119:1293–9.
- *Stan N, Munteanu N (2001).Legumiculturăspecială, vol.II. Editura “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iaşi.
- Eberhardt, F (2007). Causation and Intervention. PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon.
- Hazra KM, Roy RN, Sen SK, Laska S (2007). Isolation of antibacterial pentahydroxy flavones from the seeds of Mimusopselengi Linn. Afr. J.Biotechnol. 6(12):1446–1449.
- Ayshwarya M et al., (2015). Qualitative and quantitative analysis ofphytochemicals in Brassica oleraceavarcapitatarubra. Int. J of multidisciplinary research; (4) 6 (4): 120-136.
- Narendradevanaboyina, N et al., (2013). Preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Alstoniamacrophylla stem bark. Int. J. of Sci. Inventions Today, 2, (1).
- Shinde SA, Kadam SS, Suryawanshi JS, Tare, HL (2013) Antimicrobial activity of Brassica oleracea leaves. Int. J. of universal pharmacy and life sciences 3(2): March-April
- Relative Bioremediation of Used engine oil Contaminated soil from an Industrialised area by Various microbes
Authors
1 PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai–603 103, IN
2 PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai–603 103, IN
3 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 331-338Abstract
Aim:The present study is to degrade the engine oil through microbes from the industrialized areas in and around Chrompet, Chennai. Engine oil contaminated soil samples were collected from different locations of Chrompet which is located 35 KM away from Chennai. Methods:As a result of spread plate technique the microbial colonies were enumerated and three different organisms such as bacteria namely Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp.Actinomycetesnamely Streptomyces spand funginamely Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nigerwereidentified. The bacterial colonies were identified by morphological and biochemical techniques using the taxonomic scheme. pH and optical density (growth rate) was determined for Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp, consortium (Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp), Streptomyces sp,Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillus nigerto the concentration from 1ml to 5ml for 16 days. Results:All the isolated microorganisms had the potential to degrade the engine oil. Comparatively the bacterial consortium had the highest potential to degrade the engine oil.Summary:This formulation may be the best solution to solve the land pollution by engine oil and also to conserve the natural environment.Keywords
Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus sp, Consortium, Engine oil, Pseudomonas sp, Streptomyces sp.References
- Holliger C., S. Gaspard, G. Glod, 1997. “Contaminated environments in the subsurface and bioremediation: organic contaminants,” FEMS Microbiology Reviews., 20, 3-4:517–523.
- Pathak, H., A. Vashistha, P.K. Jain, A., Nagmani, D.P. Jaroli, and M. Lowry., 2010.Physico-chemical properties of petroleum contaminated soil collected from coastal areas of Mumbai. Asian Journal of Experimental Science.,24: 175-178.
- UNEP Environmental setting in Ogoniland and the Niger Delta,2011. Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, 30-33.
- Milic, J.S., V.P. Beskoski, M.V. Ilic, S.A.M. Ali, G.D. GojgicCvijovic and M.M. Vrvic. 2009. Bioremediation of soil heavily crude oil and its products: Composition of the microbial consortium. J. Serbian Chem. Soc., 74: 455-460.
- Alvarez P. G. G., and T. M. Vogel, 1991. “Substrate interactions of benzene, toluene, and para-xylene during microbial degradation by pure cultures and mixed culture aquifer slurries,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57: 10: 2981– 2985.
- Margesin, R and F. Schinner. 1997. Efficiency of indigenous and inoculated cold-adapted soil microorganisms for biodegradation of diesel oil in alpine soils. Appl Environ Microbiol., 63: 2660-2664.
- Obire, O. and I. V. Okudo. 1997. Effects of Crude Oil on a Freshwater Stream in Nigeria. Discov. Innov., 9: 25 – 32.
- Song, H., X. Wang, and R. Bartha, 1990.Appl. Environ Microbiol.,56: 652.
- Cappuccino, J.G. and N. Sherman, 1996. Microbiology - a Laboratory Manual,The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. Inc. NewYork, USA, 137–49.
- Gauri Singh, Ashok Kumar Singh and Kalpana Bhatt., 2016. Biodegradation of Polythenes by Bacteria Isolated From Soil, International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 5, 2:2056-2062.
- Holt, J.G., N.R., Krieg, P.H.A Sneathm, J.T. Staley and S.T. Williams, 1994. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9thedn.Baltimore, MD: Williams and Williams.
- Raper, K.B., Fennell, D.I., 1987.The genus Aspergillus. Krieger RE (ed.) Huntington, New York, Pp. 686.
- Shirling, E. B, Gottlieb, D. 1966.Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 16: 313-340.
- Schulz, D, A. Passeri and M. Schmidt, 1991.Screennig for biosurfactants among crude oil degrading marine microorganisms from the North-Sea Naturforsch. Marine Biosurfactant., 46 (3-4): 197-203.
- Ilyina, A, Castillo Sanchez MI, Villarreal Sanchez JA, Ramirez Esquivel G, Candelas Ramirez J. 2003.Isolation of soil bacteria for bioremediation of hydrocarbon contamination. Вecth.Мock., 2: 88-91.
- Butler C.S. and J.R. Mason, 1997. Structure-function analysis of the bacterial aromatic ring-hydroxylatingdioxygenases.Adv. Microb. Physiol., 38: 47-84.
- Speight, J.G. 1991. The chemistry and technology of petroleum. Marcel Dekker, New York.
- Burger A.E., 1993. Estimating the mortality of seabirds following oil-spills-effects of spill volume.Mar. Pollut.Bull., 26: 239-248.
- Burns K.A., S.D. Garrityand S.C. Levings, 1993. How many years until mangrove ecosystems recover from catastrophic oil spill? Mar. Pollut. Bull., 26: 239-248.
- Ehrlich H.L. 1995. Geomicrobiology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y.
- Bossert, I., and R. Bartha. 1984. The fate of petroleum in soil ecosystems, p. 434-476. In R. M. Atlas (ed.), Petroleummicrobiology. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
- Atlas, R. M. 1988. Microbiology-fundamentals and applications,2nd ed., p. 352-353. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
- Verstraete, W., R. Vanloocke, R. DeBorger, and A. Verlinde.1976. Modelling of the breakdown and the mobilization of hydrocarbons in unsaturated soil layers, p. 99-112. In J. M.Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (ed.), Proceedings of the 3rdInternational Biodegradation Symposium. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London.
- Dibble, J. T., and R. Bartha. 1979. Effect of environmental parameters on the biodegradation of oil sludge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:729-739.
- Agamuthu P., 2001. Solid Waste: Principles and Management: with Malaysian Case Studies (Institute of Biological Science, University Malaya Press, Malaysia), 185-187.
- Jorgensen, K. S, J. Pustinen, and A. M. Suortti, 2000. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by composting in biopiles, Environ Pollut., 107: 245-254.
- Ghazali F.M., R.N.Z. Abdul Salleh, and A. B. M, Basri 2004.Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil by microbial consortium. International Biodetermination Biodegradation., 54: 61-67.
- Das K. and Mukherjee A.K., 2007. Crude petroleum-oil biodegradation efficiency of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from petroleum oil contaminated soil from North-East India. Bioresource Technology., 98: 1339-1345.
- Rosenberg, E., R. Legmann, A. Kushmaro, R. Taube, E. Adler, E.Z. Ron, 1992. Petroleum bioremediation a multiphase problem. Biodegradation., 3: 337-350.
- Zhuang Q., A. D.McGuire,K.P.O'Neill, J. W.Harden, V. E.Romanovsky and J. Yarie., 2002. Modeling soilthermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska.J. Geophys. Res., 8107-8147.
- Antai, S.P. 1990. Biodegradation of Bonny light crudeoil by Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp. Waste Manage. 10: 61-64
- Joshi, P.A., Pandey, G.B. 2011. Screening of petroleum degrading bacteria from cowdung.–Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(1): 69-71.
- Panda, S., Kar, R., Panda, C., 2013. Isolation and identification of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms from oil contaminated environment. Int J Environ SciTechnol 3(5):1314– 1321
- Cooney, J. J., and R. J. Summers. 1976. Hydrocarbon-using microorganisms in three fresh-water ecosystems, p. 141-155.In J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Biodegradation Symposium.Applied SciencePublishers Ltd., London.
- Khan, J. A., and Rizvi, S. H. A., 2011.Isolation and characterization of micro-organism from oil contaminated sites. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2 (3):455-460
- Abostate, M.A., Moustafa, Y.M., Mohamed, N.H., 2011. Biodegradation ofslop wax by Bacillus species isolated from chronic crude oilcontaminated soils. Fuel Process Technol.,92(12):2348-2352.
- Atlas, R. M., A. Sexstone, P. Gustin, 0. Miller, P. Linkins, andK. Everett. 1980. Biodegradation of crude oil by tundra soil microorganisms, p. 21-28. In T. A. Oxley, G. Becker, and D. Allsop (ed.), Proceedings of the 4th International BiodeteriorationSymposium. Pitman Publishing Ltd., London.
- Jensen, V. 1975.Bacterial flora of soil after application of oily waste.Oikos 26:152-158.
- Llanos, C., and A. Kjoller. 1976. Changes in the flora of soil fungi following oil waste application. Oikos 27:377-382.
- Pinholt, Y., S. Struwe, and A. Kjoller. 1979. Microbial changesduring oil decomposition in soil. Holarct. Ecol. 2:195200.
- Song, H. G., T. A. Pedersen, and R. Bartha. 1986. Hydro carbon mineralization in soil: relative bacterial and fungal contribution. Soil Biol. Biochem. 18:109-111.
- Unraveling the Association of Tobacco Smoking (Nicotine) with Gut and Adipocyte Appetite Regulator Hormones–A Systematic Review
Authors
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Terengganu, MY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 913-919Abstract
Lifestyle behaviour is the cause of about 70%–80% deaths in developing countries. Risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, and poor nutrition are the major causes of mortality that are crucial for researchers and policymakers to improve health and reduce preventable deaths in the developing countries. In specific, cigarette smoking has an inverse implication with body weight or body mass index (BMI). Smoking cessation has been linked to weight gain indirectly mediated through gut and adipocyte appetite regulating hormones. This systematic review is achieved through MEDLINE search to collect the data which support this idea using PubMed, Google and MEDLINE databases.Keywords
Association, Tobacco Smoking, Nicotine.References
- Yilmaz Işikhan S, Güleç D. The Clustering of World Countries Regarding Causes of Death and Health Risk Factors. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47(10):1520-1528.
- Prospective Studies Collaboration, “Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900,000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies,” The Lancet, 2009; 373 (9669): 1083–1096.
- K. M. Flegal, R. P. Troiano, E. R. Pamuk, R. J. Kuczmarski, and S. M. Campbell, “The influence of smoking cessation on the prevalence of overweight in the United States,” The New England Journal of Medicine, 1995; 333 (18): 1165–1170.
- R. C. Klesges, A. W. Meyers, L. M. Klesges, and M. E. La Vasque, “Smoking, body weight, and their effects on smoking behavior: a comprehensive review of the literature,” Psychological Bulletin, 1989; 106 (2): 204–230.
- D. Eisenberg and B. C. Quinn, “Estimating the effect of smoking cessation on weight gain: an instrumental variable approach,” Health Services Research, 2006; 41 (6): 2255– 2266.
- H. Shimokata, D. C. Muller, and R. Andres, “Studies in the distribution of body fat. III. Effects of cigarette smoking,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 1989; 261(8): 1169–1173.
- E. Barrett-Connor and K. T. Khaw, “Cigarette smoking and increased central adiposity,” Annals of Internal Medicine, 1989; 111(10): 783–787.
- H. Komiya, Y. Mori, T. Yokose, and N. Tajima, “Smoking as a risk factor for visceral fat accumulation in Japanese men,” Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2006; 208 (2): 123–132.
- E.J.Jacobs,C.C.Newton,Y.Wangetal.,“Waistcircumference and all-cause mortality in a large US cohort,” Archives of Internal Medicine, 2010; 170(15): 1293–1301.
- E. J. Boyko, W. Y. Fujimoto, D. L. Leonetti, and L. NewellMorris, “Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study among Japanese Americans,” Diabetes Care, 2000; 23(4): 465–471.
- B. H. Goodpaster, S. Krishnaswami, H. Resnick et al., “Association between regional adipose tissue distribution and both type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in elderly men and women,” Diabetes Care, 2003; 26(2): 372–379,.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Officeon Smoking and Health, Atlanta, Ga, USA, 2010.
- R. J. Moffatt and S. G. Owens, “Cessation from cigarette smoking: changes in body weight, body composition, resting metabolism, and energy consumption,” Metabolism, 1991; 40(5): 465–470.
- C. M. Ferrara, M. Kumar, B. Nicklas, S. McCrone, and A. P. Goldberg, “Weight gain and adipose tissue metabolism after smoking cessation in women,” International Journal of Obesity, 2001; 25(9): 1322–1326.
- C. Filozof, M. C. Fern´andez Pinilla, and A. Fern´andez-Cruz, “Smoking cessation and weight gain,” Obesity Reviews, 2004; 5(2): 95–103.
- WHO. Tobacco No.339; 2016.
- R. Doll and R. Peto, “The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1981; 66(6): 1191– 1308.
- R.Kahn, R.M.Robertson, R.Smith, and D.Eddy,“The impact of prevention on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease,” Diabetes Care, 2008; 31(8): 1686–1696.
- T. Bush, J. C. Lovejoy, M. Deprey, and K. M. Carpenter, “The effect of tobacco cessation on weight gain, obesity, and diabetes risk,” Obesity (Silver Spring), 2016; 24(9): 1834–1841.
- (DK)N.B.o.H.Danskernes Sundhed. Den Nationale Sundhedsprofil 2013, Copenhagen: National Board of Health. 2014.
- R.C. Klesges, A.W.Meyers, L.M.Klesges, and M.E.LaVasque, “Smoking, body weight, and their effects on smoking behavior: a comprehensive review of the literature,” Psychological Bulletin, 1989; 106(2); 204–230.
- R.C.Klesgesand S.A.Shumaker,“Understandingtherelations between smoking and body weight and their importance to smoking cessation and relapse,” Health Psychology, 1992; 11(supplement): 1–3.
- M. Komiyama, H. Wada, S. Ura et al., “Analysis of factors that determine weight gain during smoking cessation therapy,” PLoS ONE, 2013; 8(8): Article IDe72010.
- A.C.Farley, P.Hajek, D.Lycett, and P.Aveyard, “Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation,” Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 2012; 1 ; Article ID CD006219.
- C. Filozof, M. C. Fernandez Pinilla, and A. Fernandez-Cruz, “Smoking cessation and weight gain,” Obesity Reviews, 2005; 5(2): 95–103.
- G. Miyata, M. M. Meguid, M. Varma, S. O. Fetissov, and H. J. Kim, “Nicotine alters the usual reciprocity between meal size 74, 2001; 1(2): 169–176.
- J.Audrain-Mcgovern and N.L.Benowitz, “Cigarette smoking, nicotine, and body weight,” Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2011; 90(1): 164–168.
- Beltowski J, Jamroz-Wisniewska A, Widomska S. Adiponectin and its role in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8:7-46.
- Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Kihara S, Shimomura I. Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:29-33.
- Havel PJ. Control of energy homeostasis and insulin action by adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation stimulating protein, and adiponectin. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002; 13:51-59.
- Kumada M, Kihara S, Sumitsuji S, Kawamoto T, Matsumoto S, Ouchi N, et al. Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23:85-89.
- Pischon T, Girman CJ, Hotamisligil GS, Rifai N, Hu FB, Rimm EB. Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. JAMA 2004; 291:1730-1737.
- Miyazaki T, Shimada K, Mokuno H, Daida H. Adipocyte derived plasma protein, adiponectin, is associated with smoking status in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart 2003; 89:663.
- Thamer C, Stefan N, Stumvoll M, Hring H, Fritsche A. Reduced adiponectin serum levels in smokers. Atherosclerosis 2005; 179:421-422.
- Efstathiou SP, Skeva I, Dimas C, Panagiotou A, Parisi K, Tzanoumis L, et al. Smoking cessation increases serum adiponectin levels in an apparently healthy Greek population. Atherosclerosis 2009; 205:632-636.
- Takefuji S, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi K, Otsuka R, Wada K, Matsushita K, et al. Smoking status and adiponectin in healthy Japanese men and women. Prev Med 2007; 45:471-475.
- Spranger J, Verma S, Göhring I, Bobbert T, Seifert J, Sindler AL, et al. Adiponectin does not cross the blood-brain barrier but modifies cytokine expression of brain endothelial cells. Diabetes 2006; 55:141-147.
- Qi Y, Takahashi N, Hileman SM, Patel HR, Berg AH, Pajvani UB, et al. Adiponectin acts in the brain to decrease body weight. Nat Med 2004; 10:524-529.
- Kubota N, Yano W, Kubota T, Yamauchi T, Itoh S, Kumagai H, et al. Adiponectin stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase in the hypothalamus and increases food intake. Cell Metab 2007; 6:55-68.
- Wang-Youn Won, Chang-Uk Lee, Jeong-Ho Chae, Jung-Jin Kim, Chul Lee, and Dai-Jin Kim. Changes of Plasma Adiponectin Levels after Smoking Cessation. Psychiatry Investig 2014;11(2):173-178.
- Mohd Hanaffi Siti Hajar, SanipZulkefli, ShaabanJuwita, MohdNoorNorhayati, MohdYusoffSitiSuhaila, AidaHanumGhulamRasool and MohamedYusoffHarmy. Metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in women exposed to second hand smoke. PeerJ. 2018; 6: e5758: 11. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5758.
- J. S. Flier, “Hormone resistance in diabetes and obesity: insulin, leptin, and FGF21,” The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 2012; 85(3): 405–414.
- C. Bjørbæk, S. Uotani, B. da Silva, and J. S. Flier, “Divergent signaling capacities of the long and short isoforms of the leptin receptor,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997; 272(51): 32686–32695.
- B. G. Phillips, M. Kato, K. Narkiewicz, I. Choe, and V. K. Somers, “Increases in leptin levels, sympathetic drive, and weight gain in obstructive sleep apnea,” American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2000; 279(1): H234–H237.
- I. Imayama and B. Prasad, “Role of leptin in obstructive sleep apnea,” Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2017; 14(11): 1607–1621.
- E. de Oliveira, E. G. Moura, A. P. Santos-Silva et al., “Neonatal nicotine exposure causes insulin and leptin resistance and inhibits hypothalamic leptin signaling in adult rat offspring,” Journal of Endocrinology, 2010; 206(1): 55–63.
- J. L. Nobre, P. C. Lisboa, A. P. Santos-Silva et al., “Calcium supplementation reverts central adiposity, leptin, and insulin resistance in adult offspring programed by neonatal nicotine exposure,” Journal of Endocrinology, 2011; 210(3): 349– 359.
- G. Targher, L. Zenari, G. Faccini, G. Falezza, M. Muggeo, and G. Zoppini, “Serum leptin concentrations in young smokers with type 1 diabetes,” Diabetes Care, 2001; 24(4): 793-794.
- J. E. Reseland, H. H. Mundal, K. Hollung et al., “Cigarette smoking may reduce plasma leptin concentration via catecholamines,” Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2005; 73(1): 43–49.
- K. A. Perkins and C. Fonte, “Effects of smoking status and smoking cessation on leptin levels,” Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2002; 4(4): 459–466.
- Yi-Ting Sung, Cheng-Ting Hsiao, I-Jen Chang, Yu-ChihLin, and Chen-Yu Yueh. Journal of Diabetes Research 2016; Article ID 3961756: 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3961756
- Muhammad Zulhusni Suhaimi, Zulkefli Sanip, Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed, Harmy Mohamed Yusoff. Leptin and calorie intake among different nicotine dependent groups. Ann Saudi Med 2016; 36(6): 404-408. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2016.404
- Effects of smoking cessation on serum leptin and adiponectin levels Maria Kryfti, Katerina Dimakou, Michail Toumbis, Zoe Daniil, Chryssi Hatzoglou and Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis. Kryfti et al. Tobacco Induced Diseases 2015; 13:30 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12971-015-0054-7
- A.Chiolero,D.Faeh,F.Paccaud,andJ.Cornuz,“Consequences of smoking for bodyweight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008; 87(4): 801–809.
- D.Bouros,A.Tzouvelekis,S.Anevlavisetal.,“Smokingacutely increases plasma ghrelin concentrations,” Clinical Chemistry, 2006; 52(4): 777–778.
- YahiaA.Kaabi and Mohiealdeen A. Khalifa. Acute One-Cigarette Smoking Decreases Ghrelin Hormone in Saliva: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Endocrinology 2014; Article ID 575671: 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/575671
- H.Lee,K.-H.Joe,W.Kimetal.,“Increased leptin and decreased ghrelin level after smoking cessation,”Neuroscience Letters, 2006; 409(1): 47–51.
- B.-B. Li, Z.-B. Chen, B.-C. Li et al., “Expression of ghrelin in human salivary glands and its levels in saliva and serum in Chinese obese children and adolescents,” Archives of Oral Biology, 2011; 56(4): 389–394.
- Y.-K. Shin, B. Martin, W. Kim et al., “Ghrelin is produced in taste cells and ghrelin receptor null mice show reduced taste responsivity to salty(NaCl) and sour(citric acid) tastants,”PLoS ONE, 2010; 5(9): e12729.
- In Silico Analysis of the Betuline from the Fiddler Crab, Uca annulipes and its Antimicrobial as Well as Anti Lung Cancer Activities.
Authors
1 Universiti Sultan ZainalAbidin, Terengganu, MY
2 Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai – 603 103, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, Chennai – 603 103, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 1849-1856Abstract
Introduction: <i>In silico</i> analysis of the bioactive compound betuline from the fiddler crab, Uca annulipes and its antimicrobial activities were studied. The fiddler crabs, Uca annulipes were collected from Muttukadu Estuary located on the Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India, 35 K.M away from Chennai, on the East Coast Road route to Kovalam. Materials and Methods: Fiddler crabs were collected by hand picking method. From the muscle mass of the Crab the bioactive compound was isolated by GC-MS analysis. Molecular docking was performed to identify the protein ligand responsible for the affinity with lung cancer causing tumour cells. Results and Discussion: Hence betuline is the potential lead molecule for the inhibition of lung cancer protein and the most important residues for potential drug target as carbon hydrogen bond, conventional hydrogen bond and Vander Waals interaction. In vitro studies of antimicrobial activities clearly indicated that the different concentrations of betuline bioactive compound have the potential to control the bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro studies of anticancer activities also evidently showed the different concentrations of bioactive compound betuline have the potential to control the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Conclusion: Reports are very scanty on this species studied and the reports are very old and hence this present investigation would give latest information on the isolation of bioactive compound for the production of pharmaceutical drugs against the lung cancer. These results will be decisive factor for determining a lead bioactive compound for further drug discovery process for the lung cancer.Keywords
Betuline, Escherichia coli, Lung Cancer, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Uca annulipes.References
- Hartnoll, R.G., 1975.The Grapsidae and Ocypodidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Tanzania. J. Zool., 177: 305–328.
- Icely, J.D., and Jones, D.A. 1975. Factors affecting the distribution of the genus Uca (Crustacea: Ocypodidade) on an East African shore. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science., 6: 315–325.
- Dahdouh-Guebas, F., M. Giuggioli, A. Oluoch, M. Vannini and Cannicci, S. 1999. Feeding habits of non-ocypodid crab from two mangrove forests in Kenya. Bulletin of Marine Science. 64: 291–297.
- Nobbs, M., and McGuiness, K.A. 1999. Developing methods for quantifying the apparent abundance of fiddler crabs, (Ocypodidade: Uca) in mangrove habitats. Australian Journal of Ecology., 24: 43–49.
- Macia, A., Quincardete, I. and Paula, J. 2001.A comparison of alternative methods for estimating population density of the fiddler crab Uca annulipes at Saco mangrove. Inhaca Island (Mozambique). Hydrobiologia., 449: 213–219.
- Skov, M.W., and Hartnoll, R.G. 2001. Comparative suitability of binocular observation, burrow counting and excavation for the quantification of the mangrove fiddler crab, Uca annulipes (Milne Edwards, H.). Hydrobiologia; 449: 201–212.
- Skov, M.W., Vannini, M. Shunnula, J.P. Hartnoll, R.G. and Cannicci, S. 2002. Quantifying the density of mangrove crabs. Ocypodidae and Grapsidae. Mar. Biol., 141: 725–732.
- Aggressive Waves in the Lemon-Clawed Fiddler Crab (Uca perplexa): A Regional “Dialect” in Fiji, Judith S. Weis and Peddrick Weis. ISRN Biodiversity. Research Article (4 pages), Article ID 319590, Volume 2013 (2013)
- Backwell, P.Y., Christy, J. H. Telford, S. R. Jennions, M. D and Passmore, N.I. 2000. Dis honest signalling in a fiddler crab. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series, B 267: 1–6.
- Crane, J., 1975. Eastern pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological society. XXVI. Crabs of the genus Uca from the West coast of Central America. Zoological NY, 26:145-208.
- Macintosh, D.J., 1988. The ecology and physiology of decapods of mangrove swamps. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 59: 315-341.
- Ashton, E.C., McIntonsh D.J. and Hoghart, P.J. 2003. A baseline studyof the diversity and community ecology of crab and molluscan macrofauna in the Sematan mangrove forest, Sarawak, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 19:127–142.
- Hofmann, H.S., Bartling, B. and Simm, A. et al., 2006. Identification and classification of differentially expressed genes in non-small cell lung cancer by expression profiling on a global human 59.620-element oligonucleotide array. 16(3): 587-595.
- Ellis, P.M., 2012. The importance of multidisciplinary team management of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.). (1): 7-15.
- Analysis of the Clinicopathological Characteristics and Risk Factors in Patients with Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Jian-Long Miao, Jing-Jing Cai, Xiao-Feng Qin, and Rui-Juan Liu. BioMed Research International. Research Article (5 pages), Article ID 8398156, Volume 2018 (2018)
- Effect of Comorbidity on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Timing and Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan, Shinechimeg Dima, Kun-Huang Chen, Kung-Jeng Wang, Kung-Min Wang, and Nai-Chia Teng. BioMed Research International. Research Article (9 pages), Article ID 1252897, Volume 2018 (2018)
- American Lung Association, 2014c. Lung Cancer Fact Sheet. Available at: http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/lung-cancer/resources/facts.
- Identifying the Best Marker Combination in CEA, CA125, CY211, NSE, and SCC for Lung Cancer Screening by Combining ROC Curve and Logistic Regression Analyses: Is It Feasible?, Qixian Yang, Ping Zhang, Rongqiang Wu, Kefeng Lu, and Hongxing Zhou. Disease Markers. Research Article (12 pages), Article ID 2082840, Volume 2018 (2018)
- Association between VEGF Gene Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility to Lung Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis, Fengming Yang, Zhiqiang Qin, Chuchu Shao, Weitao Liu, Ling Ma, Yongqian Shu, and Hua Shen. BioMed Research International. Review Article (16 pages), Article ID 9271215, Volume 2018 (2018)
- Ma. J., Ward E.M. and Smith, R. et al., 2013. Annual number of lung cancer deaths potentially avertable by screening in the United States. 1; 119 (7): 1381-1385.
- Clinical Lung Cancer Genome Project (CLCGP) 2013. Network Genomic Medicine (NGM). A Genomics-Based Classification of Human Lung Tumors.
- Heuvers, M.E., Hegmans, J.P. and Stricker, B.H. et al., 2012. Improving lung cancer survival; time to move on BMC pulmonary medicine.12: 77.
- Wouters, B.G., Wang, L.H. and Brown, J.M. 1999. Tirapazamine: a new drug producing tumor specific enhancement of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Annals of oncology: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology/ESMO. 10 (5): 29-33.
- Nascimento, A.V., Bousbaa, H. and Ferreira, D. et al., 2014. Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: An Overview on Targeted Therapy. Current Drug Targets.
- Canadian Cancer Society. Cancer Information page. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone. Available at: http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/managing-side-effects/syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone/?region=qc. Copyright © 2014. Accessed 2/25/2014.
- Yoh, K., Kubota, K., and Nomura, M. et al., 2003. Cushing's syndrome associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 42 (9): 831-833.
- Brennan, P., Hainaut, P. and Boffetta, P. 2011. Genetics of lung-cancer susceptibility. The lancet oncology. 12 (4): 399-408.
- CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Press Release. About one in five U.S. adult cigarette smokers have tried an electronic cigarette. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2013/p0228_electronic_cigarettes.html. Last updated 2/28/2013a. Accessed 2/21/2014.
- Kligerman, S., and White, C., 2011. Epidemiology of lung cancer in women: risk factors, survival, and screening. American journal of roentgenology. 196 (2):287-295.
- Cohen, A.J. and Pope, C.A. 1995. 3rd. Lung cancer and air pollution. Environmental health perspectives. 103 (8): 219-224.
- Davidson, M.R., Gazdar, A.F. and Clarke, B.E. 2013. The pivotal role of pathology in the management of lung cancer. Journal of thoracic disease. 5 (5): 463-S478.
- In Silico Analysis of the Phenylephrine from the Sand Crab (Emerita asiatica) for its Antimicrobial Activities
Authors
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, MY
2 Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Padur, Chennai – 603103, IN
3 Research Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Padur, Chennai – 603103, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 5 (2019), Pagination: 2145-2152Abstract
Aim: The present investigation gives a detailed report on the analysis of the bioactive compound isolated from the sand crab Emerita asiatica is having better relation with vasoconstriction. Methods: The sand crab Emerita asiatica were collected from Thiruvidandhai beach located on the Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India, 41 K.M away from Chennai, on the East Coast Road route to Mahabalipuram. Sand crabs were collected by hand picking method. From the muscle mass of the Crab the organic compound was isolated by GC-MS analysis. Molecular docking was also performed to identify the protein ligand responsible for the constriction of blood vessels. Results: The isolated bioactive compound was identified as phenylephrine, an α1 adrenergic receptor which has the potential to lead the molecule for the vasoconstriction. In vitro studies of antibacterial activities clearly indicated that the different concentrations of phenylephrine have the antibacterial activity against the bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Summary: The present investigation would give latest information on the isolation of bioactive compound for the production of pharmaceutical drugs from marine organisms. These results will be decisive factor for determining a lead bioactive compound for further drug discovery process for the vasoconstriction.Keywords
Emerita asiatica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Phenylephrine, Staphylococcus aureus, Vasoconstriction.References
- Deepak Samuel, V., 2012. Website: Marine life India. word press.com
- Lakshmi Pillai, S., and Thirumilu, P. 2005. Exploitation of sand crabs (Emerita asiatica and Albunea symnista) as a source of income during the post – tsunami period along the Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu. Mar. Fish. Infor., ISSN – 0254-380, T and E Ser., No. 186.
- Takai, K., Nakamura, K. Toki, T. and Tsunogai, U.et al., 2008."Cell proliferation at 122°C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (31): 10949–54.
- Fischer, Janos, Ganellin, C. Robin. 2006. Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley and Sons. p. 541.
- Horak, F. Zieglmayer, P. Zieglmayer, R. Lemell, P. Yao, R. Staudinger, H. and Danzig, M. 2009."A placebo-controlled study of the nasal decongestant effect of phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine in the Vienna Challenge Chamber". Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. 102 (2): 116–20.
- UK OTC Directory, Treatments for Common Ailments (PAGB). London: Communications International Group 2005/2006.
- Aviado, D.M., Wnuck, J. AL, and De Beer E.S. 1959. A comparative study of nasal de-congestion by sympathomimetic drugs. Arch Otolaryngol., 69: 598–605.
- Meadows, M.,2001. FDA issues public health advisory on phenylpropanolamine in drug products. FDA Consum., 35:9.
- Tanne, J.H., 2006. Methamphetamine epidemic hits Middle America. 332 (7538): 382.
- Roehr, B., 2005. Half a million Americans use methamphetamine every week. 331 (7515): 476.
- Eccles, R.,1999. Nasal airflow and decongestants. In: Rhinitis Mechanisms and Management, eds Naclerio RM, Durham SR, Mygind N. New York: Marcel Dekker 291–312.
- Taverner, D., Danz, C. and Economos, D. 1999. The effects of oral pseudoephedrine on nasal patency in the common cold: a double-blind single-dose placebo-controlled trial. Clin Otolaryngol., 24: 47–51.
- Taverner, D., Bickford, L.and Draper, M. 2004.Nasal decongestants for the common cold (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
- Eccles, R., Jawad, M.S. Jawad, S.S. Angello, J.T. and Druce, H.M. 2005. Efficacy and safety of single and multiple doses of pseudoephedrine in the treatment of nasal congestion associated with common cold. Am J Rhinol., 19: 25–31.
- Kanfer, I., Dowse, R., and Vuma, V. 1993. Pharmacokinetics of oral decongestants. Pharmacotherapy., 6: 116 –128S.
- Keys, A., and Violante, A. 1942.The cardio-circulatory effects in man of neo-synephrin. J Clin Invest., 21: 1–12.
- Hughes, D.T., Empey, D.W. and Land M. 1983. Review articles. Effects of pseudoephedrine in man. J Clin Hosp Pharm., 8: 315– 21.
- Schwinn, D.A., and Reves, J.G. 1989. Time course and hemodynamic effects of alpha-1-adrenergic bolus administration in anesthetized patients with myocardial disease. Anesth Analg., 68: 571–8.
- Radack. K., and Deck, C.C. 1986. Are oral decongestants safe in hypertension? An evaluation of the evidence and a framework for assessing clinical trials. Ann Allergy., 56: 396–401.
- Chua, S.S. and Benrimoj, S.I. 1988. Non-prescription sympathomimetic agents and hypertension. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp.,3: 387–417.
- Harv Heart Lett., 2005. Anonymous. Don’t let decongestants squeeze your heart. As many over-the-counter decongestants get a new ingredient, you might want to look for alternatives. 16: 3.
- Rameshkumar, G., Ravichandran, S. Aravindhan, T. 2009. Antimicrobial proteins from the crab Charybdis lucifera (Fabricius, 1798). Middle East J Sci Res., 4:40-3.
- Ravichandran, S., Kannupandi, T. Kathiresan, K. 2006. Mangrove leaf processing by sesarmid crabs. Ceylon J Sci., 35:107-13.
- Ravichandran, S., Anthonisamy, S., Kannupandi, T. and Balasubramanian, T. 2007. Habitat preference of crabs in Pichavaram mangrove environment, Southeast coast of India. J Fish Aquat Sci., 2:47-55.
- Ravichandran, S., Anthonisamy, S. Kannupandi, T. and Balasubramanian, T. 2007. Leaf choice of herbivorous mangrove crabs. Res J Environ Sci.,1:26-30.
- Ravichandran, S., Rameshkumar, G. Anthonysamy, A. and Kumaravel, K. 2009. Antibacterial activity from the hemolymph of some brachyuran crabs. Am Eurasian J Sci Res., 4:26-33.
- Ravichandran, S., Wahidulla, S. D’Souza, L. and Rameshkumar, G. 2010. Antimicrobial lipids from the hemolymph of brachyuran crabs. Appl Biochem Biotechnol., 162 (4):1039-51.
- Veeruraj, A., Ravichandran, S. Rameshkumar, G. 2008. Antibacterial activity of crab hemolymph on clinical pathogens. Trends Appl Sci Res., 3: 174-81.
- Anbuchezhian, R.M., Ravichandran, S. Ramesh Kumar, G. Ajithkumar, T. 2009. Influence of crab hemolymph on clinical pathogens. Adv Bio Res 3: 104-9.