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Kiranpreet Kaur ¹, Manpreet Kaur ¹, Neetin Raja ¹, Nisha ¹, Ramandeep Kaur ¹, Richika Massey ¹, Teena Jacob ¹

Affiliations
1 Guru Nanak College of Nursing, Gopalpur, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Background of the study:

Cessation of menstruation termed as menopause is the most striking feature during the period of transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive stage of life. Due to hormonal changes women may experience a wide range of physical, psychological and social problems. Issues associated with their fertility and decreased reproductive functioning makes them feel less desirable in the society. Psychological symptoms cause more damage to daily life and are also most often neglected. Stress due to transition includes adjusting to the changing self, adapting to alterations in sexuality caused by hormonal shifts. Coping strategies help the women to overcome these problems and lead a normal life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial problems and coping strategies of postmenopausal women in selected communities of Ludhiana.

Objectives of the study:

The objectives of the study are;

1. To determine the level of psychosocial problems among postmenopausal women

2 To find out the coping strategies among postmenopausal women.

3. To find the association of psychosocial problems and coping strategies with the demographic variables.

Method: A descriptive survey approach was used for the study. The sample consisted of 50 postmenopausal women, selected by purposive random sampling method. Data was collected by structured interview schedule on psychosocial problems and coping strategies among postmenopausal women prepared by the investigator. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The findings showed that 37(74%) of postmenopausal women were having moderate psychosocial problems, 13(26%) of them were having mild psychosocial problems and none of them were having severe psychosocial problems. Majority (74%) of the postmenopausal women adopted adequate coping strategies and the least (26%) of them adopted inadequate coping strategies.

The study showed that there is a significant association of the level of psychosocial problems with the selected demographic variables like educational status, monthly income, religion, most supportive person in the family and the duration of menopause. The calculated χ² value of educational status (χ² = 7.68), monthly income (χ² =24.88), religion (χ² = 8.14), the most supportive person in the family (χ² = 13.93) and duration of menopause in years (χ² = 12.75) were more than the table values at 0.05 level of significance. Hence null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is accepted. The findings also shows that there is no significant association of the level of psychosocial problems with the selected demographic variables like age, marital status, occupation, type of family, member of any social groups, parity and age of achievement of menopause. The calculated Chi-square value for age (χ² =3.06), marital status (χ² =2.71), occupation (χ² =1.33), type of family (χ² =0.24), member of any social groups (χ² = 0), parity (χ² = 4.04) and age of achievement of menopause (χ² = 1.05) were less than the table value, hence the null hypothesis is accepted.

The study showed that there was a significant association of the level of coping strategies with the selected demographic variables like age, marital status, educational status, occupation, monthly income, age of achievement of menopause and duration of menopause (in years). The calculated χ² value of age (χ² =11.52), marital status (χ² = 10.52), educational status (χ² = 8.86), occupation (χ² = 4.63), monthly income (χ² = 15.92), age of achievement of menopause (χ² = 7.98) and duration of menopause in years (χ² = 10.45) were more than the tables value at 0.05 level of significance. Hence null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is accepted. The findings also shows that there is no significant association of the level of coping strategies with the selected demographic variables like religion, type of family, member of any social groups and parity. The calculated Chi-square value for religion (χ² =3.85), type of family (χ² = 1.27), member of any social groups (χ² = 0) and parity (χ² = 0.78) were less than the table value, hence the null hypothesis is accepted.

Interpretation and conclusion: The finding of the study have certain important implications for the nursing profession such as in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing research and nursing administration. This study was conducted with the objective to assess the psychosocial problems and coping strategies among postmenopausal women at Ludhiana.

Keywords

Assess, Psychosocial Problems, Coping Strategies, Postmenopausal Women.

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Jaswinder Kaur ¹, Jatinder Kaur ¹, Kamaljeet Kaur ¹, J. S. Kirandeep Kaur ¹, Kirandeep Kaur ¹, Lakhwinder Singh ¹, Lovepreet Kaur ¹, Manjinder Kaur ¹, A. S. Manpreet Kaur ¹, B. S. Manpreet Kaur ¹, H. S. Manpreet Kaur ¹, R. S. Manpreet Kaur ¹, Teena Jacob ¹

Affiliations
1 Guru Nanak College of Nursing, Gopalpur, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Background:

Menstruation is an important part of female reproductive cycle, but menstrual dysfunction in adolescent girls may affect the normal life of adolescent girls. Most of the adolescent girls were affected by PMS symptoms like dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia. Poor nutritional status and anaemia were also associated with common menstrual problems among adolescent girls. The menstrual cycle is the scientific term for the physiological changes that can occur in fertile women for the purpose of sexual reproduction and fertilization. The menstrual cycle, under the control of endocrine system. Menstrual cycles are counted from the first day of menstrual bleeding, Average of 28 days. Different phases are menstrual, proliferative, ovulatory, luteal, ischemic and follicular phase.

The frequency of premenstrual syndrome in India was 53% according to ICD-10 criteria, among which 42% was mild, 18.2% moderate and 31.7% severe. A total of 64 girls (18.2%) met the DSM-IV criteria for severe PMS or Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The order of frequency of symptoms occurring in PMS was general body discomfort, anxiety, backache, fatigue and depression. Most frequently reported symptoms in PMDD group were anger, anxiety, stress, depression, fatigue and general body discomfort.

Objectives:

* To determine the pre-test knowledge of adolescents on lifestyle changes in prevention of premenstrual syndrome.

* To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on lifestyle changes in prevention of premenstrual syndrome

* To find the association between lifestyle changes and demographic variables.

Method:

A pre experimental, one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. Using the purposive random sampling technique, 50 adolescent girls were selected and the data was collected by administering the Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on premenstrual syndrome during adolescence period. After collecting data, the planned teaching programme (PTP) was administered to the subjects on the same day and on 8^thday, a post-test was conducted using the same Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

The analysis of the pretest knowledge shows that in the pre test scores, majority (22%) of the adolescent girls had average knowledge, 78% of them had poor knowledge and none of them had good knowledge where as in the post test, majority (60%) of the adolescent girls had average knowledge, 38% of them had good knowledge and the least (2%) of them had poor knowledge regarding life style changes in prevention of premenstrual syndrome. There was no significant association of knowledge scores with the demographic variables like age, age at first menstruation, religion and family income and significant association of knowledge scores with the demographic variables like educational qualification and previous knowledge regarding life style changes in prevention of premenstrual syndrome.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

The findings of the study concluded that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of the adolescent girls regarding life style changes in the prevention of premenstrual syndrome during adolescence period. Educating the adolescent girls, will help them to become more aware about their own health and also helps for early detection and treatment.

Keywords

Effectiveness, Planned Teaching Programme, Life Style Changes in the Prevention of Premenstrual Syndrome during Adolescence Period, Adolescence Girls.

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Teena Jacob ¹, Sandhya D’Almeida ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept of OBG (N), Laxmi Memorial College of Nursing, Mangalore, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Breastfeeding is not as natural as it is thought to be. It has to be practised, learned and it needs a lot of determination, patience and effort on the part of the mother. A pre experimental, one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. Using the purposive sampling technique, 50 antenatal mothers were selected and the data was collected by administering the Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on breast disorders during postnatal period. After collecting data, the Self-instructional Module (SIM) was administered to the subjects on the same day and on 8th day; a post-test was conducted using the same Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis of the pre test knowledge revealed that in the pre-test scores, majority (84%) of the sample had average knowledge, 12% had good knowledge and 4% of them had poor knowledge on breast disorders where as in the post test scores, majority (66%) of the sample had average knowledge and 34% of the sample had good knowledge and none of them had poor knowledge on breast disorders. There was no significant association between the variables like age, type of family, place of residence, religion, and occupation and there was significant association between the variables like educational status, parity and previous knowledge and the post-test knowledge scores. The findings of the study concluded that the Self-instructional Module on breast disorders was effective in improving the knowledge of the antenatal mothers regarding prevention and management of breast disorders during postnatal period.

Keywords

Effectiveness, Self-Instructional Module, Prevention and Management of Breast Disorders During Postnatal Period, Antenatal Mothers.

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