Informatics Publishing Limited

Alexander Kiruthiga ¹, Kesavaram Padmavathy ¹, Praveen Shabana ², Sumathi Gnanadesikan ³, Jeevan Malaiyan ³, T. Shoba ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Research Laboratory for Oral and Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meitra Hospital, Calicut, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, IN
4 Department of General Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Fosfomycin, a broad spectrumbactericidal agent had been recommended by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. However, studies on the susceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecalis against fosfomycin are inadequate. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the invitro susceptibility to fosfomycinamong urinary E. faecalis. A total of about 70 non-repetitive isolates of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the urine samples were included in the study. Susceptibility to fosfomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, high level gentamicin, high level streptomycin was determined by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Preliminary screening to minimum inhibitory concentration of high level aminoglycosides was assessed by agar dilution method. Vancomycin resistance was detected by agar screening method and further confirmed with e-test and interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. Our results indicate, increased susceptibility to teicoplanin (98.57%) followed by fosfomycin (95.71%) and linezolid (68.57%). Of note, none of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Of the 70 E. faecalis isolates screened, 61.43% isolates exhibited HLG^R phenotype) and 37.14% exhibited HLS^R phenotype. HLG^RHLS^R phenotype was observed among 32.9% of the isolates. MIC of gentamicin and streptomycin was found to be ≥512μg/ mL (HLGR isolates) and ≥2000μg/mL (HLSR isolates) respectively. 91.3% of our HLAR isolates (93% HLGR, 92.3% HLSR) were susceptible to fosfomycin. Hence, it could be speculated that fosfomycin can be considered in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by high level aminoglycoside/ linezolid resistant/glycopeptide resistant E.faecalis.

Keywords

Enterococcus Faecalis, Fosfomycin, HLGR, HLSR.

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S. Kishore Kumar ¹, R. Padmavati ², T. Shoba ³

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN
3 Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

A malocclusion created due to a vertical discrepancy is of great interest in the field of orthodontics, because of its etiology, treatment planning and tendency to relapse in the post treatment period. It is important for an orthodontist to recognize its numerous components and understand their interrelationships. This article reviews some of the relevant literature and also some diagnostic and treatment planning suggestions to the orthodontist

Keywords

Vertical Discrepancies, Open Bite, Deepbite.

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Kishore Kumar ¹, Nidhyavarshini Gurubaran ¹, T. Shoba ¹

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Measuring the three-dimensional force–moment (F/M) systems applied for correcting tooth malposition is highly desirable for accurate spatial control of tooth movement and for reducing traumatic sideeffects such as irreversible ischolar_main resorption. In this article, we have reviewed the application of smart brackets with CMOS micro-censors on the base of the brackets to quantify these force moment system.

Keywords

Smart Bracket, Force, Moment, Measurement, microsensor, Fixed Appliance.

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