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Chatterjee, Tanushree
- Occurrence of Gigasporomycota Spores and some Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Species in Iron Mines Fields in Chhattisgarh
Authors
1 Raipur Institute of Technology, RITEE, Chatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, C.G. 492101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 208-211Abstract
Fungi within the phylum Gigasporomycota were investigated in iron mines fields in Chhattisgarh. Chhattisgarh is located between 21.27°N 81.60°E. The fungi within this phylum form arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with plant ischolar_mains. Sampling of soil was carried out to a depth of 30 cm in the rhizosphere. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were found at all 10 sampling sites in each field, at densities in between 0 to 03 spores per g dry weight of soil. Significant differences in spore densities were found between unmined, mined and dumped area of iron mines fields. Our study revealed that the upper half (0-15 cm) of the soil profiles had significantly more spores than the lower half (15-30 cm). Spores from ten sampling sites were identified from the indigenous soils. Almost 90% were shown to belong to the genus Gigaspora. The other genera found were Glomus and Sclerocystis.Keywords
Isolation, Identification, Spore Density, Soil Analysis.- Inoculation Studies in some Tree Species with a Glomus sp. Obtained from Iron Ore Mines in Chhattisgarh
Authors
1 Department of Biotechnology, Raipur Institute of Technology, RITEE, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Raipur Institute of Technology, RITEE, Raipur Chhattisgarh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 45-47Abstract
Vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal associations with plants are widely distributed and are geographically ubiquitous. Vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi a group of important soil micro-organism. VAM importance in iron ore mines for revegetation and reclamination. In these present work inoculation studies with VAM of existing five tree species are namely, Dulbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea, , Diospyros melanoxylon, Delonix regia, Dendrocalamus strictus, in nursery pot culture. Comparative studies in different parameter like percentage ischolar_main infection, no. of VAM, ischolar_main length, shoot length, fresh and dry biomass, ischolar_main and shoot length ratio, fresh and dry biomass ratio within 90 days inoculation. In many parameters the VAM inoculated plants show better performance and encouraged results compare then non inoculated control plants.
Keywords
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, Inoculation, Revegetation.- Mycorrhiza:A Mutualistic to Plant
Authors
1 Raipur Institute of Technology, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur (C.G.) 492101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 2, No 6 (2010), Pagination: 117-128Abstract
Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungi and higher plants . Different types of mycorrhizae occur, distinguished by their morphology and to a certain extent, in their physiology. These include the ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. The ectomycorrhizae characterized by an external sheath of fungal cells surrounding the ischolar_main, often penetrates between the cells of epidermis and the first few cells of cortex and the fungal hyphae typically infect the ischolar_mains of forest trees of the temperate region. While mycorrhizae endomycorrhizae like vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VA) fungi forms no sheath, the fungus infects the ischolar_main system of most cultivated crops and usually it invades several layers of the outer ischolar_main cortex. VA-fungal hyphae penetrate individual cells and form arbuscules within the cell and vesicles outside their host cells which led to their name. VA-fungi are associated with improved growth of many plant species due to increased nutrients uptake, production of growth promoting substances, tolerance to drought, salinity and transplant shock and synergistic interaction with other beneficial soil microorganisms such as N-fixers and P-solubilizer. Symbiotic association of plant ischolar_mains with VA-fungi often result in enhanced growth because of increased acquisition of phosphorus (P) and other low mobile mineral nutrients. Effective nutrient acquisition by VA-fungi is generally attributed to the extensive hyphal growth beyond the nutrient depletion zone surrounding the ischolar_main. Although a lack in growth response to VA-fungi inoculation in unsterilized soil was also recorded, this result has been attributed to the fact that native VA-fungi may provide the potential benefit of this mutualistic association.Keywords
Mycorrhiza, Ectomycorrhizae, Endomycorrhizae, Mutualistic, Hyphae.- Current and Future Biotechnological Approaches for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors
1 Raipur Institute of Technology, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, C.G.-492101, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 1, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 94-98Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or action. Insulin helps metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins; store glycogen in the liver; and convert glucose to fat. Diabetes affects an estimated 40 million people in the India and largest number of diabetics in any one country. Diabetes is associated with serious complications and can result in premature death. Diabetes is the major cause of heart disease, stroke, end-stage renal disease, adult blindness and lower limb amputations. Biotechnology is changing the composition of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment diabetes. Present study show some current biotechnological approaches by Prandin, Humalog, Humulin, Novolin and future approaches are Inhaled Insulin, AI-401, Insulinotropin, Somatokine, Altered Peptide Ligands, Symlin, AC2993, and Bioartificial Pancreas. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) uses insulin engineered from human cells rather than animal cells, the previous treatment option, and is associated with better health outcomes.Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, rDNA, Biotechnological Approaches.- Biomarkers: An Emerging Tool for Diagnosis of a Disease and Drug Development
Authors
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technical Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 1, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 9-16Abstract
Biomarkers provide a dynamic and powerful approach to understanding the spectrum of disease with applications in observational and analytic epidemiology, randomized clinical trials, screening and diagnosis and prognosis. Defined as alterations in the constituents of tissues or body fluids, these markers offer the means for homogeneous classification of a disease and risk factors, and the can extend our base information about the underlying pathogenesis of disease. A prerequisite for the clinical use of biomarker is elucidation of the specific indication, standardization of analytical methods, characterization of analytical features, incremental yield of different markers for given clinical indications. Biomarkers can also reflect the entire spectrum of disease from the earliest manifestations to the terminal stages. The major use of biomarkers in clinical investigation.Keywords
Diagnosis, Biomarker, Drug Developments, Disease, Clinical Investigation.- Nanoparticles- Drug Delivery System in Cancer Therapy
Authors
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technical Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 33-41Abstract
Cancer nanotherapeutics are rapidly progressing and are being implemented to solve several limitations of conventional drug delivery systems such as nonspecific biodistribution and targeting, lack of water solubility, poor oral bioavailability, and low therapeutic indices. To improve the biodistribution of cancer drugs, nanoparticles have been designed for optimal size and surface characteristics to increase their circulation time in the bloodstream. Nanoparticle has emerged as a promising strategy for the efficient delivery of drugs used in the treatment of cancer by avoiding the reticuloendothelial system, utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention effect and tumorspecific targeting. Delivery methods using nanoparticle are highlighted including both degradable and non-degradable polymers. The preparation techniques include emulsion polymerization, micelle polymerization, desolation of macromolecule, and emulsion-solvent evaporation methods. The particle size of the polymeric nanoparticle is in the nanometer range (10- 1000 nm) and is dependent on the method of preparation employed.Keywords
Nanoparticles, Cancer, Reticuloendothelial System, Drug Delivery.- Natural Plant Products with Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Authors
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technical Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vol 3, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 1-9Abstract
The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethno pharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and “leads” which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; Western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. This review attempts to summarize the current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals viz; Simple phenols and phenolic acids (spp.2) Quinones (spp.3) Flavones, flavonoids, and flavonol (spp.3), Tannins (spp.7) coumarins, (spp.1), Terpenoids and Essential Oils (spp.19), Alkaloids (spp.9) Lectins and polypeptides (spp.5) ,mixture (spp.4), other compounds (spp.1) and new antimicrobial plant origins (spp.7) are also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations.- Natural Plant Products with Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Authors
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technical Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vol 3, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 93-102Abstract
The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethno pharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and "leads" which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; Western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. This review attempts to summarize the current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals viz; Simple phenols and phenolic acids (spp.2) Quinones (spp.3) Flavones, flavonoids, and flavonol (spp.3) , Tannins (spp.7) coumarins, (spp.1), Terpenoids and Essential Oils (spp.19), Alkaloids (spp.9) Lectins and polypeptides (spp.5) ,mixture (spp.4), other compounds (spp.1) and new antimicrobial plant origins (spp.7) are also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations.- Herbal Antioxidants: A Review
Authors
1 Raipur Institute of Technology, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur (C.G.) 492101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vol 2, No 6 (2010), Pagination: 427-434Abstract
Antioxidant the word itself is magic. Suggesting some type of allencompassing protection against cellular wear and damage, the scientific medical community has now embraced a once reviled theory. Using the antioxidant concept as a spearhead in proposed mechanisms staving off socalled “free radical” reactions, the rush is on to mine claim for the latest and most effect combination of free radical scavenging compound. They are therefore critical for maintaining optimal cellular and systemic health and well being. Defense strategies against such aggressive radical species include enzymes, antioxidants that occur naturally in the body (glutathione, uric acid, ubiquinol-10, and other) and radical scavenging nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, E, and carotenoids. This paper will present a brief discussion of some well-and little- known phyto pharmaceuticals (i.e. herbs) that may add to the optimization of antioxidant status and therefore offer added preventive values for overall health.Keywords
Antioxidant, Herbs, Free Radical, Carotenoids, Cancer, Oxidation etc.- Natural Product with Potent Anti HIV Activity
Authors
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur (C.G.) 492101, IN