Informatics Publishing Limited

J. Y. Sharma , Grace Lhouvum , Suresh Chauhan , Banwari Lal , T. P. Singh , Varghese Paul

Abstract

Bauxite residue, also known as red mud, is a by-product of the Bayer Process. Bauxite is composed principally of the monohydrate and trihydrate forms of alumina in varying proportions. The research study was conducted to rehabilitate used red mud ponds of INDAL (Indian Aluminium Company Ltd.), Belgaum, Karnataka, India, by identifying suitable trees, grasses, and legume species as well as amenders, including bacteria and mycorrhizae, to improve the physico-chemical condition of red mud deposits and convert it to a substrate. Amenders such as gypsum, FYM (farmyard manure), fly ash/vegetative dust in different proportions, forming three basic combinations, A, B, and C, were developed. These three combinations were then treated with the bacteria and mycorrhizae both alone, and in combination, to form twelve treatments and one control. The research study showed that there is remarkable change in the physical and chemical properties of red muod after amendment, which provides the platform for plantation growth. The best combination found for treating red mud ponds was: Red mud + 20% FYM + 10% Gypsum + 15% Fly ash + Bacteria + Mycorrhizae for four tree species, Prosopis julijlora, Acacia nilotica, Pangamia pinnata and Melia azedarach, and three grass/legume species Brachiaria mutica, Chloris gayana, and Sesbania sesban.

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T. P. Singh

Abstract

The Kyoto Protocol allows assistance being given for sustainable development as a contribution to carry out the ultimate objective, ie. Reduction of GHG emissions. Forests act as carbon sinks, therefore, farm forestry can be immensely useful for CO₂ sequestration. The article presents a case study in this context from Pilibhit District (Uttar Pradesh). The land holders, divided into three categories - small, medium and large holdings, the majority ofland being with medium landholders. Medium farmers grow more trees on their lands as compared to other categories. Usually, Eucalypts, Poplar, Teak, Kadam are being planted. It is estimated that total biomass production is likely to be 32,800 tonnes/year and the stored carbon 16,400 tonnes/year. Thus farm forestry holds tremendous potential for sequestering and storing carbon.

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T. P. Singh , Suman Datta , V. Varalakshmi

Abstract

Joint Forest Management (JFM) experiences in India have revealed the crucial role that social and economic incentives play in sustaining these efforts. JFM was conceived as a sustainable management system based on active participation of forest fringe dwellers whose opportunity cost was compensated by giving some rights and privileges on forest products. However, the definition and scope of the JFM programme is being expanded from rehabilitation of degraded forest lands to socio-economic development of resource-dependent communities; from managing resources for meeting peoples' demand for forest products to managing pressures through alternatives. The purpose of this paper is two fold: (i) to assess the extent to which the sustainability of JFM programme is dependent on rural development and (ii) to evaluate the extent of effects of already taken rural development efforts in four States under JFM namely Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. It is seen that from a forest resource management programme, States have adopted an integrated approach of rural development to supplement forest protection measures. The emphasis is now on meeting the social, economic and human development needs of communities. The village-level institutions created for natural resource management are also emerging as the focal point for rural development and each of these functions is mutually enriching and supportive. The paper traces this paradigm shift, ably supported by examples from across the country to present the crucial role for socio-economic development of communities for sustaining join forest management initiatives. It emphasises that a self-reliant community is a prerequisite for sustaining forests and should be the basic philosophy for community Forestry Programme.

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Pia Sethi , T. P. Singh

Abstract

Case studies from India indicate that village resource development activities may provide an important incentive for sustaining interest in the Joint Forest Management Programme apart from leading to improvements in people's livelihood status. Ensuring sustain ability of such activities , however , requires several innovative measures including the development of village funds and enhancing of inter-sectoral linkages.

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T. P. Singh , V. Varalakshmi , Sudhir K. Ahluwalia

Abstract

Forests constitute both a sink and a source of atmospheric CO₂, In developing countries like India, the potential land area available for the implementation of forest management options for carbon conservation and sequestration is constrained by socio-economic circumstances. Farm Forestry involves the growth and management of trees on private lands and this provides an excellent opportunity for carbon sequestration while supplying wood and non-wood products to meet both domestic and market requirements. Under the Farm Forestry programme in the State of Uttar Pradesh in India, nearly 1906.8 million trees have been planted during the period 1979-94 of 1525.44 million are estimated to be surviving. In terms of land coverage, this works out to over one million hectares. This is significant and adds up to nearly 30% of the entire good natural forest cover in U.P. State. It is estimated that nearly 20 million tonnes of Carbon has been sequestered by these Farm Forestry plantations. Government policies and programmes that are supportive of Farm Forestry, could be the major instruments for increasing carbon sequestration from Farm Forestry, thus contributing to the implementation of the Climate Change Policy.

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M. Kamat , T. P. Singh

Abstract

No abstract

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T. P. Singh , G. S. Paliwal

Abstract

Analysis of growth responses of seven broad-leaved tree species under various fertiliser treatments in the nursery conditions indicate that fertiliser applications lead to a marked improvement in growth response as determined by parameters like seedling height, stem girth, as well as the widlh and length of the leaves.

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T. P. Singh , G. S. Paliwal

Abstract

The present work has been aimed at analysing the growth response of seven indigenous tree species under the various fertiliser treatments in the field conditions. The results obtained have revealed that a marked improvement in growth responses takes place by fertiliser application. However, any recommendation as to the fertiliser and its dosage for a particular species will have to take into consideration soil characteristics of the plantation site. Keeping in view the above limitation, specific recommendations of fertiliser doses have been made for the seven species investigated.

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V. R. S. Rawat ¹, T. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Forests and Climate Change Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) P.O. New Forest, Dehradun
2 Forests and Climate Change Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) P.O. New Forest, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

no abstract

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B. S. Sangha ¹, T. P. Singh ², Ajay Batish ³

Affiliations
1 School of Behavioral Sciences and Business Studies, Thapar University, Patiala (Punjab), IN
2 Symbiosis International University, Pune (M.S.), IN
3 Thapar University, Patiala (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Innovation is a key factor for survival and sustainable growth for small scale enterprises in the competitive business environment. This paper investigates the role of regional innovation system upon the factors responsible for innovation and competitiveness among smallscale autoparts Industry. The data was collected from 110 small scale Autoparts enterprises through questionnaire cum interview schedule using single source. The study revealed that regional innovation system has a strong influence on the innovativeness of Industries through enhancement in their absorptive capacity and transfer of tacit knowledge causing incremental process innovations. Further, their existence in autoparts cluster and entrepreneurship skills of the owners were also contributing factors for the innovativeness. In addition, the research found that small scale entrepreneurs with the constrained resources of organization structure and human capital was driven to think 'low cost'; 'low tech' incremental innovations to sustain in the cut throat competition.

Keywords

Small Scale Auto Part Industry, Innovation, Absorptive Capacity, Regional Innovation System.

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B. S. Sangha ¹, T. P. Singh ², Ajay Batish ³

Affiliations
1 School of Behavioural Sciences and Business Studies, Thapar University, Patiala (Punjab), IN
2 Symbiosis International University, Pune (M.S.), IN
3 Thapar University, Patiala (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Innovation has been the major strategic tool used by global organizations for dominating the global markets. Innovation as a process, which was earlier visible only in the big organizations, who serve high end markets, has now become a basic necessity in every organization and in all parts of their value chain. In the 21^st century, it's the very nature of innovation that has changed; it's happening faster, it's more open and collaborative. In a number of countries today innovation has become one of the key factors propelling economic growth and enhancing social benefits. Innovation needs to be built into the culture of an organization to enable it to gain sustainability by involving and inspiring every process associated with the organization. Innovation is a continuous process of creating new ideas and accumulation of knowledge within an enterprise. This paper investigates the combined effect of regional innovation system and organisation culture to develop a model to foster innovation culture among small-scale autoparts industry of Punjab state. The usable data from 110 small scale Autoparts enterprises was obtained through questionnaire cum interview schedule method. Model-I was developed to assess the status of innovation culture in an organisation and the Model-II helps in analyzing the influence of regional innovation system on the innovation culture of an organisation. The study revealed that regional innovation system has a strong positive influence on innovativeness of organizations.

Keywords

Innovation Culture, Auto Part Industry, Absorptive Capacity, Regional Innovation System.

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Manisha Dinesh Bhosale ¹, T. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics, Symbiosis International University, Pune 411 016, IN

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to compare the accuracy of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multiple linear regression (MLR) model for prediction of first lactation 305-day milk yield (FL305DMY) using monthly test-day milk yield records of 443 Frieswal cows. We have compared four versions of feed forward algorithm with conventional statistical model. The performancre of ANN is found to be better than the MLR model for milk yield prediction. The Bayesian regularization neural network model was able to predict milk yield with 85.07% accuracy as early as 126th day of lactation. It has been found that R² value of the models increases with increase in the number of test-day milk yield records.

Keywords

Artificial Neural Network, Dairy Cattle, Milk Yielded, Multiple Linear Regression.

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T. P. Singh ¹, R. S. Rawat ¹, V. R. S. Rawat ¹, M. K. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Biodiversity and Climate Change Division, Directorate of Research Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, P.O. New Forest, Dehradun - Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

India has stabilized its forest and tree cover which is about 24.01 per cent of its total geographical area. Forests store significant amounts of carbon in its biomass, litter, dead woods and soil; and it has a major role in climate change adaptation and mitigation. Soil carbon is the largest terrestrial carbon pool and it holds a very important role in the carbon cycle. Soil samples were collected from all major forest types in different parts of the country as well as from adjoining non-forest areas for estimating the loss of soil organic carbon due to land conversion. The results of this study indicated that maximum soil organic carbon stock was under tropical moist deciduous forests (1665.65 million tonnes) followed by tropical dry deciduous forests (1572.38 million tonnes) and least under Himalayan dry temperate forests (3.85 million tonnes). The total soil organic carbon stocks i.e., 4327.36 million tonnes and 4680.25 million tonnes were estimated under the forests in the year 1995 and 2007 respectively. The estimate showed that due to increase in forest cover during the assessment period, soil in Indian forests acted as a net sink of 352.89 million tonnes of soil organic carbon. The maximum increase in soil organic carbon stock during this period was under tropical moist deciduous forests (125.91 million tonnes) and the least increase was under Himalayan dry temperate forests (0.23 million tonnes).

Keywords

Soil Organic Carbon Stock, Forests, Forest Types, India.

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S. M. Roy ¹, Lai Bechan ², T. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Govt PG College Pratapgarh, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, IN
2 Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, BHU, Varanasi-221 005, IN

Abstract

Effects of melatonin (MEL), 5 methoxytryptamine (5-MT), 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) and 5-methoxytrptophol (5-MTL) were studied on the circulating levels of testosterone (T), estradiol 17β (E₂) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) during the early-preparatory and early prespawning phases of the annual reproductive cycle of the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus.

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V. R. S. Rawat ¹, T. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 BCC Division, ICFRE Hqs, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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V. R. S. Rawat ¹, T. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Biodiversity and Climate Change Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun (Uttrakhand), IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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G. L. Soni ¹, T. P. Singh ¹, Rattan Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

After the discovery of the antitryptic activity in the extracts of soybean, a large number of trypsin inhibitors have been isolated from the plant sources, especially from the leguminous seeds. Though these trypsin inhibitors have been found to be distributed in the different parts of the plant like seeds, leaves, cotyledons, ischolar_mains and stems; depending upon the plant species, they are mostly present in the seeds. As the legumes form an important part of the diet in the underdeveloped and the developing countries like India, a number of attempts have been made to improve their nutritional value by using heat treatments to destroy the trypsin inhibitor.

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Tarun Nanda ¹, T. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Mechanical Engg. Dept., Thapar University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

Small scale manufacturing industry (SSMI) is a very important sector of our economy. It contributes almost 40% of the gross industrial value added to the Indian economy and about 45% of the Indian exports. Small scale units offer high employment potential and have low capital-output and capital-labor ratios. These characteristics make small scale sector very significant in a capital scarce and labor abundant economy like India. Though there has been a conspicuous increase in the number of small scale units, industrial sickness in this sector has assumed very serious proportions. Many causes account for the sickness. The present work discusses the results of a survey conducted in 93 small scale industries. The main factors impairing the performance of machine tool, cutting tool and auto-component industry have been identified and discussed. The survey also analyzes the extent of government support to the industry in its technology development initiatives.

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Manisha Dinesh Bhosale ¹, T. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Symbiosis Institute of Geo-Informatics, Symbiosis International University, Pune 411 016, IN

Abstract

The scope of this study was to develop lifetime milk yield (LTMY) prediction equation using different economical traits. The traits used were first lactation length, first peak yield, first lactation total milk yield,and total of three lactation milk yield of 1210 Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cattle in India. Four variants of feed-forward back propagation algorithms were compared with the multiple linear regression model.The performance of Bayesian regularization (BR) algorithm was found to be better than the other algorithms for LTMY prediction. The BR neural network model was able to predict milk yield with 71.18% R².

Keywords

Artificial Neural Network, Cows, Lifetime Milk Yield, Multiple Linear Regression.

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Sanjeev Kumar ¹, T. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh-160012, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is widely used for manufacturing plastics moulds, die casting dies and forging dies from hardened tool steels. The intrinsic nature of the process results in erosion of the tool material and some of it is found In the machined surface under specific machining conditions. Deliberate material transfer may be carried out by using either composite electrodes or by dispersing metallic powders in the dielectric. This paper describes the formation of plasma channel during EDM sparking and how it may be utilized for improving the surface properties of die steels by selective material deposition on the machined surface from the eroding electrode. The OHNS die steel work material has been machined using copper, copper-chromium and copper-tungsten electrodes under process parameters favouring high tool wear. The SEM and EDS analysis of the machined surfaces show alloying of parent material with copper, chromium and tungsten which result in the Improvement of surface properties such as wear resistance and strength at elevated temperatures.

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