Informatics Publishing Limited

T. Selvakumar ¹, Madhavi Ganesan ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Water Resources, Anna University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Water recycling and reuse is a major component of contemporary water management strategies as the world faces increasing fresh water demand and problems associated with disposal of wastewater. The use of soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is the most common method for Artificial recharge as it does not require high technology levels. It is simple and cost effective to operate and is capable of achieving extremely good quality treatment of the recharged water. However, the success of this method can be limited by clogging issues affecting the overall performance of these systems. This paper deals with the literature review of SAT Technology with soil columns study using primary as well as secondary effluents with related removal efficiency of different pollutants. The use of soil columns test for the study of SAT is a way to better understand removal mechanisms in soil, hence helping to understand SAT full scale performance and eventual risks. The main conclusion of the review is that the soil columns can be effective on removal of the major contaminants from wastewater. The use of soil columns prove to serve the purpose of removal relates with the configuration of the columns, as well as the soil type affecting infiltration rates and the development of clogging issues.

Keywords

Soil Columns, Wastewater, Infiltration Rate, Clogging Layer, Review.

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T. Selvakumar ¹, Madhavi Ganesan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Chennai – 600097 , Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Water Resources, Anna University, Chennai – 600025 , Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Artificial recharge of Aquifers with treated wastewater is one of the most promising techniques for its reuse. Usually laboratory and pilot scale field studies are conducted for investigating the feasibility of wastewater recharge for any aquifer. The addition of sand to the local soil can improve the performance of the Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) process. Thus, a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effect of sand amendment with local Sandy Clay Loam (SCL) texture soil collected from Anna University Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Chennai, India. Four 35 cm long PVC soil columns were fabricated and were filled with 5 % (R5), 10 % (R10), 15 % (R15) and 20 % (R20) sand amended soil. The experiments were run simultaneously for a period of ten cycles with 3 days wet/4 days dry cycles. Water samples were collected at the outlet of the columns and analysed for TDS, ammonia, nitrite and nitrates. The removal of ammonia was through nitrification process which was found to be a dominant removal mechanism of nitrogen. When reduction performance achieved with different sand amendment columns were compared, it could be seen that R10 column yielded with least nitrate value of 0.69 and 1.57 mg/l after 1st and 3rd wetting day.

Keywords

Artificial Recharge, Nitrate Reduction, Sand Amendment, Soil Aquifer Treatment, Wastewater Reuse

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L. Rajendran ¹, C. Gopalakrishnan ¹, T. Selvakumar ², N. Manivannan ³, P. L. Viswanathan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore – 3, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore - 3, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 PBG, TNAU, Coimbatore - 3, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Oilseeds, TNAU, Coimbatore - 3, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Seed biopriming followed by foliar spray of different newer fungicide molecules to manage sunflower leaf spot under field conditions have been tried in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India for three consecutive years (2014-2016). The result indicated that among the different treatments tested, seed biopriming with TNAU Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf1) @ 10g/kg seeds followed by spray of Hexaconazole @ 0.1% at 45 days and P. fluorescens (Pf1) @ 1.0% at 60 DAS showed less severity of Alternaria leaf spot (25.7) with the highest yield of 1471kg/ha against the control (47.7) which recorded yield of 1111kg/ha. In addition, seed biopriming promoted higher and uniform seed germination under field conditions.

Keywords

Newer Molecule, Leaf Spot/Blight, Seed Biopriming, Seed Yield, Sunflower.

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